Impact of fish feed on airlift pumps in aquaculture systems

Airlift pumps are commonly used in aquaculture systems to circulate water and maintain critical gas levels. In production marine reuse systems, a significant decrease in airlift pump flowrate was visually observed immediately after feeding. In experimental systems without fish, it was found that feed additions of less than 10 mg/L decreased water flow by as much as 78% for diffuser injectors but only 10% for pumps with direct air injection. For both injector types, feed impact diminished over several hours but persisted longer in seawater than in freshwater. Video footage revealed increasing bubble coalescence with the addition of feed. The decrease in pump flow is likely attributed to water property changes due to compounds leaching out of the feed. This decrease in pumping rate has the potential to negatively impact water quality, system performance, and fish health.     

Transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum in laboratory zebrafish through live feeds

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is particularly concerning because it is a common disease associated with chronic infections in these fish. Infections are also a source of uncontrolled experimental variance that may influence research results. Live feeds for zebrafish are common and include paramecia (Paramecium caudatum), brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and rotifers (Branchionus spp.). Although nutritionally beneficial, live feeds may pose a biosecurity risk. In this study, we investigate transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum through these three live feeds. We show that all three live feeds ingest both M. marinum and M. chelonae and can transmit mycobacterial infections to zebrafish. This observation emphasizes the need for live feeds to be included in the consideration of potential biosecurity risks. This study is of importance to other beyond the zebrafish community, including those of additional aquatic models and those using live feeds for other types of aquaculture.     

Physico‐chemical characterization and in vitro digestibility of commercial feeds used in weaning of marine fish

Six different commercial feeds used in weaning and postweaning of marine fish were analysed from the perspective of some of their main physico‐chemical features and in vitro digestibility. While the range of particle sizes in dry state closely agreed to those claimed by the producing companies, dramatic changes were observed after suspension in water. Sedimentation rates measured in some of the feeds with higher particle sizes may be too high to ensure intake by young fish. The label claims of the products overestimate the amount of total protein but underestimate that of lipids. The analysis of amino acid profiles evidenced important differences in total amino acid composition between feeds of the same company but a great similitude in the profile of free amino acids (FAA). The evaluation of leaching evidenced that the fraction of FAA, which represented <2% of dry matter of the feeds, is quickly released in water, acting mainly as attractants. The in vitro digestibility assay evidenced significant differences in the bioaccessibility of the nitrogen fraction in some of the feeds by the digestive proteases of the sea bream (Sparus aurata).     

小麦秸与非常规饲料组合效应的研究

本试验旨在探讨小麦秸与非常规饲料间的组合效应。利用体外产气法,评价了小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮和苹果渣分别按0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0比例进行组合的48 h体外发酵总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和干物质降解率(DMD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)以及其组合效应。结果表明:1)在小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣的各组合中,当小麦秸比例为25%时,TVFA浓度均大于小麦秸比例为50%、75%、100%时。2)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣组合的DMD逐渐降低,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮组合各比例之间的DMD差异显著(P0.05)。3)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与大豆皮组合的NDFD和ADFD逐渐降低,各比例之间差异显著(P0.05)。在小麦秸与橘子皮的组合中,当小麦秸比例为50%时,NDFD和ADFD最大。4)当小麦秸比例为50%时,小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05);当小麦秸比例为75%时,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05)。综上所述,小麦秸与大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮的最优组合是75∶25。小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的最优组合是50∶50。     

江西几种奶牛常用饲料的多体系营养价值评定

分别用Weende、Van Soest与CNCPS体系分析了稻草、苜蓿、玉米秸秆、豆腐渣与啤酒糟的营养成分,并计算了这5种饲料的相对值(RFV)与分级指数(GI)以及碳水化合物与蛋白质组分,旨在为各体系在江西奶牛业的合理应用提供基础理论数据。同时指出,Weende与Van Soest体系是奶牛饲料营养价值评定的基础,应根据需要选择综合评定指数或是CNCPS体系。     

Evaluation of the influence of different species and cultivars of lupin kernel meal on the extrusion process, pellet properties and viscosity parameters of salmonid feeds

This study examined the influence of different lupin species and cultivars and their inclusion levels on the physical properties of an extruded diet. Lupin kernel meals were included into a fish diet formulation at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Soybean meal was also included in a series of diets on a similar basis as a reference. The diet mashes were extruded using a laboratory-scale APV19:45 twin-screw extruder. The pellets were examined for radial expansion, bulk density, vacuum oil uptakes, sink rate, shear and crush strengths. Inclusion of lupin kernel meal significantly increased bulk density, sink rate, shear and crush strength of the pellets. With the increase in lupin kernel meal inclusion level, a concomitant decline in vacuum oil uptake and radial expansion was also observed. An assessment of the diet mashes using a Rapid Visco Analyser showed that the inclusion of lupin kernel meals increased the rate and degree of gelatinization of the mash starch content compared with that with a similar inclusion level of soybean meal. The inclusion of lupin kernel meals in the diet mash also improved the water-holding capacity of the extrudate, which has important implications for the reduction in extruder wear.     

气相色谱/质谱法测定饲料中三唑仑的含量

本实验建立了检测饲料中三唑仑的气相色谱/质谱法。样品经有机溶剂提取,阳离子固相萃取小柱净化后注入气相色谱质谱仪进行测定,并且经质谱确证。结果表明,三唑仑在0.1～5.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,方法的回收率、精密度较高。     

水产饲料蛋白源开发与利用的研究进展

本文综述了动植物蛋白源研究的现状,以及水产饲料蛋白源开发与利用方面存在的问题,以期为水产饲料的科学配制提供理论依据。