Boron nutrition for improving the quality of diverse canola cultivars

Abstract

Canola (Brassica napus L.), is the most important oilseed crop due to high oil contents and low concentration of erucic acid and glucosinolates. In Pakistan, oil seed production is not sufficient to fulfill the needs of the country. Thus, the planned experiment was aimed to evaluate the performance of different canola cultivars i.e. Faisal Canola, Pakola, PARC Canola hybrid and Rainbow at grown under various soil applied boron (B) levels viz., 0, 1, 2?kg ha^?1 under a rainfed environment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Among the canola cultivars, the maximum seed oil contents were recorded in cultivar ‘Pakola’ whereas, higher linolenic acid and protein were recorded in cultivar ‘Faisal canola’ as compared to other cultivars. A synergistic effect was found between various levels of B and quality parameters of the canola seed; as higher concentration of oil contents were found when B was applied 2?kg ha^?1. Conversely the linolenic acid showed the antagonistic behavior with the various B levels. On the other hand, protein contents, oleic acid and erucic acid revealed non-significant differences under different B application rates. In conclusion, the cultivar ‘Pakola’ provided the highest oil content when the B was applied at 2?kg ha^?1; the low concentration of unsaturated fatty acid was observed in ‘PARC canola’ cultivar in the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan.     

红外增温对库尔勒香梨越冬期树干形成层主要生理参数的影响

为了探讨越冬期树干形成层温度变化对形成层组织生理参数的影响,以库尔勒香梨为实验材料,在太阳辐射和气温达到日最大值的时间段,利用控温红外灯将实验组树干阳面形成层温度分别增温达到16℃、19℃、22%、25℃、28℃、31℃、34℃,采用热电偶温度传感器同时连续监测形成层温度并结合主要生理参数的变化,分析越冬期间树干形成层温度变化引起的融冻交替对树干组织主要生理参数的影响。结果表明,增温达到最大阳面形成层温度日较差的处理条件下,SOD、POD和CAT活性比对照分别降低了83.60%、84.62%、47.56%,相对电导率和可溶性蛋白含量分别升高了41.46%、46.81%;生理指标和形成层温度均呈负相关,其中CAT、可溶性蛋白和相对电导率呈显著性负相关。形成层温度日较差或融冻交替幅度与各生理参数均呈负相关,其中CAT、可溶性蛋白和相对电导率呈显著性负相关。保护酶系中,SOD对形成层温度变化最为敏感;虽然POD保护作用稍微迟钝,但在较强烈的形成层温度变化的条件下起到最好的保护作用;在形成层温度强烈波动的情况下,CAT保持最小变化幅度;可溶性蛋白通过调节渗透势,减轻细胞伤害程度。     

Optimizing the NPK application in white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) under an arid climate in Punjab,Pakistan

The production of oil from the conventional oilseed seed crops (viz. mustard, rapeseed) is not sufficient to meet the demands of Pakistani people. Due to this reason, a surplus quantity of oil is imported every year from different countries to fulfill the domestic demands of the cooking oil. This 2-year study was aimed to optimize the dose of NPK for profitable production of white mustard. Nitrogen (0, 60, 90?kg ha^?1), phosphorous (0, 30, 60?kg ha^?1) and potassium (0, 75, 100?kg ha^?1) were applied in various combinations. The results indicated that highest seed yield and profitability was recorded with NPK at 90–60–100?kg ha^?1, which was attributed to improvement in crop growth. In crux, application of NPK at pre-optimized rate might be a viable option to improve the growth, yield, oil quality, and economics of white mustard production under arid climates in Pakistan. According to the results, a balanced use of NPK fertilization is a key management strategy for white mustard growing farmers of arid region.     

The Effect of Partial Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Fermented Prawn Waste Liquor on Juvenile Sea Bass Growth

A feeding trial was conducted for 49 days to evaluate the effect of partially substituting fishmeal with fermented prawn waste liquor (FPWL) in juvenile sea bass diets at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total diet. Growth performance of sea bass from 16 g up to 40 g fed with FPWL-supplemented diet was not significantly different from the all fishmeal control diet. The most cost-effective diet included FPWL at 30%, with weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of 180%, 1.78%, and 1.2% respectively.     

Localization of the antigenic sites of newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid using a panel of monoclonal antibodies

A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant NP protein. Western Blot analysis showed that all the mAbs recognized linearized NP epitopes. Three different NP antigenic sites were identified using deleted truncated NP mutants purified from Escherichia coli. One of the antigenic sites was located at the C-terminal end (residues 441 to 489) of the NP protein. Two other antigenic sites were located within the N-terminal end (residues 26-121 and 122-375). This study demonstrates that the N- and C-terminal ends of the NP proteins are responsible in eliciting immune response, thus it is most likely that these ends are exposed on the NP.