Food sources,digestive efficiency and resource allocation in the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): Insights from pigments and fatty acids

Various research projects in Europe and North Africa have recently intended to breed temperate holothurians to alleviate fishing pressure on natural populations. However, to date little is known about the nutritional requirements of East Atlantic and Mediterranean species. In this study, we propose a “natural population”‐oriented approach to characterize food sources, digestive efficiency and resources allocation based on the composition of pigments and fatty acids (FA) in gut contents and tissues (muscles, gonads and digestive tract walls) of wild individuals of the species Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali (Delle Chiaje, 1823) sampled in Brittany (France). Our study reveals that neither green nor red algae enter the diet of H. forskali in spring and that the only fresh vegetal material found in gut contents is brown algae (very likely diatoms). The high nutritional quality of gut contents however contrasts with the detrital nature of the ingested food sources, suggesting that a trophic upgrading of organic matter occurs before digestion. In addition, unusual FA (i.e. only present in a few groups of living species) such as long‐chain monounsaturated FA (especially the FA 23:1ω9) were found in large proportions in muscles and gonad and their effect on sea cucumber fitness needs further investigation.     

Liver of the fish Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and nematode larvae infection: Histochemical features and expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen

Histopathological lesions due to third‐larval stage of nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. within the liver of a subpopulation of 31 Gymnotus inaequilabiatus from the Pantanal Region (Brazil) were studied with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In 93.5% of fish, livers harboured nematode larvae and the intensity of infection ranged from 8 to 293. In livers with highest number of larvae, the hepatic tissue was occupied primarily by the nematodes. Each larva was encircled by focal inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Within the thickness of the granuloma, three concentric layers were recognized: an inner layer of densely packed epithelioid cells, a middle layer of mast cells (MCs) entrapped in a thin fibroblast‐connective mesh and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with fibroblasts. Epithelioid cells and fibroblasts within the thickness of the granuloma wall were positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, several hepatocytes in infected liver were immunoreactive to PCNA. Occurrence of rodlet cells and MCs in parenchyma, in close proximity to the encysted nematode larvae and near the blood vessel of infected liver, was observed. Macrophage aggregates (MAs) were numerous within the granulomas and scattered in parenchyma of the infected liver. High quantity of haemosiderin was encountered in MAs and hepatocytes of infected liver.     

干热胁迫对紫花苜蓿形态特征及光合色素含量的影响

以6个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,采用盆栽并放入人工气候箱内干热胁迫处理下研究其土壤相对含水量、叶片长度、宽度、相对高度、绝对高度、茎粗等形态特征和类胡萝卜素、叶绿素含量等方面的变化规律。结果表明,随着干热胁迫的加剧,紫花苜蓿土壤相对含水量、叶片长度、叶片宽度、植株茎粗、叶绿素含量整体呈下降趋势,胁迫第12d与第4d相比,土壤相对含水量下降了64.82%,叶片长度下降了23.85%,叶片宽度下降了23.05%,植株茎粗下降了5.96%,叶绿素含量下降了12.70%;而相对株高、绝对株高、类胡萝卜素含量呈整体上升趋势,胁迫第12d与第4d相比,相对株高上升了1.61%,绝对株高上升了0.72%,类胡萝卜素含量上升了14.63%。各干热胁迫处理与其对照相比,干热胁迫对紫花苜蓿土壤相对含水量、株高、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量影响较为显著(P0.05)。     

腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响

为探究腐殖酸水溶肥、枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响 本研究以抗热605青菜为试验材料,共设计6组施肥试验,分别为CK1(有机肥2.5g/盆)、CK2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆)、T1(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥100倍液)、T2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥200倍液)、T3(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥400倍液)、T4(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥800倍液),研究结过表明:腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上增加基质青菜的株高、叶宽、叶长、冠幅及地上鲜重,其中腐殖酸水溶肥起主导作用,枯草芽孢杆菌作用较为微弱,综合各生长指标考量以T2处理效果最佳。     

Potential use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for pine species discrimination by examination of needles

The correct identification of pine species is necessary for proper application of wood in forest?based industries, since the quality of each species’ wood depends on factors intrinsic to the material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of near?infrared and visible spectroscopy in the discrimination of pine species planted in southern Brazil. Needles of Pinus clausa, P. glabra, P. kesiya, P. oocarpa, P. palustris, P. pseudostrobus, P. rigida, P. roxburghii and P. serotina were collected from experimental plantations located in the region of Rio Negro, Paraná, Brazil. The needles were dried and milled for analysis. The evaluation was performed with a spectral range of 400–750?nm (visible) and 1 000–2 500?nm (near?infrared). Analysis using the visible spectra resulted in two principal components explaining 95% of the variation between the needle samples. In the near?infrared analysis, it was possible to discriminate between all nine pine species studied using only two principal components, where the first explained 99% of the variation between species. Spectroscopy based on needles can be used for pine species discrimination, using the original data without mathematical treatment, in southern Brazil.     

Alteration in important quality traits and antioxidant activities in Brassica oleracea with Ogura cybrid cytoplasm

In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm‐based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5–10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β‐carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13‐85‐2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits.     

辣椒喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料效果试验

以辣椒为试材,喷施不同浓度青岛山姆生物科技有限公司生产的山姆含氨基酸水溶肥料,研究其对辣椒的生长状况及产量的影响.结果表明:喷施该肥料可以改善辣椒生物性状,增产显著,增收明显,回归分析得知,最佳喷施浓度为605倍.     

不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳含量均随着土层深度加深而递减。水溶性碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳占总有机碳的比率分别波动在 0 31%～ 1 18%、0 90 %～ 2 5 1%和 7 0 3%～ 2 9 5 2 %之间 ,其中 ,土壤水溶性碳占总有机碳比率为马尾松林 >常绿阔叶林 >人工杉木林 ,易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率常绿阔叶林明显高于马尾松林和杉木林。不同土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率随剖面从上到下均表明出上升趋势 ,而易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率随剖面加深有规律地下降。土壤有机碳总量与各活性碳之间以及各类活性碳之间相关性均达到极显著水平。     

我国木本植物食用色素资源及其开发利用优势

食用色素系食品和医药工业上广泛使用的一类添加剂，而合成食用色素因在人体内的累积中毒、致癌等严重毒性而被限量或禁止使用，因此开发无毒和无副作用的植物天然色素已成为食用色素开发的主流。本文回顾了木本植物的抗氧化、抗癌、抗辐射、预防疾病等多种重要的医疗保健功能，以及我国近年木本植物天然色素资源的研究成果，并对木本植物天然食用色素开发利用的优势提出了看法。     

茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯制备的水溶性改性胺固化物性能研究

以茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯制备的水溶性改性胺(CA-921)与水性环氧树脂固化,通过热重分析、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、机械性能测试及扫描电镜分析,研究了环氧树脂分散相粒子的粒径和黏度、环氧基与胺氢物质的量之比及固化温度对固化物性能的影响.研究结果表明,黏度及粒径均较小的水性环氧乳液AB-EP-20与固化剂CA-921复配所...