微波诱导活性炭催化处理酸性靛蓝废水

[目的]对微波处理靛类染料废水进行积极探索。[方法]采用微波诱导活性炭催化法,研究其处理印染废水中的酸性靛蓝废水的可行性及其影响因素。[结果]对于100 ml浓度为100 mg/L的酸性靛蓝溶液,通过正交试验得出,当活性炭用量为1.5 g,微波辐射时间为7 min,微波功率为100%档的情况下,对酸性靛蓝的去除率可以达到98.79%,且各因素的主次关系为:辐射时间微波功率活性炭用量。[结论]该试验可拓宽微波的应用领域,并为水处理方面提供一种新的思路。     

板蓝根中靛蓝和靛玉红的提取及其质量分数的测定

采用直接比色法测定板蓝根中靛蓝、靛玉红的质量分数。对靛蓝、靛玉红在240～700nm波段进行扫描，确定其最大吸收波长分别为601和531nm。分别通过单因素试验和正交试验，确定提取靛蓝、靛玉红的最佳工艺参数。结果表明，乙醇体积分数为75％时，靛蓝和靛玉红的提取物得率最高；提取时间为4h时，靛蓝和靛玉红的提取物得率最高。正交试验确定的最佳提取工艺参数为：药材粒度40目，提取时间4h，乙醇体积分数75％，此时，提取物得率达1．74%。     

板蓝根、大青叶中靛蓝和靛玉红的测定方法比较

为了筛选出合适的测定板蓝根、大青叶中靛蓝、靛玉红含量的方法,对比、分析了高效液相色谱法、双波长分光光度法和薄层扫描法测定的稳定性、精密度和加标回收率等。结果表明,高效液相色谱法测定靛蓝、靛玉红含量的各项指标均优于其他方法;双波长分光光度法由于无法排除提取液中其他成分对靛蓝、靛玉红的干扰,使得测定结果偏高;薄层扫描法不适宜于板蓝根中靛蓝、靛玉红含量的测定,而可用于大青叶中这2种成分的定量,但测定必须在薄层板展开后3 h内完成。可见3种分析方法各有优缺点,可用于不同精度下对靛蓝、靛玉红含量的测定。     

紫穗槐叶蛋白的热提取

以紫穗槐为原料，用热提取法提取叶蛋白，对其提取效果进行了评价。试验时设定了6种温度值，测试并分析了茎叶不同嫩度的热提取效果、不同温度对汁液酸碱度和叶蛋白提取率的影响。结果表明：50和90℃是叶蛋白提取率的2个高峰点，汁液的pH值在50℃时也相应发生突变；茎叶越幼嫩，叶蛋白提取率越高。     

板蓝根指标成分分布分析及药材质量评价研究

为测定多产地板蓝根药材中精氨酸、靛蓝、靛玉红、(R,S)-告依春、核苷类含量,分析含量分布情况,并进行板蓝根药材质量评价研究。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定不同产地来源的11个板蓝根样品7个指标成分含量,通过因子分析和分层聚类分析方法进行成分分布分析和质量评价研究。结果表明靛蓝、靛玉红、鸟苷、尿苷、腺苷对不同产地板蓝根评价贡献最大,这5种指标成分可作为产区间区分和评价指标,以此评价体系板蓝根按产区分为河北省产区、甘肃-山东-安徽产区和东北三省产区,其中河北省产板蓝根品质最优异。     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

A facile synthesis of Tyrian purple based on a biosynthetic pathway

ABSTRACT: A facile synthesis of Tyrian purple, a valuable purple dye derived from gastropod mollusks in ancient times, has been accomplished. Tyrian purple, 6,6'-dibromoindigo, was easily obtained by three steps of reactions from the commercially available 6-bromoindole, on the basis of a biosynthetic pathway of indigo and biological precursors of the purple. Iodination of 6-bromoindole, followed by acetoxylation with silver acetate in acetic acid, afforded 6-bromo-3-acetoxyindole, whose alkaline hydrolysis accompanying air oxidation produced Tyrian purple.     

水中臭氧浓度的检测及三种液体中臭氧的稳定性

为了研究臭氧在水中的衰减行为，采用靛蓝二磺酸钠法和碘化钾法测定水中的臭氧浓度。其中靛蓝二磺酸钠法，在pH值2.0条件下，48 h内空白的吸光度降低了3%，含样品溶液的吸光度降低了40%；在pH值6.8条件下分别降低了1%和2%；在pH值11.9条件下分别降低了83%和52%。该法测定水中臭氧含量的应用条件仍需研究。用碘化钾法测定时发现，蒸馏水中臭氧浓度变化的总体趋势是衰减的，臭氧浓度在曝气停止后大约42 min前后衰减速度不同，在42 min以前衰减较快，之后一直到3h内基本稳定；自来水和营养液中60 min内臭氧浓度变化的总趋势是稳定的，与蒸馏水中表现不同；3种液体中的臭氧浓度的高低顺序是：蒸馏水中(约15 mg/L)>自来水中(约10 mg/L)>营养液中(约3 mg/L)。     

水中臭氧浓度的检测及三种液体中臭氧的稳定性

为了研究臭氧在水中的衰减行为,采用靛蓝二磺酸钠法和碘化钾法测定水中的臭氧浓度.其中靛蓝二磺酸钠法,在pH值2.0条件下,48 h内空白的吸光度降低了3%,含样品溶液的吸光度降低了40%;在pH值6.8条件下分别降低了1%和2%;在pH值11.9条件下分别降低了83%和52%.该法测定水中臭氧含量的应用条件仍需研究.用碘化钾法测定时发现,蒸馏水中臭氧浓度变化的总体趋势是衰减的,臭氧浓度在曝气停止后大约42 min前后衰减速度不同,在42 min以前衰减较快,之后一直到3h内基本稳定;自来水和营养液中60 min内臭氧浓度变化的总趋势是稳定的,与蒸馏水中表现不同;3种液体中的臭氧浓度的高低顺序是蒸馏水中(约15 mg/L)>自来水中(约10 mg/L)>营养液中(约3 mg/L).