青冈栎林分空间结构对林下更新的影响

林分空间结构会显著影响其林下幼树更新。为明确其影响林下幼树更新的关键因子,以湖南省青羊湖国有林场青冈栎林天然次生林为研究对象,测量幼树株数密度、树高、地径和冠幅,计算混交度、大小比数、开敞度指数以及聚集指数代表林分空间结构,评价林下幼树更新情况,并用灰色关联度分析方法探究两者间的相关关系。结果表明,青羊湖国有林场13块青冈栎林样地林下更新幼树有6种,分属于4科5属,分别是青冈栎、苦槠、多脉青冈、南酸枣、黄檀、马尾松,青冈栎在更新幼树中占明显优势,是优势树种,幼树重要值为63.09%。青冈栎林各林分空间结构指数与林下更新指数均大于0.5,关联度较高,综合所有林分空间结构指数对林下更新指数关联度的均值来看,对林下更新的影响由大到小为大小比数>开敞度>聚集指数>混交度,大小比数对青冈栎林下更新影响最为显著。在促进青冈栎天然次生林林下更新时,应以调整林木大小分化程度为主,综合考虑林木空间分布格局的调整方案。     

基于应用型人才培养教学中思政教育的融入策略实施

思政教育是高职院校教学的重点内容,对学生的思想、行为会产生直接影响,同时与工匠精神存在紧密关系,需要对其予以融合。为了提升高职机械类专业教学的质量,引入思政教育极为重要,其在推动学生全面发展方面也发挥出了重要作用。基于此,主要以机械基础类专业教学为例,分析了高职机械类专业课程与思政教育的联系为切入点。同时,通过调整教学思路与路径,结合机械发展史展开思政教育,引入大国重器实际研发案例,落实全面评价这些思政教育的融入策略。     

“四念四化”构建校企合作育人模式的探索与实践——以内蒙古商贸职业学院食品加工技术专业为例

食品加工技术专业是典型的应用型专业,人才培养目标是应用型高技能人才,其培养目标的关键是强化实践教学,搭建好校企合作平台,从而达到实践育人、协同育人的目的。内蒙古商贸职业学院食品加工技术专业以选择具有管理水平一流、生产工艺先进、研发能力领先的食品制造类高端企业,通过引企入校、工学交替、理实一体教学提高了学生的培养质量,同时创新形成了“四念四化”的教育教学模式。     

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

加强农业建设项目监管的对策建议∗ ——以中国热带农业科学院为例

文章介绍了农业科研院所基本建设项目管理的现状，并指出农业建设项目监管中存在管理制度建设不完善、建设项目实施管理不规范、管理队伍专业化程度不高等问题。该文指出建设单位要通过完善农业建设管理制度、强化农业建设项目的实施管理、提升管理队伍能力建设等举措，加强农业基本建设项目监管，全面强化在建项目法律风险防控。     

黄淮海旱作区土壤压实度空间分布特征及其影响因素

为探究旱作区农田不同层次土壤压实度特征,基于2017年采集的255个土壤样品,运用Mann-Kendall突变检验法、地统计学和冗余分析等方法,探究黄淮海旱作区耕作层和压实层空间分布特征,分析不同层次的土壤压实度的空间变异特性及影响因素,并提出了最佳土壤压实度范围。研究结果表明:旱作区耕作层和压实层厚度均呈现由北向南递增的趋势,耕作层最大厚度可达22.50 cm,最低仅有10.21 cm;压实层厚度最大可达17.50 cm,最小值也达到7.50 cm。从不同层次来看,耕作层和压实层的压实度具有空间分布一致性,耕作层压实度高值区主要分布在河南省东部、安徽北部及河北北部地区,最大值可达87.68%以上,低值区则主要集中在山东西北部以及河北南部地区。和压实层压实度相比,耕作层压实度是影响粮食产量的主要因素,且在70%～80%时获得较高产量。分析表明,土壤压实度受到年降水量、平均气温、土壤自然属性等环境因子和机械耕作等人为因素综合作用的影响。研究结果可为黄淮海农田土壤压实情况的改善及管理措施的科学制定提供理论支撑。     

国际发展项目评估比较分析及其对亚太森林组织的启示

亚太森林组织是亚太地区最具活力和影响力的涉林国际组织之一,完善亚太森林组织评估体系是当前的重点工作。文中在总结国际发展项目评估主要理论框架和方法的基础上,分析比较7个具有代表性的国际组织和发展援助机构的评估管理构架、评估政策与实践方面的特点,以及各机构评估体系的共性和差异。结果发现,各机构评估体系特点与其机构性质,管理架构,项目和活动类型、规模等因素密切相关。借鉴成熟国际组织评估管理的成功经验和做法,结合亚太森林组织评估工作现状和问题,提出完善亚太森林组织评估体系的思考和建议。     

Relationships Among the Feeding Behaviors of a Mirid Bug on Cotton Leaves of Different Ages and Plant Biochemical Substances

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.