槐叶萍生物体微量元素含量特征研究

为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。     

墨脱县农田土壤养分现状与分布特征

本研究利用2017年墨脱县农田测土配方项目土壤调查数据,运用地统计学方法研究了墨脱县耕层土壤有机质(SOM)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)养分含量现状及分布特征,以期为墨脱县耕地土壤科学合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:当前墨脱全县土壤SOM、AN、AP和AK平均含量为89.18 g/kg、201.25 mg/kg、11.23 mg/kg、313.17 mg/kg;90%的土壤样本有机质含量处于丰富水平;83%的土壤样本碱解氮含量处于丰富、稍丰等级;84%的土壤样本速效磷含量在中等及中等以下肥力水平;46%的土壤样本速效钾含量处于中等及以下水平。从空间分布来看,土壤SOM、AK总体上呈现西高东低,AN含量由北至南呈升高趋势,土壤AP整体上没有明显的空间变化规律。墨脱县耕地土壤养分整体表现为有机质含量丰富,氮素养分较丰富,磷素养分缺乏现象普遍,钾素养分部分区域缺乏。为提升墨脱县耕地土壤肥力水平,各乡镇应该因地制宜进行土壤培肥。     

基于多元线性回归的开发井绝对无阻流量预测

对于新钻开发井,气井绝对无阻流量的大小是决定新钻井能否实施的关键指标,所以准确、快捷地预测气井绝对无阻流量对于气藏储量动用、提高采收率具有重要意义.目前绝对无阻流量是通过气井投产后采用稳定试井获得,对于未钻的井现场多数采用类比法,但精度低,影响钻井决策.针对绝对无阻流量预测的问题,首先开展了绝对无阻流量影响因素的渗流理论分析以及与实际生产动态特征的相关性分析,以此为基础,利用多元线性回归方法开展了绝对无阻流量与各地质参数的定量关系研究,建立了新钻开发井绝对无阻流量与不同参数的预测模型,并对不同模型进行了统计学检验以及实例检验.结果表明,影响绝对无阻流量的主要因素主要有地层系数(kh)、地层压力(pe)、孔隙度(φ)、动态储量等,各因变量之间不存在共线性,建立的4种模型中以kh、pe两个参数建立的预测模型在对新钻开发井的实际预测中精度较高,预测模型中需要的参数kh、pe在现场生产中也容易获得,计算方法简单快捷,解决了新钻开发井快速预测问题,为新钻开发井是否实施提供了依据,因此,该方法对气藏打开发井、特别是低渗透气藏后期补打开发井的决策中具有一定的实践意义.     

基于知识图谱的燃煤电厂与汞研究态势分析

为追踪燃煤电厂与汞的最新进展和排放控制,基于Web of Science数据来源,使用VOSViewer、CiteSpace软件对比了论文数量时间变化、主题演化路径,主要研究实力分布、高影响力论文等知识图谱进行了比较分析,系统了解到中美两国在该领域研究领先,而近期热点是围绕烟气、减排和有害微量元素。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

明清时期西辽河地区农业开发的动力与制约因素

在辽金元农业开发的基础上,明清时期西辽河地区农业开发取得了很大进步。农业发展有利于维护西辽河地区乃至边疆地区的稳定,良好的农业开发环境促进了西辽河地区经济繁荣。明清两代非常重视农业,大力支持西辽河地区的农业开发,给予西辽河地区农业生产资料,加之其他政策的实行、农业生产技术的传授、高产耐旱粮食作物的栽培和驿站、桥梁的建设等,使西辽河地区的农业开发成果颇丰,至清代更加显著。自然灾害等成为制约农业开发的主要因素。本文在前人研究的基础上,对西辽河地区农业开发的动力与制约因素做出了进一步讨论。     

5个转Bt基因抗虫水稻恢复系的品质配合力分析

使用5个转Bt基因水稻恢复系作为父本,以12个不育系作为母本,根据5×12(NCII)不完全双列杂交设计配制60个组合,分析了这些组合的9个稻米品质性状的配合力及遗传参数.结果表明:精米率主要受基因加性效应的影响,整精米率、垩白粒率、碱消值、胶稠度主要受基因非加性效应互作的影响;除精米率主要受母本影响外,其余8个性状均受双亲交互作用的影响;垩白粒率和垩白度在后代遗传中主要受基因遗传作用的影响,可以在早代直接选择.配合力方差分析结果表明:精米率、垩白度及碱消值受环境因素的影响较大;昌恢891T为一般配合力较好的父本,华1165S为一般配合力较好的母本;原香39A/昌恢891T、泰乡1209A/昌恢T025T、昌盛843A/昌恢T025T为较优的组合,其中原香39A/昌恢891T的特殊配合力的综合评价最好.     

箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对间作和施氮水平的响应

研究不同施氮水平下箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对单作和间作的响应,对于优化栽培措施、提高作物产量具有重要意义。本试验于2017年在甘肃河西绿洲灌溉区进行,重点研究是不同施氮水平下箭筈豌豆、玉米在单作及间作模式中干物质累积、产量构成、产量表现。结果表明,间作箭筈豌豆干物质累积量与单作相比在不施氮(N0)、减量施氮(N1)和常规施氮(N2)处理下分别提高44.0%、36.7%和37.2%;施氮水平间,间作模式下N1比N2和N0提高9.1%和25.5%,单作模式下提高9.4%和32.1%。间作玉米干物质累积量与单作相比在N0、N1和N2处理下分别提高23.3%、22.5%和23.0%;施氮水平间,间作模式下N1比N2和N0提高9.3%和19.8%,单作模式下提高9.9%和20.7%。间作模式下箭筈豌豆豆荚数和玉米穗数较相应单作分别增加7.6%和14.5%,两者的产量较单作分别提高34.9%和27.0%。由通径分析可知,箭筈豌豆产量决定次序是豆荚数>粒重>单荚粒数,玉米产量决定次序是穗数>粒重>穗粒数。间作结合施氮量240 kg/hm²能获得较高干物质积累量和产量,是河西灌溉区玉米间作箭筈豌豆适宜的施氮水平。     

氮肥减施对油菜产量、氮素吸收与利用的影响

控释尿素的应用是氮肥减施的关键技术之一。明确普通尿素与控释尿素减量施用对油菜产量、氮素吸收与利用的影响,为油菜产业绿色发展中的氮肥管理策略提供参考。本研究从2007～2013年度连续6年在长江中游油菜主产区,开展普通尿素和控释尿素不同用量的田间定位试验,共设置7个处理:不施氮(CK)、普通尿素减氮50%(U-50%)、普通尿素减氮30%(U-30%)、普通尿素全量施用(U)、控释尿素减氮50%(CRU-50%)、控释尿素减氮30%(CRU-30%)和控释尿素全量施用(CRU),研究油菜生长、产量与构成、氮素吸收量与利用对普通尿素和控释尿素减量施用的响应与差异。氮肥施用明显改善了油菜的生长状况,全量施用时,普通尿素和控释尿素之间主要以分枝数存在显著差异;当氮肥减施达到50%时,各生长指标降幅达到显著水平。氮肥全量施用时,控释尿素处理平均产量达到2 513 kg/hm~2,与普通尿素之间的相对产量差为6.9%,且随着氮肥的减量施用,两种氮肥之间的产量差逐渐增大。氮肥施用对油菜单株角果数的改变是引起产量差异的主要原因,而每角粒数和千粒重均保持在较为稳定的水平。随着氮肥用量的降低,油菜氮素吸收量呈现显著下降的趋势,最低为不施氮处理(38.2 kg/hm~2);而在同一氮素供应条件下,控释尿素比普通尿素表现出更强的氮素吸收能力。导致控释尿素不同用量间氮素回收效率差异较小(平均变幅为58.2%～66.0%),且高于普通尿素处理。在目前油菜推荐氮肥用量(180 kg/hm~2)的基础上,对于中低土壤供氮田块,普通尿素减量施用可能会引起植株氮素吸收不足和减产的风险,而控释尿素减量30%可维持油菜籽产量和氮肥效率在较高的水平。