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Plant-derived secondary metabolites still constitute important resources for currently prescribed drugs and for the discovery of active principles which are effective in new indication areas. Promising compounds are often exclusively found in wild medicinal plants and the classical plant-based pharmaceutical production approach has been hampered by low yields, lack of reproducibility and the high complexity of plant extracts (Rischer and Oksman-Caldentey, 2005). Influencing the accumulation of target compounds by breeding or genetic engineering is greatly impeded because in most cases the general biosynthetic routes are incompletely understood. 相似文献
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Maarten L.A.T.M. Hertog David R. RudellRomina Pedreschi Robert J. SchafferAnnemie H. Geeraerd Bart M. Nicolaï Ian Ferguson 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(3):223-237
According to the dictionary, a system is something like “a group or combination of interrelated, interdependent, or interacting elements forming a collective entity”. In postharvest, fresh harvested food crops can be considered isolated small scale systems. Postharvest research aims to understand the quality of these ‘systems’ as influenced by postharvest conditions. The phenotypic quality of horticultural produce is based on genetic traits that are expressed through a cascade of reactions subject to complex regulatory mechanisms and diverse environmental conditions. Ultimately, to fully understand postharvest phenomena, a systemic approach that links genetic and environmental responses and identifies the underlying biological networks is required. Thanks to the development of high throughput omics techniques such system-wide approaches have become a viable option to support traditional postharvest research. This review provides an overview of systems biology and how it can lead postharvest research into a new era. 相似文献
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田志涛 赵永国 Lenka Havlickova He Zhesi Andrea L Harper Ian Bancroft 邹锡玲 张学昆 陆光远 《中国农业科学》2018,51(4):635-651
【目的】探索甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期种子和角果皮硫苷含量的动态变化规律,通过转录组关联分析解析控制硫苷含量变异的遗传机制。【方法】在由113个油菜品种构成的自然群体中,利用高效液相色谱法检测不同发育时期油菜种子及角果皮中的硫苷含量。提取油菜幼嫩叶片mRNA并进行mRNA-Seq测序,开发了355 536个单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP)和116 098个基因表达量标记(GEM)。将开发的SNPs和GEMs分别导入到混合线性模型(MLM)和回归分析模型中进行关联分析,获得与油菜硫苷表型变异显著相关的遗传位点,进一步通过序列比对和功能预测筛选确定候选基因。【结果】授粉后15 d(15 DAP),油菜种子和角果皮的硫苷含量变异范围分别是1.69-20.45和1.47-25.23 μmol·g-1。25 DAP种子、25 DAP角果皮以及成熟种子的硫苷变异范围分别是2.17-147.21、0.73-130.77和8.87-111.83 μmol·g-1。后两个时期(即25 DAP和成熟期)的硫苷含量表现出较大变异,适合进行转录组关联分析。基于mRNA-Seq测序数据,经质量控制后获得256 397个高质量的SNP标记(MAF>0.01)和53 889个GEM标记(平均基因表达量>0.4)。利用SNP标记对成熟种子、25 DAP种子和25 DAP角果皮硫苷含量进行关联分析,分别检测到167、158和3个显著关联位点(-log10P>6.71)。其中,与成熟种子显著关联的SNP标记形成5个明显的关联峰,分别位于A2、A9、C2、C7和C9染色体上。同时,利用GEM标记进行的关联分析中,分别检测到127、16和24个与成熟种子、25 DAP种子、25 DAP角果皮硫苷含量显著关联的位点(-log10P>6.03),这些位点主要分布在A2、A8、A9、C2和C9染色体上并形成明显的关联峰。其中,成熟种子和25 DAP角果皮在A9、C2和C9染色体上形成共同的关联峰。通过与公共数据库的基因组序列比对和功能注释,共筛选到295个功能基因,其中25个基因涉及硫苷代谢网路途径,直接参与硫苷的调控。其余基因虽然没有直接参与硫苷代谢过程,但是它们大多属于转录因子基因、刺激响应因子基因,涉及细胞过程或是具有催化活性,因而推测在硫苷积累中同样起到重要作用。【结论】油菜角果皮中的硫苷含量较高,而且与种子硫苷含量显著正相关,是硫苷合成或转运的重要器官。共检测到328个SNP显著标记和144个GEM显著标记,筛选到25个与硫苷合成或者转运有关的功能基因以及73个功能未知的新基因。 相似文献
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柑橘是世界上最重要的园艺植物,也是很难使用常规育种方法改良的植物之一。从柑橘育种的角度,讨论了近年来柑橘基因组学研究的进展,包括基因图、物理学图、ESTs、基因芯片、转录组学、蛋白组和代谢组学的研究进展。 相似文献
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