基于超星学习通的混合式教学模式应用研究——以发酵工程课程为例

为了提高发酵工程课程的教学质量和教学效果,针对发酵工程课程的内容和特点,将互联网+技术与教学相结合,进行了基于超星学习通平台的混合式线上线下教学方式的改革,结果表明:在增强了学生自主学习能力的同时,也促进了教师的自我提升。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> Cross-linked Chitosan Composite Superfine Fiber via Electrospinning and Thermal Treatment for Supporting Palladium Catalyst

Uniform chitosan fibers (CS/PEO) with diameter of 398±76 nm were prepared by electrospinning with merely 5 wt.% of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loading, and then annealed at elevated temperature without the use of additional crosslinker to improve the thermostability and solvent resistance. Swelling test shows that the CS/PEO composite fibers annealed at 200 oC were stable in 50 wt.% acetic acid aqueous solution. The mechanical strength test shows that the annealing temperature can affect the tensile strength of CS/PEO composite fiber mat. The cross-linked CS/PEO composite fibers provide a useful platform for the immobilization of palladium catalyst to catalyze the Mizoroki-Heck reactions of aromatic halides with olefins. Moreover, these CS/PEO composite fibers could be post modified with special ligands to chelate palladium species efficiently to further improve the catalytic activity and stability.     

基于植被供水指数的藏北地区土壤湿度反演研究

【目的】利用光学遥感数据获取的植被供水指数来反演西藏那曲地区的土壤湿度,结合高分辨率的遥感数据(GF-1)和中低分辨率的遥感数据(Landsat、MODIS)分别建立土壤湿度反演模型,通过比较不同空间尺度反演模型的精度和适用性,拓宽国产高分遥感数据在农牧业信息定量获取等方面的应用范围,为"天地网一体化"的现代农业信息获取和农情信息遥感监测提供理论基础。【方法】以西藏那曲地区为研究区,以代表高、中、低分辨率卫星数据的高分一号(GF-1)、Landsat-8及MODIS影像数据和土壤湿度实测数据为数据源,利用植被供水指数(Vegetation Supply Water Index,VSWI)构建土壤湿度反演模型,比较3种遥感影像在反演土壤湿度方面的差异。【结果】(1)VSWI反演土壤湿度的最佳深度为10 cm左右;(2)基于GF-1、Landsat-8和MODIS构建的反演模型得到的土壤湿度预测值与实测值的均方根误差分别为5.145、5.227和6.298,可见GF-1和Landsat-8的反演效果相当,均优于MODIS的反演效果;GF-1土壤反演模型的拟合效果最佳;(3)研究区土壤湿度在空间上呈东南向西北递减的趋势,与实地采样点的土壤湿度分布趋势一致,说明利用高分辨率遥感数据监测土壤湿度是可行的。【结论】利用GF-1遥感数据和植被供水指数可以实现对藏北地区的土壤湿度反演,研究结果可以为干旱或者半干旱地区大范围的土壤墒情监测提供理论依据和实践参考。     

Reproductive characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnocypris firmispinatus</Emphasis> in the Anning River,China

The reproductive characteristics of Gymnocypris firmispinatus were determined from 582 individuals collected in the Anning River, China. The sex ratio (male: female) was 1:1 for the overall population but 3.1:1 for the mature group. Females reached a larger total length and total weight (242 mm and 148.17 g) than males (163 mm and 41.58 g). Lengths and ages at maturity were estimated to be 83.4 mm and 2.4 years for males, 130.7 mm and 5.9 years for females, respectively. Based on the analyses of gonad development and the size distribution of oocytes, G. firmispinatus spawned from March to May with high degree of the spawning synchronicity. The opposite tendency between gonado-somatic index and hepato-somatic index from January to March in females indicated that the energy requirement for the oocytes growth may be derived from the liver. In addition, the estimated mean fecundity and mean relative fecundity were 1227 and 29.7 eggs per g total weight. The fecundity of G. firmispinatus increased linearly with increasing of total length, total weight and ovary weight. This study provides details about the reproduction suggesting that G. firmispinatus might be especially vulnerable to exploitation in the Anning River.     

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of two formulations of hydroxyethyl starch in healthy horses

A lower molecular weight and molar substitution formulation (130/0.4) of hydroxyethyl starch solution has been shown to have a more sustained effect on COP and similar hemodynamic effects as a higher molecular weight and molar substitution formulation (600/0.75) in healthy horses. In humans, these pharmacodynamic characteristics are coupled with more rapid clearance and decreased adverse coagulation effects and accumulation. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the pharmacokinetics of these two formulations in horses. Eight healthy horses were given a 10 mL/kg bolus of each formulation (600/0.75 and 130/0.4) of hydroxyethyl starch solution in a randomized crossover design. Blood was collected, and plasma was harvested for plasma levels over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters for each horse were estimated from a noncompartmental analysis. Treatment with 600/0.75 resulted in a higher initial plasma concentration (C₀), systemic half‐life (t_1/2), and overall drug exposure (AUC_0–inf) in addition to decreased elimination rate (β), volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance (CL), compared to treatment with 130/0.4 (P < 0.001). The pharmacokinetic findings combined with previous pharmacodynamics findings suggest that 130/0.4 can provide similar benefits to 600/0.75 with a lower risk of accumulation in the circulation.     

Magnetic removal/immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils using a magnetic microparticle solid chelator and its effect on rice cultivation

Purpose

Magnetic removal techniques using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents have been frequently tested for use in the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution, but seldom in farmland soil. Here, a novel magnetic microparticle solid chelator (MSC) was employed as the adsorbent for magnetic removal and/or immobilization of Cd and Zn in a paddy soil (PS), an upland soil (US), and a paddy–upland rotation soil (RS) with different degrees of pollution.

Materials and methods

MSC was applied to 14 kg air-dried soil samples (PS, US, and RS) at the dosage of 1% (w/w), and then watered, and intermittently stirred. Finally, the MSC–metal complexes were retrieved using a magnetic device (MCR treatment) or not (MC treatment), and the removal efficiency of soil Cd and Zn in MCR treatment was evaluated. After magnetic separation of MSC–metal complexes, pot experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of the magnetic remediation process on rice growth, the phytoavailability of soil Cd and Zn, and the accumulation of Cd and Zn in rice plants.

Results and discussion

The MCR treatment exhibited recovery rates of 55.4%, 49.6%, and 19.0% for MSC–metal complexes in PS, US, and RS, respectively, which brought about removal efficiencies of 2.2–12.2% for Cd and 1.9–4.6% for Zn. The MC and MCR treatments substantially decreased the availability of soil Cd, but not soil Zn; this effect was more remarkable when using CaCl₂ instead of DTPA as the extractant for determination of bioavailable metals. Furthermore, the CaCl₂-extractable Cd and Zn had a more significant relationship with Cd and Zn concentrations in rice roots. The MC and MCR treatments led to dramatic reductions in rice grain Cd of 23.9–72.1% and 37.3–63.9%, respectively, in the three soils relative to the respective controls. The MC and MCR treatments also exhibited an inhibitory effects on rice grain Zn accumulation in US (10.6% and 4.3% decreases, respectively) and RS (9.3% and 19.5% decreases, respectively), but not in PS. Moreover, the grain yield was unaffected under the MCR treatment in the three soils, and significantly increased by 29.8% under the MC treatment in US.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that MSC-based magnetic remediation technique can effectively immobilize and/or remove Cd and Zn in farmland soils, decreasing their uptake by rice plants, with no adverse effects on grain yield.

     

江西省棉花科技发展40年

主要从棉花种植面积、总产、单产水平、品种改良、栽培技术创新、获奖成果、基地建设等方面，总结了1978年至2017年江西省棉花科技发展情况，以期为科技工作者提供参考。     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

自毒物质对羟基苯甲酸降解细菌ZH2的分离与应用

自毒物质是造成植物连作障碍的主要因子,研究旨在筛选能够降解土壤中自毒物质的细菌。采用选择性分离方法从土壤中筛选自毒物质对羟基苯甲酸降解菌;结合形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA测序鉴定菌种;采用紫外分光光度法测定菌株降解对羟基苯甲酸能力,并通过盆栽实验验证解毒效果。结果表明,分离到1株有降解对羟基苯甲酸能力的菌株,编号ZH2,经鉴定为绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)。在纯培养条件下,当对羟基苯甲酸浓度为5 mg/mL时,ZH2能在培养72 h时将其降解97%。盆栽条件下,当基质中对羟基苯甲酸浓度为10 mg/g时,ZH2能有效缓解对羟基苯甲酸对黄瓜的生长抑制作用。该研究从土壤中分离到能够降解对羟基苯甲酸的绿针假单胞菌,具有应用于连作障碍防控的潜在价值。     

西葫芦新品种‘京葫36’的选育

‘京葫36’是北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心育成的耐寒、适宜长季节栽培的越冬温室专用西葫芦杂交1代新品种,父母本分别为‘07754’和‘0421’。该品种长势旺盛、生长期长、耐低温弱光、株型合理、通风透光性好;低温弱光条件下连续结瓜能力强,瓜码密、产量高,采瓜期可达200 d以上;商品瓜长23~24 cm,粗6~7 cm,瓜条长柱形、粗细均匀,颜色翠绿,光泽度好,品质佳,商品性突出。适合北方越冬温室与春秋大棚种植。2014年5月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会认定;2017年获得植物新品种权保护。