伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片溶出度方法的建立

为了建立同时测定伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片两种主药溶出度的测定方法,采用高效液相色谱法测定在不同pH值溶出介质、不同浓度表面活性剂和不同转速的条件下伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片两种主药的溶出曲线,确定了伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片的溶出方法。结果显示,三批样品45 min时伊维菌素、吡喹酮两种主药的溶出度均大于85%。建立的溶出度测定方法可用于伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片溶出度的测定。     

Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Praziquantel Injection on Buffalo Schistosomiasis

To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of 30% praziquantel injection on buffalo schistosomiasis, the sick buffalos naturally infected with Schistosoma japonicum were selected by miracidium hatching method. In experimental clinical trials, sick buffalos were randomly divided into five groups, high-dose (20 mg/kg), middle-dose (10 mg/kg) and low-dose (5 mg/kg) praziquantel injection groups, praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg) and positive control group. After the treatment of 30 d, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were 100.0%, 100.0%, 77.8% and 85.7%, respectively, in praziquantel injection groups with the high, middle and low dose and oral medication group. In expanded clinical trials, the sick buffalos were randomly divided into two groups, praziquantel injection group (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg). The results showed that, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were all 100% in the former 52 patients and the latter 6 patients after 30 d. The research confirmed that praziquantel injection was significantly effective in the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis and convenient for administration. It was concluded that 30% praziquantel injection could replace the traditional oral praziquantel tablet for the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis, and the recommended dose was 10 mg/kg.     

吡喹酮注射液的含量测定及稳定性研究

本试验旨在建立吡喹酮注射液中吡喹酮含量的测定方法,并考察其稳定性。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定吡喹酮注射液中吡喹酮含量。色谱条件:Diamonsil C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温25℃,流动相为乙腈-水(60:40),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长210 nm,进样量20μL。通过影响因素试验、加速试验及长期稳定性试验考察吡喹酮注射液的稳定性。吡喹酮在6.037~90.555μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R²=0.9993),平均加样回收率为99.24%,RSD为0.77%,吡喹酮注射液的平均含量为标示量的100.3%。在影响因素试验10 d后吡喹酮注射液对高温(60℃)稳定,但对强光照射(4500 lx±500 lx)有一定的敏感性。在加速试验6个月及长期稳定性试验24个月后,吡喹酮注射液的性状、含量等指标均无明显变化。试验结果表明,所建立的含量测定方法简便、可靠、灵敏、重复性好,可用于吡喹酮注射液的质量控制;吡喹酮注射液在室温、避光条件下存放稳定,有效期暂定为2年。     

Efficacy of bath and orally administered praziquantel and fenbendazole against Lepidotrema bidyana Murray,a monogenean parasite of silver perch,Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell)

We investigated the efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) and fenbendazole (FBZ), each administered by bath and orally, against the monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana Murray, a gill parasite of the freshwater fish silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell). PZQ and FBZ were each administered by bath at 10 mg L^?1 for 48 h and on surface‐coated feed pellets at 75 mg kg^?1 per body weight (BW) per day for 6 days. Bath treatments of PZQ and FBZ had an efficacy of 99% and 91%, respectively, against adult L. bidyana. Oral treatments of PZQ and FBZ had an efficacy of 79% and 95%, respectively, against adult L. bidyana. Fish rejected feed pellets surface‐coated with PZQ, suggesting that palatability of surface‐coated PZQ‐medicated feed is poor, which undermined efficacy. In all trials, some juvenile parasites were present on fish after treatment during efficacy assessment, indicating that efficacy may be lower against juvenile parasites or that recruitment occurred post‐treatment, demonstrating that repeat treatments are necessary to effectively control L. bidyana in aquaculture.     

吡喹酮对鲤鱼感染台湾棘带吸虫后期囊幼虫的防治效果

[目的]探讨3种不同药物处理方式对台湾棘带吸虫引起的鲤鱼幼鱼急性鱼鳃传染病(开放性鳃病)的防治效果.[方法]在试验初期,将1620条鲤鱼幼鱼(70日龄)鱼鳃自然感染台湾棘带吸虫,随后分成4组,分别采用CuSO4、福尔马林和吡喹酮不同方式处理6周,与对照(自然喂食、不使用任何化学药剂)比较防治鲤鱼幼鱼急性鳃传染病的效果.[结果]感染台湾棘带吸虫的幼鱼生长缓慢,其身长和体重增长均较慢.施药后,幼鱼台湾棘带吸虫后期囊幼虫感染强度减少.在每千克饲料中分别添加50和75 mg吡喹酮喂食幼鱼5d,可以杀死鱼鳃中所有的台湾棘带吸虫后期囊幼虫,且鱼鳃恢复正常;面使用25 mg吡喹酮,仅有35%的后期囊幼虫死亡.所有不同浓度CuSO4处理(0.3、0.4和0.5mg/kg冲洗浸泡24 h及以3.0、4.0和5.0 mg/kg冲洗浸泡10m)和福尔马林处理(20、25和30 mg/kg冲洗浸泡及200、250和300 mg/kg短时间冲洗浸泡)均不能杀死台湾棘带吸虫后期囊幼虫.[结论]经普通化学药剂CuSO4或福尔马林冲洗浸泡,不能防治由台湾棘带吸虫后期囊幼虫引起的鲤鱼开放性鳃病,但50~75 mg吡喹酮/kg饲料可以在5d内治疗该病.     

黄芪、黄连与柴胡对鲫鱼肝脏药物代谢酶活性及体内吡喹酮代谢的影响

【目的】分析黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)、柴胡(Bupleurum chinensis)和黄连(Coptis chinensis)3种中药对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)体内吡喹酮代谢及CYP1A1和CYP3A活性的影响,明确中西药联合使用的相互作用机制,为健全水产品安全用药体系打下基础。【方法】试验共分8组(A0空白对照组和A1吡喹酮对照组投喂基础饵料,A2~A4组、B2~B4组分别投喂添加有黄芪、柴胡和黄连的饵料),饲喂30 d后,A1~A4组鲫鱼以10 mg/kg剂量单次经口灌服吡喹酮,并在给药后0.25、0.5、1、3、6、12、24、48和96 h于尾静脉采血,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析不同时间点血液中吡喹酮浓度;同时在给药3 h后测定A0~A4组、B2~B4组鲫鱼肝脏中的CYP1A1和CYP3A活性。【结果】A1~A4各组鲫鱼血液中吡喹酮浓度呈先升后降的变化趋势,A1、A2和A3组鲫鱼血液中吡喹酮达峰时间(Tmax)均为1 h,峰值(Cmax)分别为2.71、2.90和3.01 mg/L;A4组鲫鱼血液中吡喹酮达峰时间(Tmax)为3 h,峰值(Cmax)为2.50 mg/L。 A2~A4组鲫鱼血液吡喹酮消除半衰期(t1/2β)与药时曲线下面积(AUC(0-∞))均高于A1组,而总体清除率(CL/F)较A1组明显降低;吡喹酮可显著提高鲫鱼肝脏CYP1A1和CYP3A活性(P<0.05,下同),而黄芪、柴胡和黄连对吡喹酮引起的CYP1A1和CYP3A活性升高具有显著抑制效果。【结论】黄芪、柴胡和黄连虽然能够提高吡喹酮在机体内的生物利用率,却延缓其代谢,致使吡喹酮在鲫鱼体内的残留时间延长,对食品安全造成极大威胁。因此,水产生产上中药与吡喹酮配伍使用时应当慎重。     

吡喹酮和硝硫氰醚对日本血吸虫体内5-HT含量的影响

本文研究了吡喹酮和硝硫氰醚与日本血吸虫拟似神经递质 5-羟色胺间的关系。以吡喹酮 ( 5× 1 0 - 7mol/ L和 5× 1 0 - 8mol/ L )、硝硫氰醚 ( 1 0 - 4mol/ L和 1 0 - 5mol/ L )分别培养日本血吸虫成虫 4h和 8h ,反相离子对高效液相法测定其体内 5-HT的含量变化。结果显示 :吡喹酮和硝硫氰醚对日本血吸虫体内 5-HT等含量的影响与对照相比均无显著性差异。表明二者抗虫作用似不通过影响虫体 5-HT的生物合成和降解。     

复方吡喹酮注射液防治羊脑多头蚴病的试验研究

为了获得复方吡喹酮注射液治疗羊脑多头蚴病的最佳治疗剂量,本试验应用复方吡喹酮注射液30、50、80 mg/kg BW三个剂量组对患羊脑多头蚴病的绵羊进行治疗,设80 mg/kg BW剂量的丙硫咪唑作为药物对照组.试验结果表明,30 mg/kg BW剂量组治愈率较低,为68.97%,不能达到治疗目的;50和80 mg/kg BW剂量对羊脑多头蚴均有很强的驱杀作用,对病羊的治愈率分别为91.84%和92.85%,但两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);高、中剂量组(80、50 mg/kg BW)与低剂量组、药物对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01).50 mg/kg BW剂量为防治羊脑多头蚴病的最佳治疗剂量.     

黄牛静注、肌注和内服吡喹酮的药动学与生物利用度

6头成年健康黄牛按10 mg/kg剂量单次快速静注吡喹酮,另6头成年健康黄牛根据交叉试验设计法按10 mg/kg剂量单次肌注、30 mg/kg剂量内服吡喹酮进行药动学与生物利用度试验.利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中吡喹酮原药的质量浓度,其检测限为25μg/L.房室模型分析表明,静注给药后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,其分布半衰期(t1/2a)、消除半衰期(t1/2β)、表观分布容积(Vd)、总体清除率(ClB)、药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(0.25±0.03)h、(1.28±0.20)h、(2.11±0.38)L/kg、(1.14±0.10)L/(kg·h)和(8.79±0.74)mg/(L·h).肌注的药时数据符合有吸收一室开放模型,主要药动学参数吸收半衰期(t 1/2ka)、消除半衰期(t1/2ke)、药时曲线下面积(AUC)、达峰时间(tmax)、峰浓度(Gmax)和生物利用度(F)分别为(0.40±0.17)h、(4.65±0.91) h、(6.85±1.02)mg/(L·h)、(1.33±0.52)h、(0.83±0.08)mg/L和77.93%.内服给药后符合有吸收一室开放模型,吸收不规则,其药动学参数t 1/2ka、t1/2ke、AUC、tmax、Cmax和F分别为(1.08±0.13)h、(6.81±1.26)h、(8.51±1.78)mg/(L·     

Outbreak of Philophthalmus gralli in four greater rheas (Rhea americana)

Using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, conjunctival biopsy, and morphological identification, a flock of four Greater rheas (Rhea americana) in Arizona were diagnosed with conjunctivitis secondary to Philophthalmus gralli (P. gralli) infection. Aquatic snails from the exhibit’s water source were identified as Melanoides tuberculatus, a known vector for P. gralli. Comparison of partial sequences of DNA regions from P. gralli adults removed from the rheas and metacercariae from the aquatic snails demonstrated a 100% match, confirming the source of infection. The flock was divided into two treatment groups: the most severely affected rheas received both manual removal of trematodes and praziquantel 1% ointment OU q12 h and the least severely affected rheas were only given praziquantel 1% ointment OU q12 h. The rheas were permanently relocated away from the infected water source and aquatic snails. Initial resolution was seen at 17 weeks in the most severely affected rhea, which had 675 adult P. gralli removed and topical praziquantel. The two rheas that only received topical praziquantel showed resolution within 3 and 15 weeks. Current recommendations for treating P. gralli include: manual removal of trematodes, topical praziquantel 1% ointment, and relocation away from infected water sources and aquatic snails.