粒径对平菇栽培用玉米芯发酵料代谢物的影响

为了解玉米芯粒径对平菇栽培用发酵料中代谢物的影响,采用代谢组学技术分析添加不同粒径玉米芯的发酵料中微生物代谢物及其代谢通路。结果表明,添加小粒径玉米芯(D₅₀=0.5 cm)和大粒径玉米芯(D₅₀=1.5 cm)的发酵料中微生物代谢物差异显著。在正离子(POS)和负离子(NEG)模式下分别筛选得到464种和201种差异代谢物,包括芳香族化合物、氨基酸、糖及醇类、脂质、生物碱等。差异代谢物分别富集到90条(POS模式)和94条(NEG模式)代谢通路,差异显著的有2条,分别为源自鸟氨酸、赖氨酸、烟酸生物合成生物碱和组氨酸代谢。说明不同粒径玉米芯发酵料中微生物代谢物具有显著差异,为发酵料栽培平菇原料选择提供了理论依据。     

我国黄瓜抗病品种选育技术研究进展

黄瓜在我国蔬菜产业中占有重要地位,然而连片种植、重茬栽培等条件下容易滋生病菌,尤其是随着我国保护地蔬菜生产规模的扩大,棚室内的温湿度条件更利于病害的发生与流行,黄瓜生产上面临着严重的病虫害威胁,包括生理性病害、感染性病害及虫害等。本文从抗病品种选育的角度分析了黄瓜病害抗病品种选育技术,并简要介绍了其他防治方法,展望了相关研究的发展方向,为黄瓜病虫害的防治提供参考。     

5种生物制剂对马铃薯种薯萌芽、极端天气下植株生长和产量性状的影响

旨在满足马铃薯生产中茬口衔接、机械化生产技术应用、不利气候下稳产等对马铃薯出苗早、齐、壮的需求,以‘费乌瑞它’为供试品种,用基于有益活菌或工程菌提取物的5种生物制剂进行种薯处理,对多重性状进行了对比分析。5种生物制剂较常规化学制剂,均能够不同程度地促进种薯萌芽和芽根同生,出苗期提前2~7天,播种后49天的出苗率提高3.33%~17.78%。其中,表现最好的为酵母核苷酸衍生物和VDAL,种薯萌发和生根均显著高于对照。霜冻后,生物剂拌种处理在恢复前期促进植株生长,由此促进恢复后期的块茎发育,较常规化学处理增产8.39%~24.03%,体现了不同程度的保产效果。多马道黑、酵母核苷酸衍生物、根肽和VDAL体现出较好的保产效果,可作为种薯处理剂投入马铃薯生产。     

农业科研院所开展农民教育培育的优势与作用——以石家庄市农林科学研究院为例

以石家庄市农林科学研究院为例,重点分析了农业科研单位在农民教育培育中的科研基地优势、人才优势、科技服务优势,以及在新型职业农民队伍的培养、农业科研成果转化、农业技术推广、农民科技知识的更新等方面的作用.     

基于SOA的水轮机调速系统PID参数优化

针对现有优化方法复杂、易陷入局部最优等问题,为水轮机调速系统提出了一种基于人群搜索算法的比例-积分-微分控制参数优化方法.为验证该算法的可行性,建立了水轮机调速系统非线性模型,选取水轮发电机组转速偏差的积分时间绝对误差指标作为目标函数进行优化.为验证优化结果的有效性,将人群搜索算法的控制效果与参考文献中粒子群算法的控制效果进行了对比分析.仿真结果表明,在5%频率扰动下,人群搜索算法自第29次迭代起已收敛,经其优化的系统能在8秒内趋于稳定,此时系统的超调量为1.6%;在10%负荷扰动下,人群搜索算法自第25次迭代起已收敛,其优化效果与粒子群算法优化效果基本相同,两者均在10秒内让系统趋于稳定,但人群搜索算法优化的积分时间绝对误差指标比粒子群算法优化的积分时间绝对误差指标小,表明人群搜索算法具有更好的搜索功能,在一定程度上改善了孤网运行条件下机组的动态性能.     

Expression of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Isoform 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Showing High Antimicrobial Activity

Antimicrobial peptides are a class of proteins with antibacterial functions. In this study, the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 gene (ALFPm3), encoding an antimicrobial peptide from Penaeus monodon with a super activity was expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which would develop a microalga strain that can be used for the antimicrobial peptide production. To construct the expression cluster, namely pH2A-Pm3, the codon optimized ALFPm3 gene was fused with the ble reporter by 2A peptide and inserted into pH124 vector. The glass-bead method was performed to transform pH2A-Pm3 into C. reinhardtii CC-849. In addition to 8 μg/mL zeocin resistance selection, the C. reinhardtii transformants were further confirmed by genomic PCR and RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that the C. reinhardtii-derived ALFPm3 (cALFPm3) was successfully expressed in C. reinhardtii transformants and accounted for 0.35% of the total soluble protein (TSP). Furthermore, the results of antibacterial assay revealed that the cALFPm3 could significantly inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria, including both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria at a concentration of 0.77 μM. Especially, the inhibition could last longer than 24 h, which performed better than ampicillin. Hence, this study successfully developed a transgenic C. reinhardtii strain, which can produce the active ALFPm3 driven from P. monodon, providing a potential strategy to use C. reinhardtii as the cell factory to produce antimicrobial peptides.     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

鄂西北秃杉侧枝扦插试验

为了筛选适合秃杉扦插繁殖的方法,以6～7年生长健壮秃杉的1～2年生侧枝为插穗材料,将5种不同质量浓度的ABT1号生根粉(1000、500、250、100、50 mg·L-1)分别以5个不同处理时间(5、15、30、60、360 min)进行浸泡处理,随后于圃地进行扦插试验,12个月后调查扦插育苗效果.结果表明:不同质量浓度、不同处理时间的扦插效果有显著差异.所有处理中,愈伤组织诱导率最高的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理15 min,其愈伤组织诱导率达83.33％;愈伤组织生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理30 min、质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理5 min,其愈伤组织的直径均达到0.61 cm;生根率最高的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min及使用质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理15 min,其生根率均为46.67％;生根数量最多的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min,平均生根数量为2.43条;根系长度生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min,其平均根长为10.04 cm;苗高生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理5 min,其苗高为7.88 cm;地径生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理5 min,其地径生长量为0.58 cm;新梢生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理30 min,其长度达到3.93 cm.最适宜秃杉扦插繁殖的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min,此时扦插成活率最高,生根数量最多,苗木生长较好.     

鹿肚耳与3种木耳的营养价值评价

综述皱木耳Auricularia delicata新品种"鹿肚耳"的形态特征和食用特点,测定其与黑木耳、毛木耳、毛木耳白色变种"玉木耳"人工栽培子实体的基本营养成分、矿质元素含量和氨基酸组成,评价其营养价值。结果表明:鹿肚耳热量235 kJ/100g、蛋白质7.21 g/100g、脂肪1.5 g/100g、碳水化合物48.4 g/100g、总膳食纤维29.3g/100g,含有5种常量元素、5种必需微量元素,其中,硒元素含量是黑木耳的4.6倍;含有人体所需的8种必需氨基酸,氨基酸化学评分(CS)和氨基酸评分(ASS)分别为12和18.86,色氨酸为其限制性氨基酸;蛋白质综合评价低于其他3种木耳。     

非洲猪瘟防控的经验和误区

自从2018年8月我国报告首例非洲猪瘟疫情以来，经过3年多的艰难探索，我们面对非洲猪瘟疫情从最初的恐惧和束手无策，到现在的精准清除和“与狼共舞”，疫情防控从被动应对进入到常态化管理和无疫小区建设阶段；非洲猪瘟可防可控的预测得到了实践证明。但是由于我国幅员辽阔，养猪模式多样，疫情防控水平参差不齐；非洲猪瘟疫情零星散发的风险持续存在。下面就我们的观察和调查，对近年来非洲猪瘟防控上的一些经验和误区进行简要分析。