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1.
Avian uncoupling protein (av-UCP) is a key protein for thermoregulation in poultry. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the av-UCP gene has been reported in chickens. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the association between this av-UCP gene mutation and thermoregulation in chickens. Wild and mutant type chicks for the av-UCP gene SNP (g. 1270 of the av-UCP gene exon 3 with C to T substitution and amino acid substitution) were exposed to high ambient temperature. Rectal temperature, radiation temperature on the body surface, and the expression of heat dissipation behavior (wing drooping and panting) during heat exposure were measured. In addition, oxygen consumption rate in the thermoneutral zone in wild and mutant type chicks was measured. Changes in wing temperature during heat exposure in wild-type chicks were lower than those in mutants. The latency of continuous wing drooping during heat exposure in wild-type chicks was shorter than in mutant chicks. It was also found that the SNP in the av-UCP gene caused reduced oxygen consumption. These results suggest that the av-UCP gene mutation affects thermoregulation, especially heat production, in chickens.  相似文献   
2.
为了解贵州省某养殖场罗曼粉鸡发病病原的特征及其耐药性,本试验从病死鸡中分离出一株革兰氏阴性菌,命名为GZ2019,并对其进行纯化培养、生化试验、16S rRNA序列分析、药敏试验及动物回归试验。分离菌在普通琼脂培养基上呈圆形凸起、表面光滑、半透明的灰白色小菌落,鲜血营养琼脂培养基上菌落形态与普通琼脂培养基上的一致,但不溶血;革兰氏染色结果镜检显示,分离菌为成双排列的阴性球杆菌,偶见单个存在或链状排列;生化试验结果显示,分离菌枸橼酸盐利用、过氧化氢酶反应为阳性,硝酸还原、氧化酶、葡萄糖发酵等反应为阴性,无运动性;16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,分离株与不动杆菌的核苷酸同源性在72.6%~99.9%之间,与申氏不动杆菌LUH 4760株(GenBank登录号:AJ275041)、SNSK 752株(GenBank登录号:MG584984)、MCDA01株(GenBank登录号:KY385627)及RP1株(GenBank登录号:MG461636)的核苷酸同源性高达99.9%;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对头孢曲松和痢特灵敏感,对头孢哌酮、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶等5种药物中度敏感,对新霉素、环丙沙星、羧苄西林等17种药物耐药;动物回归试验结果显示,试验组小鼠隔离饲养1周仅死亡1只,死亡率为20%,表明该分离菌致病性较弱。本试验成功分离出1株低致病性申氏不动杆菌GZ2019,可为鸡源申氏不动杆菌病的预防和治疗提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   
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通过探究淮南麻黄鸡的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为淮南麻黄鸡的种质资源保护和开发利用提供遗传背景资料。对淮南麻黄鸡线粒体基因组(mitochondrial genome,mt DNA)控制区全序列进行测序,并结合红色原鸡的序列进行生物信息学分析。淮南麻黄鸡mt DNA控制区全长1 231~1 232 bp,共发现26处单核苷酸变异位点,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.006 6,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.917,平均核苷酸差异(K)为7.573。群体共包含14种单倍型,可以分为A、B、C和E 4个分支分别包括3、3、7和1种单倍型。淮南麻黄鸡在线粒体水平上有较高的多态性,并且来自多个不同的母系,有很好的开发潜力。  相似文献   
5.
目的研究饮水中添加乳酸对三黄鸡的生长性能和抗病力的影响。方法选取1日龄三黄鸡5 000羽,随机分为5组,1 000只/组。在饮水中加入乳酸调节饮水pH值,使得A组、B组、C组和D组的饮水pH值分别为2.0、3.0、4.0和5.0,每天试验鸡饮用酸化水4 h,对照组为正常饮水组。测定各组试验鸡体重和采食量,并记录每日病死数,计算平均日增重、饲料转化率和病死率。结果①平均日增重:1~35日龄段,C组试验鸡的平均日增重提高最明显,提高3.33%。36日龄后,仅B组和对照组相同水平,其他组均降低。②采食量和饲料转化率:B组、C组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),A组、D组差异不显著(P>0.05)。③病死率:A组、B组、C组、D组比对照组病死率分别减少3.7%、4.2%、4.7%和2.1%。结论在三黄鸡的饲养试验中,乳酸调节饮水pH值为4.0时能有效提高饲料转化率,明显提高1~35日龄段三黄鸡的平均日增重,明显降低三黄鸡的病死率,对于肉鸡促进生长和抗病力具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   
6.
ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.  相似文献   
7.
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major constituent of Nigella sativa and known to possess a variety of pharmacological effects. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of TQ following oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration in layer chickens. The layer chickens were equally divided into two groups (six chickens in each group, total 12 chickens), and TQ was administered via PO and IV routes. For PO route, the dose was 20 mg/kg b.w. and for IV route, 5 mg/kg b.w. was administered, respectively. A sensitive and accurate High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was validated for the quantification of TQ from plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml, respectively with >80% recovery. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) following PO and IV administration was 8.805 and 4.497 µg/ml, respectively, while time to reach at maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1 and 0.1 hr, respectively. The elimination half‐lives were recorded as 1.02 and 0.978 hr, whereas the mean residence times were 1.79 and 1.036 hr following both PO and IV administration, respectively. The 85% PO bioavailability was indicative that TQ could be used for various therapeutic purposes in layer chickens.  相似文献   
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10.
喻世刚  孙学良  王钢  廖娟  胡强 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(11):3536-3545
试验旨在探究鸡腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(adenylosuccinate lyase,ADSL)基因启动子区多态性及其与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性。以161只青脚麻鸡为研究对象,通过DNA混池测序法检测ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异。采用等位基因特异性PCR完成个体基因型分析,并分析了各基因型与鸡胸肌肉色、体重及胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值和pH的相关性。结果显示,在ADSL基因启动子区ATG上游1 670 bp处发现1个SNP位点(c.-1670 C>A),其AA基因型个体肌肉冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值(23.61%)极显著低于CA(33.00%)和CC(33.56%)基因型(P<0.01),即冻藏60 d后AA基因型个体肌肉较CA和CC基因型新鲜,CA和CC基因型间新鲜度K值差异不显著(P>0.05);各基因型间鸡体重、胸肌肉色及胸肌冷冻60 d后pH均无显著差异(P>0.05)。生物信息学预测发现,c.-1670 C>A导致ADSL基因启动子区转录因子结合位点的显著改变,该突变位点可能造成ADSL基因的表达差异。综上,ADSL基因启动子区c.-1670 C>A与青脚麻鸡胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值具有显著相关性,该位点可作为青脚麻鸡肉品新鲜度的候选分子遗传标记。  相似文献   
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