Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

油料作物油脂合成调控研究进展

植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料。本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能。本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分子改良和遗传育种提供了理论基础。     

农业劳动力转移的减贫效应分析——基于重庆涪陵的实践检验

【目的/意义】农业劳动力转移的减贫效应尚未得出一致结论,基于对重庆涪陵的实践分析,探讨通过做好政策保障以提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应。【方法/过程】以涪陵区2004-2018年的农业劳动力转移的减贫相关数据为基础,通过运用多元回归法分析涪陵区农业劳动力转移的减贫效应。【结果/结论】结果显示:提升农业劳动生产率有利于增加农民的农业收入和非农收入;缩小城乡收入差距有利于农民减贫;提高人力资本密集度有利于增强农民的挣得能力。要提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应,这就要求:促进农业转移人口的市民化,提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应;提高乡村自治与贫困户自我发展能力,促进农业劳动力转移的减贫动力;完善社会扶贫协作联动机制,为农业劳动力转移提供制度保障。     

乡村振兴战略背景下江西省设施蔬菜发展问题与对策

为加快乡村振兴战略背景下江西省设施蔬菜产业发展,实现设施蔬菜增产增效,以江西省乐平、永丰、高安、崇仁、瑞金和樟树等6个农业大县(市)为例,分析了江西省设施蔬菜的发展现状和存在问题,并提出了科学把握发展方向、积极壮大投资主体等5个方面的对策建议,以期为当地设施蔬菜发展提供新的依据与参考。     

Intensive organic vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated management

Intensive vegetable production in greenhouses has rapidly expanded in China since the 1990s and increased to 1.3 million ha of farmland by 2016, which is the highest in the world. We conducted an 11‐year greenhouse vegetable production experiment from 2002 to 2013 to observe soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under three management systems, i.e., conventional (CON), integrated (ING), and intensive organic (ORG) farming. Soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) were collected in 2002 and 2013 and separated into four particle‐size fractions, i.e., coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (250–53 µm), silt (53–2 µm), and clay (< 2 µm). The SOC contents and δ¹³C values of the whole soil and the four particle‐size fractions were analyzed. After 11 years of vegetable farming, ORG and ING significantly increased SOC stocks (0–20 cm) by 4008 ± 36.6 and 2880 ± 365 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, respectively, 8.1‐ and 5.8‐times that of CON (494 ± 42.6 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). The SOC stock increase in ORG at 20–40 cm depth was 245 ± 66.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, significantly higher than in ING (66 ± 13.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1) and CON (109 ± 44.8 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). Analyses of ¹³C revealed a significant increase in newly produced SOC in both soil layers in ORG. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (CE: increased organic carbon in soil divided by organic carbon input) was lower in ORG (14.4%–21.7%) than in ING (18.2%–27.4%). Among the four particle‐sizes in the 0–20 cm layer, the silt fraction exhibited the largest proportion of increase in SOC content (57.8% and 55.4% of the SOC increase in ORG and ING, respectively). A similar trend was detected in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Over all, intensive organic (ORG) vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated (ING) management.     

北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚测度实证研究

以北京蔬菜专业村为研究对象,选取2012—2018年北京蔬菜专业村及蔬菜产业相关数据,运用区位商指数测算方法,从时间和空间两个层面对北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚度进行测算;运用集中度指数测算方法,从专业村主导产业总产值和从业农户数两方面对集聚度进行测算。结果显示,北京市蔬菜专业村出现了集聚现象,但存在不稳定上下波动的问题,顺义区、通州区和平谷区总体集聚程度较高,并保持稳定集聚状态,集聚区域主要集中在顺义区和房山区。研究建议完善蔬菜专业村基础设施建设,打造蔬菜专业村区域品牌效应,发挥蔬菜示范村辐射带动作用,推进专业镇、基地及园区建设。     

蔬菜废弃物资源化利用的技术路径与建议

蔬菜废弃物产生量巨大,推动蔬菜废弃物的资源化利用对于实现农业绿色发展具有重要意义。由蔬菜废弃物的特点决定,多数的处理技术集中于肥料化应用。该研究重点分析了当前较为典型的蔬菜废弃物资源化利用的技术路径以及技术推广的可行性,并从技术集成创新、新装备研发、政策支持和社会化服务4个方面提出加快蔬菜废弃物资源化利用的建议。     

华南地区主要蔬菜磷钾肥料利用率研究现状

总结了近年来在华南地区主要蔬菜生产区进行的田间试验结果,分析了施磷钾肥对叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜产量和养分吸收的影响,以及目前条件下华南地区蔬菜磷钾肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料表观利用率、生理利用率、肥料贡献率和地力贡献率。结果表明,叶菜、瓜类和豆类蔬菜施用磷钾肥均能促进蔬菜产量的增加和磷钾养分的吸收。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜磷肥偏生产力分别为781.9 kg/kg、257.6 kg/kg、211.9 kg/kg,农学效率为30.5 kg/kg、64.1 kg/kg、23.1 kg/kg,表观利用率为17.2%、9.7%、6.1%,生理利用率为222.3 kg/kg、370.6 kg/kg、292.7kg/kg,肥料贡献率为16.4 %、19.4%、12.9%,地力贡献率为83.6 %、80.4%、87.1%。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜钾肥偏生产力分别为298.8 kg/kg、164.3 kg/kg、165.8 kg/kg,农学效率为29.5 kg/kg、39.5 kg/kg、25.8 kg/kg,表观利用率为24.8%、24.3%、13.0%,生理利用率为152.3 kg/kg、218.6 kg/kg、229.1kg/kg,肥料贡献率为13.8 %、21.6%、17.4%,地力贡献率为86.2 %、78.3%、82.6%。分析肥料利用率分布频率可以看出,磷肥表观利用率＜20%的试验样本和钾肥表观利用率＜30%的试验样本均占总样本的80%以上,表明目前试验条件下各类蔬菜的磷钾肥利用率较低,生产上需同时解决蔬菜产量及肥料利用效率提高的问题。     

无公害蔬菜种植技术及病虫害防治措施分析

本文主要围绕无公害蔬菜种植技术及病虫害防治措施展开分析和论述，首先介绍无公害蔬 菜的种植，然后分析无公害蔬菜的相关种植技术，最后提出无公害蔬菜在种植过程当中一些病虫害防 治的措施。     

蔬菜洪涝灾后田间管理主要技术措施及对策

持续大到暴雨导致蔬菜田块遭受水淹,易造成涝灾、渍害,田间湿度大,病害多发,落花、落果较多,出现沤根、烂根、死棵、绝收现象。为搞好生产救灾,将灾害损失降至最低,针对洪涝灾害影响、灾后田间管理、灾后恢复生产等方面阐述了蔬菜灾后生产技术措施,对不同受灾程度的田块提出了清沟沥水、及时追肥、抢收抢种和加强病虫害防治等田间管理技术对策。