Mammary blood flow and venous drainage in cows

The mammary blood flow and the udder drainage in vivo evaluated using the antipyrine absorption method has been compared with the anatomical findings in the udder after slaughtering of the experimental cows (Table 1).Because of the orientation of the valves in the perineal veins and blood samples taken in vivo it must be assumed that the perineal veins lead blood toward the veins at the udder base.It is concluded that the drainage of the udder in standing cows will primarily be through the milk veins, eventually there will be a flow of non-mammary venous blood down the external pudic veins at the udder base, as in the case of the perineal veins.     

水牛急性实验感染肝片吸虫对安替比林代谢动力学的影响

5头健康雄性去势水牛(2～3岁、体重300～500kg)，经粪便和Dot-ELISA检测确认无肝片吸虫感染。每头水牛一次经口感染1600个肝片吸虫囊蚴，研究急性感染(一次大剂量)肝片吸虫对水牛安替比林代谢动力学影响。用HPLC法测定血浆安替比林(AP)及其代谢物的浓度，分析其动力学参数。每周定时采血测定血清酶水平变化。结果表明：水牛急性感染肝片吸虫后急性期安替比林静脉给药后的动力学参数没有显著变化．在慢性期，血浆消除半衰期T1/2β延长41．42％，总消除率CL下降60．10％，表观分布容积Vdss减小43．61％，平均保留时间MRT上升41．16％，血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC增大150．61％。AP给药后48h内各代谢物的形成比率及尿清除率与对照期相比在急性期无显著差异，而慢性期极显著降低，AP试验结果与血浆酶水平变化相一致。     

安替比林含量测定中改变对二甲氨基苯甲醛试液浓度的试验

参考《中华人民共和国兽药典二OO五年版一部》检测安痛定注射液中安替比林含量的检测方法,配制一组溶液,使安替比林对照品含量相同,pH值相同,而对二甲氨基苯甲醛试液的浓度逐渐增大,经过定容等处理,测定吸光度,排除较高或较低的吸光度,选定吸光度是0.5736的样,其中所加显色剂的量为对二甲氨基苯甲醛试液6mL。为了进一步求证该显色剂浓度的可靠性和可操作性,用定量分析法,在一系列标准曲线的各溶液和样品中加入该浓度的显色剂,测定结果表明,样品回收率是99%～105%。     

水牛慢性实验感染肝片吸虫对安替比林代谢动力学的影响

５头健康雄性去势水牛（２～３岁、体重３００～５００ｋｇ）,经粪便检查和Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测确认无肝片吸虫感染。每头每天口服６０个肝片吸虫囊蚴,连续２０ｄ,共感染１２００个囊蚴,用以研究水牛慢性感染（少量多次感染）肝片吸虫对安替比林代谢动力学的影响。每周定时由颈静脉采血,测定血清酶水平变化。于感染前、感染后急性期及慢性期进行安替比林动力学试验。由颈静脉瘘管收集血样,用尿液收集器收集尿样,用ＨＰＬＣ法分析血浆安替比林动力学参数及尿安替比林清除率。结果表明：水牛慢性实验性感染肝片吸虫呈亚临床状态,ＡＰ的血浆及尿代谢物清除率在急性期分别下降了４８％和６１．９１％,慢性期逐步恢复。     

新型4-氨基安替比林席夫碱的合成、表征和抑菌活性

合成了3种新型芳基吡唑酮（1-苯基-3-甲基-4-乙酰基-5-吡唑啉酮、1-苯基-3-甲基-4-甲酰-5-Cl-吡唑和苯甲酰丙酮）缩4-氨基安替比林席夫碱,对合成的化合物进行了元素分析、光谱分析（红外和紫外）以及HNMR分析。采用纸片扩散法,测试了化合物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抗茵活性。结果表明,所有化合物都有一定的抑制大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生长的活性。     

The effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage on the volume of distribution, the elimination half-life and body clearance of antipyrine and warfarin in rabbits

The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and warfarin were investigated in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced liver damage. The volume of distribution of antipyrine was slightly increased whereas it was markedly reduced for warfarin when estimated 24 h after the CCl₄ injection. Twenty-four h after the CCl₄ injection, the elimination rate constant, the half-life and the body clearance were significantly changed for both compounds. The effect of CCl₄ on the pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine persisted 10 days after the CCl₄ injection, whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin were normalized at that time. The clinical importance of the changes of drug pharmacokinetics in liver diseases is mentioned, and it is concluded that each drug may behave differently, so that a drug has to be investigated separately in every disease for which the drug is prescribed.     

The effect of water deprivation on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine following intravenous administration in Nubian goats

The effect of water deprivation on the pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine and sulphadimidine in the Nubian goat was studied. Water deprivation, to a level of dehydration at which the animals lost an average of 7.5% body weight, resulted in a significant reduction in antipyrine clearance (p<0.05), and a consequently increased AUC value (p<0.05). No effect was observed on the distribution parameters of the drug. In dehydrated animals which had lost an average of 10% or 12.5% of their body weight owing to water deprivation, significant changes were found in the distribution and elimination pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine and sulphadimidine. The volume of distribution was significantly decreased, resulting in elevated plasma levels for the two drugs compared to normally watered animals. Significant decreases in clearance and subsequent prolongation of the elimination half-lives were observed during these periods of water deprivation. These changes in the disposition kinetics of the two drugs may be attributed to the loss of total body water and extracellular fluids and changes in the liver and kidney functions taking place during dehydration.