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1.
Marta Tikhomirov Baej Po
niak Andrzej Smutkiewicz Marcin
witaa 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(1):116-120
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TP) after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration was investigated in Mulard ducks. Both antibiotics were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, and their concentrations in plasma samples were assayed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental method. After IV administration, significant differences were found for the mean residence time (2.25 ± 0.21 hr vs. 2.83 ± 0.50 hr for FF and TP, respectively) and the general half‐life (1.56 ± 0.15 hr vs. 1.96 ± 0.35 hr for FF and TP, respectively) indicating slightly slower elimination of TP as compared to FF. The clearance, however, was comparable (0.30 ± 0.07 L/hr/kg for FF and 0.26 ± 0.04 L/hr/kg for TP). The mean volume of distribution was below 0.7 L/kg for both drugs. Pharmacokinetics after PO administration was very similar for FF and TP suggesting minor clinical importance of the differences found in the IV study. Both antimicrobials showed rapid absorption and bioavailability of more than 70% indicating that PO route should be an efficient method of FF and TP administration to ducks under field conditions. 相似文献
2.
甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药代动力学比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用健康家兔经口服给药(剂量为30 mg/kg),研究甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素的药动学规律.以RP-HPLC法测定血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理.家兔单剂量口服给药甲砜霉素和HP-β-CD甲砜霉素血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型.甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.05±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.83±0.02)h,t1/2ke(2.27±0.31)h,T(peak)(1.84±0.12)h,C(max)(6.98±0.95)mg/L,AUC(34.98+0.68)mg/(L·h),F(110.74±0.02)%. HP-β-CD甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.02±0.01)h,t1/2ka(0.91±0.16)h,t1/2ke(0.86 ±0.15)h,T(peak)(0.96±0.07)h,C(max)(8.59±0.55)mg/L,AUC(43.02±0.87)mg/(L·h),F(142.07±0.02)%.HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药动学特征表现为分布广泛,消除迅速;口服给药吸收迅速且完全,生物利用度高. 相似文献
3.
采用乙酸乙酯超声、涡旋提取牛奶中残留的甲砜霉素,正己烷脱脂,C18固相萃取净化,最后进行高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测分析。通过优化实验色谱条件,明显减少了基质的干扰,实现了甲砜霉素的定量分析;而通过空白基质添加标准曲线,则有效消除了基体效应的影响。该方法最低检测限为10μg/kg,其加标水平为10~100μg/kg之间时,加标回收率在69.22%~101.37%之间,线性相关系数(r)均大于0.998,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。可见,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)是一种灵敏、准确的检测牛奶中甲砜霉素残留的分析方法。 相似文献
4.
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
N. Mestorino M. F. Landoni M. Alt J. O. Errecalde 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(4):295-303
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t
1/2) and elimination (t
1/2) half-lives of 6.10±1.39 min and 1.60±0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9±0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79±256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t
1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89±11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t
1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62±1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09±3.42 µg/ml at 2.5±0.32 h.After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2±0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02±1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90±5.24 µg/ml at 23±8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59±6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91±4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37±2.20 µg/ml at 3.4±0.22 h.Abbreviations AUC
area under the concentration-time curve
- CAP
chloramphenicol
-
C
max
peak concentration
- IM
intramuscular
- IV
intravenous
- TAP
thiamphenicol
-
t
1/2
distribution half-life
-
t
1/2
elimination half-life
-
V
c
volume of central compartment
-
V
d
volume of distribution 相似文献
5.
Mohamed Aboubakr Ahmed Soliman 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(5):512-515
Thiamphenicol (TP) pharmacokinetics were studied in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) following a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at 30 mg/kg BW. Concentrations of TP were determined with HPLC and were analyzed by a noncompartmental method. After IV injection, elimination half-life (t1/2λz), total body clearance (Cltot) volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), and mean residence time (MRT) of TP were 3.83 hr, 0.19 L/hr/kg, 0.84 L/kg, and 4.37 hr, respectively. After oral administration of TP, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 19.81 μg/ml and was obtained at 2.00 hr (tmax) postadministration. Elimination half-life (t1/2λz) and mean absorption time (MAT) were 4.01 hr and 1.56 hr, respectively. The systemic bioavailability following oral administration of TP was 78.10%. TP therapy with an oral dosage of 30 mg/kg BW is suggested for a beneficial clinical effect in quails. 相似文献
6.
4日龄AA+肉鸡304只,随机分为4组,分别以0(对照组)、500(Ⅰ组)、1 000(Ⅱ组)1、500(Ⅲ组)mg/kg饲料的甲砜霉素剂量饲喂6周,研究甲砜霉素对肉鸡免疫器官的病理学损害。试验开始后每天观察肉鸡的临床症状,每周称重1次计算平均体质量,分别在第2、4、6周测定红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、免疫器官脏器系数,并取免疫器官作石蜡切片以研究甲砜霉素对肉鸡免疫器官的病理组织学影响。结果显示,对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的死亡率分别为0%、9.21%、64.47%和68.42%;中毒鸡表现为食欲减退、体质量增长缓慢、贫血;法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺脏器系数显著降低,淋巴细胞减少。结果表明,即使以500 mg/kg饲料的甲砜霉素持续饲喂肉鸡,均可对肉鸡的免疫器官结构造成明显损伤,尤其是体液免疫器官,并且这种损伤存在剂量效应关系。 相似文献
7.
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽饲料中氯霉素类药物含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]建立一种畜禽饲料中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,为监控畜禽饲料中违法添加该类药物提供方法指导,保障动物源食品安全.[方法]饲料粉碎后,经碱性乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷除脂,Sep-Pak C18固相萃取柱净化,Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,采用乙腈和水为流动相,并用梯度洗脱来提高对3种药物的分离能力.分别以ds-氯霉素、d3-甲砜霉素和d3-氟苯尼考为内标,采用负离子多反应监测模式,6个特征离子通道(m/z:321→152,257;354→185,290;356→185,336)用于氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的定性和定量检测.[结果]3种氯霉素类药物在1~20 μg·kg-1范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,方法检测限为0.1μg· kg一,定量限为0.3 μg·kg-1.3个加标水平(1、2和5 μg· kg-1)的平均回收率为81.41%~ 112.88%,日内精密度为1.24%~ 12.92%,日间精密度为0.64%~13.09%.[结论]试验结果完全符合氯霉素类药物检测的相关法规要求,适用于畜禽饲料中氯霉素类药物的定性定量检测. 相似文献
8.
采用液相色谱与质谱连用技术(LC-MS),研究了以30 mg/kg(体质量)的药量在单次口灌给药条件下,甲砜霉素在松浦镜鲤Cynipus carpio L.体内的药物代谢动力学.试验水温为(20±0.2)℃,试验鲤(1+龄)体质量为(84.84±17.45)g.在给药后0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00、1.50、2.00、4.00、6.00、8.00、12.00、24.00、36.00、48.00、72.00 h采集鲤的肌肉、血浆、肝胰脏和肾脏,测定各组织中甲砜霉素的浓度,用药动学3P97软件进行数据分析和处理.结果表明,甲砜霉素在鲤体内吸收分布迅速,符合一级吸收二室开放模型,但消除缓慢.甲砜霉素在鲤血浆、肝胰脏、肾脏和肌肉中的主要药代动力学参数如下:消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为77.292、24.625、79.966、25.600 h;分布半衰期(T1/2α)分别为7.317、0.454、7.409、1.376 h;药时曲线下总面积(AUC)分别为782.641 μg/(mL·h)、544.756μg/(g·h)、3 616.060 μg/(g·h)和158.634 μg/(g·h).鉴于甲砜霉素在鲤血浆和肾脏中的消除半衰期长,消除缓慢,建议使用该类药物时应相对延长给药间隔时间. 相似文献
9.
研究确立了蜂蜜中甲砜霉素残留的高效液相色谱检测的方法。样品经碱性乙酸乙酯提取,旋转蒸发进行浓缩,C18固相萃取柱萃取净化,在225 nm波长下用紫外检测器进行检测。通过前处理条件的优化大大减少了基质的干扰,甲砜霉素的最低检测限达到30μg.kg-1,低于中华人民共和国行业标准SN 0199-93中规定的50μg.kg-1;平均回收率在71.3%~90.9%之间,变异系数为2.0%~3.4%。该方法精密度和重现性良好,适用于蜂蜜中甲砜霉素的检测。 相似文献
10.
氟甲砜霉素对实验性鸡巴氏杆菌病的药效研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以两倍稀释法测定氟甲砜霉素及甲砜霉素对鸡巴氏杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.25μg/mL和1.25μg/mL。按10,20和30mg/kg的氟甲砜霉素及30mg/kg的甲砜霉素分别给实验性巴氏杆菌病患鸡肌注,每天给药一次,共5d。药物对鸡巴氏杆菌病的治愈率分别为93.3%,100%,100%和100%,而感染对照组鸡全部死亡。用药组与感染对照组间疗效差异极显著 相似文献