天台乌药的组织培养与快速繁殖

以药用植物天台乌药当年生嫩茎为外植体,新芽萌动后取材,研究不同培养基对其组织培养和植株再生的影响。结果表明,最适的不定芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0～3.5 mg.L-1+NAA 0.2 mg.L-1+Na2S2O31.25%(蔗糖3%),最佳的生根培养基为1/4 MS+IBA 1.0 mg.L-1(不加肌醇,蔗糖2%)。     

我国松花菜出口应对日本“肯定列表制度”研究

选取十字花科甘蓝属的松花菜作为研究对象,对比了我国松花菜的农药最大残留限量标准与日本的异同,并从涉及的农药的种类、残留限量值及农药超标原因综合分析方面提出了对策。     

水稻害虫图像识别技术研究

[目的]解决水稻害虫传统识别方法的低时效性问题。[方法]采用数字图像处理方法对水稻害虫进行图像识别和分类,对水稻害虫的虫体面积、虫体周长、偏心率、形状参数、似圆度、叶状性、球形性等几何形状特征进行提取和研究,并采用支持向量机(SVM)分类器对水稻害虫二化螟、三化螟、稻飞虱、卷叶螟进行分类。[结果]利用所建立的6个特征判别函数对4种水稻害虫进行判别分类,识别率达到96.67%,说明这6个经过筛选的特征具有很强的判别性。[结论]支持向量机分类器的识别方法很好地解决水稻害虫传统识别方法的低时效性问题。支持向量机以风险最小化为原则,兼顾训练误差与测试误差的最小化,具体体现在分类模型的选择和模型参数的选择上。     

中国建设用地扩张的驱动力分析

研究目的：研究建设用地扩张的驱动力。研究方法：基于改进C-D生产函数修正的STIRPAT模型和岭回归方法。研究结果：在其他条件相同的情况下，总人口每增加1%，将导致建设用地增加0.2110%，城市化率每提高1%，将导致建设用地增加0.0542%，人均可支配收入每提高1%，将导致建设用地增加0.0255%；货币资本投入每增加1%，将导致建设用地增加0.0157%。研究结论：（1）人口增长是中国建设用地扩张的最主要驱动力。（2）城市化是中国建设用地扩张的重要驱动力，城市化率的提高并没有导致建设用地总量的减少。（3）社会富裕水平和建设用地总面积之间不存在环境Kuznets曲线。（4）货币资本和建设用地之间的替代关系不明显，技术进步对土地集约利用水平提高的促进作用远远没有发挥出来。     

茶多酚生产水相中茶氨酸分离技术研究

研究一种从生产茶多酚后的残留液中提纯茶氨酸的制备工艺;首先通过ZTC-II型天然澄清剂对茶多酚生产废液絮凝处理,离心液经过三种规格中空超滤膜超滤,透过液用一种特制的弱极性大孔树脂(JAD-2000)初步分离,制备含量在60%以上的茶氨酸粗品,再通过C18制备柱对其溶液进行分离纯化,制备含量在98%以上高纯度茶氨酸。结果表明经过絮凝和膜超滤处理,蛋白质和果胶等杂物去除率分别达到97%、89%以上,而茶多酚、可溶糖去除率不到9%,茶氨酸保留率达到93%;JAD-2000初步分离可得含量在61%以上粗茶氨酸,回收率达到71%以上,而醇洗馏份中茶氨酸含量甚微。经C18柱制备色谱分离粗茶氨酸样液,收集12.6~15.8min高浓度段馏份,检测知茶氨酸的回收率为71.3%,茶氨酸含量达98.3%。     

基于AFLP分子标记的不同类型野生桂花种群遗传结构分析

桂花Osmanthus fragrans具有极高的经济价值和观赏价值。研究野生桂花种群的遗传多样性有利于为新品种的选育以及野生桂花资源的保护提供重要的依据。利用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术对江西全南(衰退型)和福建长汀(稳定型)这2个桂花自然种群96个个体进行了遗传多样性评估。7对引物组合共检测到330个清晰位点,其中多态位点276个,占83.64%。在物种水平,桂花的Shannon多态性信息指数(I)为0.428 3,Nei’s基因多样性(He)为0.285 6,表明桂花具有丰富的遗传多样性;在种群水平,福建长汀种群的多态性指数均高于江西全南种群,表明包含不同世代、具有较好自然更新能力的长汀种群携带更丰富的遗传信息;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明:桂花的遗传变异主要存在于种群内(71%),种群间的遗传变异只占29%;2个种群间存在一定的遗传分化(Gst=0.161 6),种群间基因流较小(Nm=2.594 9)。     

Self-decontaminating cotton fabrics based on photo-induced macromolecular radicals

Photoactive blend films consisting of sulfonated polyether ether ketone and polyvinyl alcohol were incorporated onto cotton fibers to prepare self-decontaminating cotton fabrics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to confirm the free-radical nature of the photoactive film and the cotton fabric. Several physical and mechanical properties of the fabrics, such as surface morphology, tensile strength, softness, whiteness, and water vapor permeability, were investigated, and it was found that the treated cottons basically maintained the original performance. Moreover, favorable photo-induced self-decontaminating capabilities of the treated fabrics were demonstrated against three kinds of pollutants, including decomposition of 80.2 % diuron under UVA light irradiation for 3 hours, inactivation of 93.33 % of E.coli and 86.67 % of S.aureus, and degradation of 64.1 % methyl orange under the light irradiation for 1 hour.     

The synthesis of core-shell monodisperse P(St-MAA) microspheres and fabrication of photonic crystals Structure with Tunable Colors on polyester fabrics

The core-shell monodisperse P(St-MAA) microspheres with different diameters ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm were prepared by soap-free emulsion copolymerization, in which styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were polymerizable monomers, and ammonium persulfate (APS) acted as initiator. The diameters and monodispersity of P(St-MAA) microspheres could be controlled by adjusting the concentrations of styrene, methacrylic acid and ammonium persulfate. The core-shell structure and chemical component distribution of the P(St-MAA) microspheres were confirmed by TEM and XPS. The photonic crystals on polyester fabrics with three-dimensionally ordered arrangement were fabricated by self-assembly of gravitational sedimentation with P(St-MAA) microspheres and exhibited brilliant structural colors without any chemical dyes and pigments. SEM, TEM and crystallographic analysis were applied to confirm a face centered cubic (fcc) structure of the photonic crystals on polyester fabrics. The versatile structural colors of the photonic crystals were dependent on the photonic band-gap which could be regulated by the spherical size of P(St-MAA) microspheres and viewing angles. This technology may provide a new strategy to color the fabrics and reduce the pollution in the current textile industry.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with CaCO3 and shell waste derived bio-fillers

The clam shell (CS) waste was first modified by furfural and hydrochloric acid to prepare fillers FCS and ACS, which were then used as fillers in polypropylene (PP), as well as the commercial calcium carbonate (CC). These fillers were characterized and analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size analyzer, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle measurement. The mechanical and thermal properties of PP composites were investigated as well. XRD analysis indicated that the major crystalline phase of CC was calcite; of shell waste derived fillers, calcite and aragonite. The CC was fully hydrophobic, while the shell derived fillers were amphiphilic. Mechanical property studies showed that the incorporation of FCS played the role mainly of toughening the PP; of CC, CS and ACS, that of reinforcing. The optimum filler contents of CS, ACS and FCS could reach 5, 7 and 15 wt.%, respectively, to obtain a good balance between fracture toughness and stiffness of the PP composites. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) observation indicated that the inclusion of these fillers could promote the heterogeneous nucleation of PP.     

Study on differences of reaction behavior of phenolic hydroxyl groups with vinyl sulfone reactive dyes and monochlorotriazine reactive dyes

Using p-methylphenol as a model compound for phenolic hydroxyl groups on silk fibroin, the reaction kinetics of two typical of reactive dyes including vinyl sulfone reactive dyes and monochlorotriazine reactive dyes with phenolic hydroxyl groups were studied by reverse phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that, the reaction rates of monochlorotriazine reactive dyes with phenolic hydroxyl groups were by far faster than those of vinyl sulfone reactive dyes, attributed to the stability of resultants from the former. The optimum reaction conditions for phenolic hydroxyl groups with vinyl sulfone reactive dyes and monochlorotriazine reactive dyes were at 50–70 °C and pH=8–9 for the former, and at 85–95 °C and pH=8–9 for the latter. The methods and results in this paper would help to deeply study the reaction mechanisms of reactive dyes with silk fibroin.