干旱区马铃薯栽培技术要点探讨

马铃薯作物的抗逆性较强,相较同类蔬菜,其需水少,喜光,可抵抗多种病毒,田间管理容易,市场价格稳定。目前,干旱区马铃薯产业发展初具规模,但传统发展过程无法避免一些问题,阻碍了马铃薯产业的可持续发展。为了保证马铃薯栽培品质,推广产业化生产,实现马铃薯规模化发展,应系统规划和研究马铃薯产业,以提高马铃薯产业发展水平。通过分析马铃薯栽培技术,提升单产水平,改善品质,获得较好的社会经济效益,实现农业可持续发展。     

北方干旱地区不同土壤覆盖措施对侧柏林间土壤含水量及造林成活率的影响

为了探索适合在北方干旱地区造林中大面积推广应用的土壤覆盖措施,提高人工造林的成活率,开展了不同土壤覆盖措施对侧柏林间土壤含水量及造林成活率的影响试验,结果表明:土中覆草的处理蓄水能力更强,明显促进侧柏苗木生长,提高苗木的成活率。我国北方干旱地区应用土中覆草技术可明显提高造林成效。     

Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China

Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature （LST） is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval.     

基于自记忆方程的干旱区地下水水位动态模拟

地下水水位预测对于合理开发利用地下水与保护生态环境具有重要意义。以新疆希尼尔水库周边区域为例,根据研究区多年地下水埋深观测数据,建立了基于自记忆方程的地下水埋深预测模型。结果表明:该模型模拟与预测精度较高,为研究区的地下水合理开发利用提供了重要参考;研究结果可用于其他类似时间序列变量的模拟预测。     

干旱地区次生盐碱地主要造林树种抗盐指标的确定及耐盐能力排序

我国西北干旱地区次生盐碱地的主要造林树种的抗盐碱上限指标：新疆杨可以在土壤含盐量＜ｇ／Ｌ时生长正常；杜梨＜４ｇ／Ｌ；；柠条＜７ｇ／Ｌ；花棒＜５ｇ／Ｌ；沙棘＜６ｇ／Ｌ；沙枣＜４ｇ／Ｌ；枸杞＜７ｇ／Ｌ；梭梭＜３０－５０ｇ／Ｌ；胡杨＜８ｇ／Ｌ；树柳＜５０ｇ／Ｌ；杨柴＜６ｇＬ。     

Anatomical variations in wood among four native species of Leguminosae grown in arid areas of China

Morphological features and anatomical variations are described and illustrated in detail for four native species of Legumi-nosae grown in arid sandy regions in China, which are Hedysarum scoparium Fisch.et Mey., Caragana korshiskii Kom., Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim. ex Kom.) Cheng f. All species showed similar morphological features: distinct growth ring boundaries, ring to semi-ring-porosity, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pitting, nonseptate fibers, para...     

西北黄土高原薪炭树种选择的试验研究

以生物量和热值为主要指标,对西北黄土高原8个主要薪炭树种进行了综合比较分析,初步筛选出了适应黄土高原地区发展的沙棘、刺槐和柠条等3个树种。     

盆栽蝎尾蕉种类及栽培管理要点

蝎尾蕉(Heliconia L.)，又名赫蕉、鹤蕉等，是姜目蝎尾蕉科蝎尾蕉属植物，主要分布在中、南美洲的热带地区以及南太平洋一些岛屿上。自然生境为热带雨林中的河流及路旁能透过阳光的地方，少数种类生长在季节性干旱地区。蝎尾蕉叶片宽大、线条飘逸，叶柄鞘状抱茎，花序呈二列状排列，有许多舟状花苞组成，直立或下垂，十分奇特；花苞片蜡质，颜色有红、黄、粉、绿等，颜色夺目；蝎尾蕉花期很长，许多品种甚至可以全年开花。目前在热带、亚热带许多地区如美国夏威夷和佛罗里达、新加坡、澳大利亚、泰国等地广泛栽培和应用，可以很好的展示热带、南亚热带风情。我国上世纪80年代开始陆续从国外引种蝎尾蕉，主要用于切花生产。目前，在我国广州等地的年宵花中开始出现盆栽蝎尾蕉的品种。     

干旱地区造林的几种整地方法

造林整地，是提高造林成活率，改善林木生长条件的重要环节。整地的好坏，往往成为造林成败的决定性因素。特别在水土流失严重、气候特别干旱的黄土高原地区，细致整地的作用就显得更为重要。通过整地，可拦截地表径流，蓄水保墒，提高土壤的抗旱能力；改善立地条件，调节造林地的光照、热量、水分和空气状况，以满足不同树苗、幼树的需要；