猪活动区域多孔介质模型及其阻力系数的CFD模拟

旨在尝试将躺卧姿势下的猪体简化成不同几何形状以求取其阻力系数,并分析它们的差异性。本研究采用校核过的CFD模型,模拟探究了简化猪模型、半椭球模型、椭球模型和半圆柱模型4种不同躺卧猪模型对猪群区域在X、Y和Z3个垂直方向上阻力系数的影响,分析了4种模型对猪栏内气流以及压力分布的影响。结果表明,椭球模型的惯性阻力系数相比半椭球模型与半圆柱模型更加接近简化猪模型,其在X、Z和Y方向上的惯性阻力系数与简化猪模型之间的相对误差分别为-4.0%、-12.2%和14.7%,并且气流与压力分布基本一致。因此,采用椭球模型代替简化猪模型进行建模计算不仅能保证准确度还能有效提高计算效率。     

高能湿法球磨制备鱼胶原肽螯合钙及其理化特征

为了拓展胶原肽螯合钙的制备工艺,以鱼胶原肽和CaCl2为原料,以高能湿法球磨的方法制备了鱼胶原肽螯合钙,并采用FT-IR红外图谱、X-衍射、EDS能谱等技术手段对其理化特性和结构进行分析。结果显示,随着球磨时间从15 min延长到240 min,鱼胶原肽的平均粒径逐渐降低,ZETA电位绝对值、分子量和pH值逐渐增加,鱼胶原肽对钙的螯合率逐渐从74.21%增加到85.42%。鱼胶原肽螯合钙与鱼胶原肽的主体化学结构相似,但是球磨后鱼胶原肽的-COO-1 VAS吸收峰(1 643.89 cm~(-1))向短波数方向移动到1 540～1 555 cm~(-1),而-NH2的特征吸收峰(3 313.9 cm~(-1))向长波数方向移动到3 337.12～3 380.59 cm~(-1)。球磨后鱼胶原在2θ=20°处的特征宽吸收峰消失,而在2θ=26、28、48和58°处出现多个尖峰和弥散峰,表明其从无定形结构向兼具结晶和无定形结构转变。鱼胶原肽螯合钙中钙元素比例逐渐增加,证实鱼胶原肽对钙的螯合率增加。研究表明,高能湿法球磨可应用于鱼胶原肽螯合钙的制备,该方法具有加工工艺简单、无污染和螯合率高等优点。     

Retrospect on in vitro androgenesis of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Development of sorghum hybrids can immensely benefit from an enhanced anther culture protocol since the resultant doubled haploids would accelerate, as in other major cereal crops, the attainment of homozygosity and fixation of alleles. Production of the hybrids that have got high yielding, stress tolerance and other traits of industrial significance in a shorter time as compared to the current trend can hence be realized. This review presents the advances that have been made in the development of such a protocol, with closer attention to androgenic induction components of pre-treatment, culture media composition and conditions as well as ploidy determination and eventual chromosome doubling. From the findings of this review, it is clear that further work is desired to ensure a protocol, that to a large degree, breaks the genotype dependency trend that has been widely cited to impede the usability of the tested protocols.     

新媒体环境下农业科技知识传播实证研究——以“农科专家在线”为例

[目的]论文旨在研究新媒体传播特征，积极探索新媒体环境下做好农业科普工作的途径。[方法]基于中国农业科学院的首个官方科普微信公众平台“农科专家在线”的工作实践，通过对后台数据的统计，分析农业科技知识传播特征、总结传播经验。[结果]“农科专家在线”累计净关注人数线性增加，北京市的用户占比数最高20.2%。“农科专家在线”72期的平均图文转化率是64.5%。从文章类别角度看重大热点事件（126.5%）、食品营养类（93.7%）和作物科学类（71.7%）的图文转化率较高。[结论]实践证明选题的新颖性、亲近性、借势性，表达方式科学性、可读性，以及文章标题的趣味性对农业科普知识传播有积极的推动作用。     

丽格海棠的离体快繁研究

组培快繁技术研究结果表明:适宜丽格海棠叶片诱导芽分化的培养基为MS 6 BA0 50mg/L NAA1 00mg/L;适宜丛生芽继代增殖的培养基为MS 6 BA0 25mg/L NAA1 00mg/L;适宜丽格海棠试管苗生根的培养基为1/2MS,其生根率为100%。     

灰木莲容器苗培育基质筛选试验

以松皮粉、黄心土、森林表土、火烧土、泥炭5种基质设置6种配比处理开展灰木莲容器苗培育试验，选用苗高、地径、苗木质量指数、容器基质重量等指标进行苗木质量评定，并依据造林效果进行检验。结果表明：不同处理间的苗高、地径和容器基质重量均达到极显著差异，苗木质量指数亦差异显著；处理3（黄心土50％＋松皮粉25％＋表土25％）的苗木质量和造林效果最好，其次是处理5（黄心土60％＋松皮粉25％＋火烧土15％）和处理4（黄心土50％＋松皮粉50％），处理2（黄心土75％＋泥炭25％）最差；建议生产上添加25％．50％的松皮粉作为灰木莲容器育苗基质。     

Temporal association of potato tuber development with susceptibility to common scab and Streptomyces scabiei‐induced responses in the potato periderm

Using hydroponics and novel non‐destructive pot culture systems which enable inoculation at specific tuber development stages, the dynamics of common scab infection patterns in potato were studied in order to provide more precise identification of tuber physiological factors associated with susceptibility. At the whole‐tuber level, infection percentages were greatest when Streptomyces scabiei inoculation occurred early; at 2 weeks after tuberization (WAT) 68% of tubers became infected, contrasting with late inoculation (8 WAT), when only 4% infection occurred. The first‐formed internodes were most susceptible to infection, whilst later‐forming and slower‐expanding internodes were less susceptible. Detailed tuber physiological examination of internode 2 showed that pathogen‐induced changes, including increased phellem (periderm) thickness, cell layers and phellem suberization (key physiological features believed critical to S. scabiei infection) were promoted through S. scabiei inoculation. Sequential harvesting showed enhanced phellem suberization (28% greater than the control) within 7 days of pathogen exposure, while phellem thickness and layer responses were also initiated early in the infection process (10–14 days after pathogen exposure) and these responses were independent of symptom expression. Differences in cultivar response were observed, with greater phellem suberization observed 10 days after tuberization (DAT) in the common‐scab‐tolerant cv. Russet Burbank than in the susceptible cv. Desiree. Likewise, Russet Burbank had thicker and more numerous cell layers in the phellem (up to eight cell layers) during early tuber growth (20–30 DAT) than Desiree (up to six cell layers).     

不同基质配方对金叶榆容器苗质量的影响

Through Ulmus pumila cv. 'Jinye’ container-growing seedling cultivation experiment with 4 types of media or 9 media formulas, the seedling height, the stem and crown diameter indexes of U. pumila cv. jinye were measured. These indexes were significantly or extreme significantly different among various media. The growth of seedling root system varied with different media. The rooting and root number in soft media were much better than that in dense media. According to the growth traits of above-ground and underground parts of U. pumila cv. jinye seedlings, the medium suitable for U. pumila cv. jinye seedling growth was defined as media type I, whose ratio of C/N was 17.7—18.1, the density was higher than 0.26 g·cm^-3. Grown on this medium, the height, stem diameter and crown diameter of U. pumila cv. jiny were 1.34—1.57 m, 1.36—1.50 cm and 59.6—73.9 cm, respectively. The results of experiment showed also that the physical property played an active role in cultural media, so a good initial medium could provide great assistance of fertilization and water management in seedling culture.     

Using composted wheat residue as a growth medium in culture of tomato

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different growing media on some properties of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum L. cv. Falcato). Four growing media including wheat residue, composted wheat residue, coco peat + perlite, and coco peat + soil were applied in pot experiment with completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that fruit yield, chlorophyll, and vitamin C contents of tomatoes grown in the composted wheat residue and coco peat + perlite treatments were significantly greater than the other growth media. Fresh weight of root and inflorescence were higher in the tomatoes cultivated in the composted wheat residue pots than the other media. Higher internode length and nutrient concentrations in leaf and fruit at the coco peat + perlite treatment were obtained as compared to the other growth media treatments. According to the results, it can be concluded that the coco peat + perlite can be substituted for by composted wheat residue for the cultivation of tomato.     

不同介质对真姬菇菌种保藏效果的对比

选择适宜的菌种保藏介质,是有效保障真姬菇菌种品质的重要一环,不仅关系到真姬菇栽培者的直接利益,也关系到种质资源的保存与延续。通过测定菌丝生长速率和菌丝脱氢酶活力,对22种真姬菇菌种保藏介质的保藏效果进行了对比分析。结果表明0.1%的PEG6000溶液对真姬菇菌种保藏6个月和9个月的整体保藏效果最好,其次是0.1%的PEG10000溶液与超纯水,再次是0.8%葡萄糖溶液和矿泉水。0.6%葡萄糖溶液仅适于真姬菇菌种9个月的保藏,纯净水仅适于真姬菇菌种6个月的保藏。其他介质的保藏效果略差。