自噬调节剂对感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠脑部细胞凋亡的影响

旨在研究自噬调控药物对感染日本脑炎病毒（Japanese encephalitis virus，JEV）小鼠脑部细胞凋亡的影响，本试验建立自噬调控药物处理的感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠的动物模型，其中，雷帕霉素为自噬诱导剂，渥漫青霉素及氯喹为自噬抑制剂。实验动物分成8组：DMEM对照组（Control）；JEV感染组（JEV）；JEV+雷帕霉素（Rapamycin）组（JEV+Rapa）；JEV+渥漫青霉素（Wortmannin）组（JEV+Wort）；JEV+氯喹（Chloroquine）组（JEV+CQ）；雷帕霉素组（Rapa）；渥漫青霉素组（Wort）；氯喹组（CQ）。观察不同处理组小鼠的临床症状；透射电镜观察小鼠脑部神经元及胶质细胞的线粒体损伤程度；Tunel染色观察统计小鼠脑部凋亡细胞分布；检测小鼠脑部凋亡因子及凋亡蛋白的表达量。与JEV+Rapa及JEV组相比较，JEV+Wort及JEV+CQ组小鼠出现轻微的神经症状，脑部神经元及胶质细胞线粒体轻度损伤，脑组织较少细胞发生凋亡。不同处理组小鼠脑部凋亡因子及凋亡蛋白的表达量变化差异不显著。综上表明，自噬抑制剂渥漫青霉素和氯喹可以在一定程度上抑制感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠脑组织中细胞凋亡的发生。     

Marine Anticancer Agents: An Overview with a Particular Focus on Their Chemical Classes

The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use.     

不同驱虫药驱虫后伊犁马血液生化指标变化的研究

[目的] 研究不同驱虫药对伊犁马血液生化指标的影响,为伊犁马科学驱虫及健康养殖提供参考。[方法] 将平均体重（265.5±35.6）kg、出生日期相近的40匹1岁伊犁马随机分为5组,每组8匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组。在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,对照组不驱虫,在试验开始第1天,试验Ⅰ组使用伊维菌素驱虫,试验Ⅱ组使用吡喹酮驱虫,试验Ⅲ组使用阿苯达唑驱虫,试验Ⅳ组使用伊维菌素和阿苯达唑的混合药剂驱虫;在试验第14天采集马匹血液样品,测定血浆氮代谢指标、葡萄糖及酶相关指标、脂代谢指标及金属离子指标。[结果] ①试验Ⅲ组总蛋白（TP）浓度最低,与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及试验Ⅳ组相比,分别降低了8.16%、7.15%、4.98%及6.62%（P>0.05）。对照组及各试验组白蛋白（ALB）、尿素（UREA）浓度均无显著（P>0.05）差异。与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组及试验Ⅳ组血浆中UREA浓度分别降低了33.15%及36.10%（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活力分别降低了26.51%、21.11%、47.14%及52.38%（P>0.05）。试验Ⅲ组血浆中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活力低于对照组,降低了0.19%（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅳ组的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力显著（P<0.05）升高,分别提高了17.84%、13.51%;谷草转氨酶（AST）活力分别提高了5.40%和4.08%（P>0.05）。③对照组血浆中甘油三酯（TG）、肌酐（CREA）及尿酸（UA）的含量与各试验组相比均无显著（P>0.05）差异。试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅳ组血浆中CREA浓度较对照组分别提高13.38%和9.86%（P>0.05）。试验Ⅱ组血浆中胆碱酯酶（CHE）活力显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅲ组,提高了17.70%。④对照组血浆中Mg²⁺浓度与各试验组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ组血浆中Ca²⁺浓度最低,与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及试验Ⅳ组相比,分别降低了23.44%、16.40%、25.89%及21.43%（P<0.05）。[结论] 综合来看,使用伊维菌素和阿苯达唑混合驱虫,对伊犁马血浆中的氮代谢、糖脂代谢指标及肝功能代谢酶活力改善效果更明显。     

Target and non-target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance and their implications for the management of crop pathogens

Fungicides are indispensable for high-quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production have been challenged due to the limited number of fungicide chemical classes. Resistance to site-specific fungicides has principally been linked to target and non-target site mechanisms. These mechanisms change the structure or expression level, affecting fungicide efficacy and resulting in different and varying resistance levels. This review provides background information about fungicide resistance mechanisms and their implications for developing anti-resistance strategies in plant pathogens. Here, our purpose was to review changes at the target and non-target sites of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, methyl-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides, demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and to evaluate if they may also be associated with a fitness cost on crop pathogen populations. The current knowledge suggests that understanding fungicide resistance mechanisms can facilitate resistance monitoring and assist in developing anti-resistance strategies and new fungicide molecules to help solve this issue. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

兽药广告宣传中的中西方文化差异分析

介绍了中西方兽药广告宣传的各种表现形式,分析了中西方文化差异对兽药广告宣传的影响,提出了我国兽药广告宣传在融合中西方文化的同时,要多学习西方优秀作品的创意,使之相互融合、相互渗透的发展建议,从而推动我国优秀的兽药企业及兽药产品走向世界。     

对一起销售含违禁药品生猪产品案的查处

目前,我国生猪产品生产与销售等环节的长效监管机制仍处于探索阶段。本案阐述了一起由江西省赣州市畜牧兽医局查处的销售含有违禁药品生猪产品的违法行为,论述了该案的标的检测、调查取证、依法听证、行政处罚等执法过程,并对相关问题进行了思考与探讨。     

几种药剂浸种处理对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用黄腐酸盐、绿风95、稀土、爱多收、油菜素内酯等几种药剂对西瓜进行浸种处理,测定其对西瓜幼苗某些生长、生理指标的影响。结果表明:采用几种药剂处理后,与相应的对照相比,均可提高叶绿素含量、增加根系活力、促进幼苗生长,从而有利于西瓜的壮苗培育。从几种药剂处理对西瓜的营养生长及生理指标的影响进行综合判断可知,以爱多收处理为最好。     

治疗仔猪黄白痢中兽药临床处方筛选

为了筛选出治疗仔猪黄白痢的最佳中药处方，确定其合理用药剂量和适用范围，试验将478头确诊为黄白痢的哺乳仔猪随机分为6组，分别用3种预选处方（处方一、处方二和处方三）、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星与诺氟沙星联合用药进行治疗，比较预选处方与对照药物对仔猪黄白痢的治疗效果，筛选最佳的中药处方；并对每种中药处方按照低、中、高3种剂量进行用药，确定预选处方的合理用药剂量；按照发病特点进行用药。探讨预选处方对不同病症的适用性。结果表明：预选处方对仔猪黄白痢的治疗效果优于对照药物，且复发率显著低于后者；3种中药处方中，处方一的疗效最好，治愈率为82．9％，总有效率可迭84．7％，显著高于其他处方；处方一中剂量组的疗效最好，治愈率为88．9％，总有效率可达91．1％，显著高于其他剂量组，而且治愈后无复发现象。