植物甾醇对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究植物甾醇对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清胆固醇等血液生化指标的影响,试验选用28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪90头作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别饲喂基础日粮（空白对照组）与在基础日粮中分别添加40 mg/kg（试验组1）和60mg/kg植物甾醇（试验组2）的试验日粮。试验分三期进行,共34 d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,植物甾醇试验组降低了断奶仔猪的料肉比（P〉0.05）;试验组1血清总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平显著降低（P〈0.05）;两试验组组均可显著提高血清总蛋白（TP）含量（P〈0.05）,并对超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性有一定程度的提高作用（P〉0.05）。因此,日粮中添加植物甾醇可以提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,并显著降低其血液胆固醇水平。     

不同继代培养次数对苹果八棱海棠离体培养和遗传转化的影响

以苹果八棱海棠离体新梢和幼叶为外植体,研究不同继代次数对其离体繁殖、再生和遗传转化的影响。结果表明,随着继代培养次数的增加,继代10次和48次的八棱海棠离体增殖倍数、生根能力、不定芽的再生频率、每外植体再生芽数和GUS基因瞬时表达率均显著高于继代5次的;继代10次的增殖倍数和GUS阳性率明显多于继代48次的,其它指标相互间差异不显著;说明继代10次的芽苗较适合用于八棱海棠离体培养的外殖体材料,其幼叶较适于遗传转化研究。     

Functional mapping of genotype-environment interactions for soybean growth by a semiparametric approach

Background  

Functional mapping is a powerful approach for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control biological processes. Functional mapping incorporates mathematical aspects of growth and development into a general QTL mapping framework and has been recently integrated with composite interval mapping to build up a so-called composite functional mapping model, aimed to separate multiple linked QTLs on the same chromosomal region.     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative determination of cyhalofop-butyl

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for cyhalofop-butyl was developed with a polyclonal antibody produced against a hapten (cyhalofop acid) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The ELISA of cyhalofop-butyl showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.067 ± 0.004 mg/l and the limit of detection (LOD, IC₁₀) of 0.0029 ± 0.0001 mg/l at the optimal conditions. No significant cross-reaction to other structure-related compounds suggested high specificity for cyhalofop-butyl of the method. The average recoveries of cyhalofop-butyl from fortified water and soil were in the range of 83.2-119.7% and 80.1-104.0%, respectively. These data indicate that this method is a convenient analytical technique for monitoring cyhalofop-butyl in water and soil without purification steps.     

大豆种质对大豆疫霉菌株Pm8的抗性分析

采用黄化苗下胚轴接种法,利用大豆疫霉菌株Pm8对来自不同地区的355份大豆品种(系)进行疫霉根腐病接种鉴定。结果表明:96份材料表现为抗病类型,占鉴定总数的27%,106份表现为中间类型,占总数的30%。在所鉴定的品种(系)中,北京、浙江等省(市)抗大豆疫霉菌株Pm8的资源比较丰富;吉林、四川等省的抗性资源较贫乏。研究结果为大豆抗病育种选择亲本和利用品种布局进行大豆疫霉根腐病生态控制提供了依据。     

浙江文成县近10年生态足迹与生态可持续发展分析

运用生态足迹模型和资料信息分析等方法,对浙江省文成县2000—2009年生态足迹和生态可持续发展进行分析和评价。结果表明:文成县人均生态足迹不断提高,由2000年的0.5918 hm2.人-1增加到2009年的0.6352 hm2.人-1。人均生态承载力不断降低,由2000年的0.6189 hm2.人-1减少到2009年的0.5281hm2.人-1。文成县近10年出现了人均生态赤字,并有进一步加大的趋势。2000—2009年,文成县人均耕地资源的可持续发展指数逐渐下降,从0.5112下降至0.4540,由弱可持续状态变为弱不可持续状态。通过模型预测,到2019年,文成县人均生态足迹将达到0.6519 hm2.人-1,而人均耕地生态承载力将降到0.4917hm2.人-1,生态赤字增加到0.1602 hm2.人-1,可持续发展指数降低到0.4300,文成县的生态压力越来越严重。因此要采取控制人口数量、改变传统的消费观念、遏制生态环境破坏,提高单位土地利用率等措施,抑制生态足迹上升趋势,增加生态承载力,才能保持文成县的生态可持续发展。     

元阳梯田土壤碳氮的垂直分布特性

 对元阳梯田3个海拔梯度［高海拔（1615~1682m）、中海拔（1532~1555m）和低海拔（1445~1468m）］表层土壤（0~30cm）碳氮组分的含量现状与分布特征进行了研究。结果表明：元阳梯田表层土壤有机碳（TOC）总体达到二级水平，而土壤全氮（TN）、pH值和微生物量碳氮(MBC，MBN)含量较低，土壤溶解性有机碳氮（DOC，DON）含量及其占土壤有机碳、全氮的比值较高，土壤易氧化碳（ROC）和轻组碳氮（LFC，LFN）含量处于中等水平。上述指标均呈现出随海拔的下降而降低的趋势，且元阳梯田土壤DOC，DON，ROC，LFC和LFN与梯田海拔之间呈显著正相关关系（P<005）。元阳梯田土壤TOC，TN，MBC，MBN及NH+4 N含量在3个海拔梯度之间均没有显著差异性；而土壤pH值、DON，ROC，LFC和LFN含量均在高海拔梯度显著高于低海拔梯度（P<005）     

铜、锌元素对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果与机理

 为寻找香蕉枯萎病防治措施，通过盆栽试验和室内试验，研究铜、锌（EDTA-Cu、EDTA-Zn）对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）生理特性的影响，以及锌与拮抗菌21号（SQR21^＃，多粘芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa）配合使用对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明：（1）用尖孢镰刀菌培养得到的粗毒素处理香蕉幼苗96 h后，对照植株萎蔫严重，呈枯死状，添加EDTA-Cu或EDTA-Zn，显著减轻了粗毒素对香蕉幼苗的伤害。（2）与对照相比，添加EDTA-Cu或EDTA-Zn均显著增加了香蕉尖孢镰刀菌小型分生孢子数量和真菌生物量，但显著降低了镰刀菌酸的产量，分别降低73%和96%。（3）盆栽试验中，加锌（ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O）处理显著降低了香蕉枯萎病的病情指数。其中锌与拮抗菌21号菌同时使用防治效果最好，处理75 d病情指数比直接接菌处理降低62%。（4）21号菌显著降低了香蕉根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量，与直接接菌处理相比降低了18%，锌与21号菌同时使用显著增加了尖孢镰刀菌数量，比直接接菌处理增加了30%。上述结果表明，锌离子可能通过降低香蕉尖孢镰刀菌镰刀菌酸的产量以及增强拮抗菌21号菌的生防活性来有效降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率。     

Reduction in cadmium accumulation in japonica rice grains by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of OsNRAMP5

Cadmium (Cd) intake is harmful to human health and Cd contamination in rice grains represents a severe threat to those consuming rice as a staple food. Knockout of Cd transporters is a promising strategy to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains. OsNRAMP5 is the major transporter for Cd and manganese (Mn) uptake in rice. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether knockout of OsNRAMP5 is applicable to produce low Cd rice without affecting plant growth and grain yield. In this study, we adopted CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technology to knock out OsNRAMP5 in two japonica varieties. We generated three independent transgene-free osnramp5 mutants and investigated the effect of osnramp5 mutations on Cd accumulation and plant growth. Hydroponic experiments showed that plant growth and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced in osnramp5 mutants at low Mn conditions, and this defective growth in the mutants could be fully rescued by supply of high levels of Mn. Cd and Mn accumulation in both roots and shoots was markedly reduced in the mutants compared to that in wild-type plants. In paddy field experiments, although Cd in flag leaves and grains was greatly reduced in osnramp5 mutants, some agronomic traits including plant height, seed setting rate, and grain number per panicle were affected in the mutants, which ultimately caused a mild reduction in grain yield. The reduced plant growth in the mutants can be attributed to a marked decrease in Mn accumulation. Our results reveal that the manipulation of OsNRAMP5 should be treated with caution: When assessing the applicability of osnramp5 mutants, soil pH and soil water content in paddy fields need to be taken into consideration, since they might affect the levels of available Mn in the soil and consequently determine the effect of the mutation on grain yield.     

南京小龙山植物内生与土壤微生物群落差异及其矿物风化功能的研究计划项目

以南京小龙山植株海州香薷、根际土壤与非根际土壤作为材料得到可培养的植物内生细菌、根际细菌与非根际细菌,通过研究样品间的群落差异,来分析所得菌种对植株、土壤的作用与影响.将可培养细菌加入钾长石中,通过测定分析不同生境细菌对矿物的风化能力,筛选出具有高效释放矿质元素能力的菌株.该研究有助于丰富微生物资源库,了解植物内生细菌与不同土壤微生物的作用与联系,为深入阐明细菌的矿物风化作用机制打下基础.