一例猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高致病性毒株与链球菌混合感染的实验室诊断

某规模化自繁自养猪场产房母猪出现流产,保育猪关节肿胀、倒地不起、大量死亡,为研究发病原因,采集流产胎儿、死亡仔猪的肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结和关节液,进行分子生物学检测,病毒和细菌分离鉴定,并检测不同胎龄母猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体,结果显示猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒检测为阳性,使用PAM分离到一株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,经序列鉴定为高致病性毒株;抗体结果表明四胎及以上母猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体阳性率异常升高;病料分离的细菌经鉴定为猪链球菌,经实验室诊断确定猪场发病的原因为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高致病性毒株与猪链球菌混合感染。     

猪繁殖-呼吸综合征病毒上海株的分离鉴定

从上海地区５个发病猪场的病料中，分离到３株致Ｍａｒｃ－１４５细胞病变的病毒：ＳＨ１、ＳＨ２和ＳＨ３，理化特性研究表明，３株分离毒均对氯仿、乙醚、甲醛、热（５６℃）、酸（ｐＨ６以下）、碱（ｐＨ８以上）敏感。负染可见病毒以大小不等的具囊膜的球形粒子为主，囊膜上有纤突，直径为６０￣１００ｎｍ；超薄切片可见病毒粒子分散在细胞浆内，直径为４５￣８０ｎｍ。间接免疫荧光试验表明，３株分离毒均与ＰＲＲＳＶ高免血清呈强阳性反应，而与ＨＣＶ、ＰＰＶ、ＰＲＶ、ＴＧＥＶ高免血清的反应均呈阴性。综上可见，所分离的病毒为ＰＲＲＳＶ。     

Dot-ELISA间接法检测鸡产蛋下降综合症的研究

常规方法分离纯化鸡ＩｇＧ,免疫山羊制备羊抗鸡ＩｇＧ二抗,以辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）标记制备酶标记物的工作浓度为１∶１０００,选用硝酸纤维素膜（ＮＣ）作固相载体,建立检测ＥＤＳＶ抗原的斑点间接酶联免疫吸附试验诊断方法。检测ＥＤＳＶ鸭胚毒４０份,阳性检出率１００％;人工感染发病鸡的卵巢、输卵管、泄殖腔拭子各５０份,阳性检出率分别为１００％、１００％、９４％。与传染性支气管炎、新城疫、传染性法氏囊病无交叉反应,试验显示该方法简便、特异、快速、结果直观、便于生产应用。     

中西药综合防治牛前胃疾病研究

现代养牛中前胃疾病是制约牛产业发展的一类重要内科疾病,特别是舍饲半舍饲状态下,肉牛、奶牛、育肥牛较为常见。笔者通过长期兽医临床实践、查阅相关文献、结合传统中医学理论,就牛常见前胃疾病定义、发病原因、症候群展开论述、典型案例介绍,提出了相应预防和控制措施。采用西兽药、中兽药、中西兽药联合用药,缩短治疗周期,达到标本兼治,降低经济损失。     

Idiopathic cystitis in domestic cats--beyond the lower urinary tract

Signs of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in domestic cats can be acute or chronic, and can result from variable combinations of abnormalities within the lumen of the LUT, the parenchyma of the LUT itself, or other organ system(s) that then lead to LUT dysfunction. In the majority of cats with chronic signs of LUT dysfunction, no specific underlying cause can be confirmed after standard clinical evaluation of the LUT, so these cats typically are classified as having idiopathic cystitis. A syndrome in human beings commonly known as interstitial cystitis (IC) shares many features in common with these cats, permitting comparisons between the two species. A wide range of similarities in abnormalities has been identified between these syndromes outside as well as inside the LUT. A variety of potential familial and developmental risk factors also have been identified. These results have permitted generation of the hypothesis that some of these people have a disorder affecting the LUT rather than a disorder of the LUT. This perspective has suggested alternative diagnostic strategies and novel approaches to treatment, at least in cats. The purpose of this review is to summarize research investigations into the various abnormalities present in cats, to compare some of these findings with those identified in human beings, and to discuss how they might modify perceptions about the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cats with this disease. Dedication: I dedicate this contribution to Professor Dennis J. Chew, whose collaboration, patience, and support made it all possible.     

证素辨证与数字中医药

辨证论治是中医学的主要特色,但是由于传统的辨证论治体系中各种辨证方法很难"求同存异",对于"证本质"的研究很难"以偏概全",临床惯用辨病论治替代辨证论治等弊端,限制了中医辨证学的发展。在此背景下,朱文锋教授创造性地提出了证素辨证体系,该体系通过全面收集内、外、妇、儿科等临床常见证候,并使之规范化和数量化,明确了病位证素和病性证素两大基本辨证要素。证素辨证思想体系是发展数字中医药的基础,是沟通中医药与现代科学技术的关键理论。本文结合证素辨证体系思想,提出了构建数字中医药创新研究的基本思路和框架,对促进中医药现代化研究具有重要的指导意义。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的研究进展

从遗传变异、检测以及宿主免疫3个方面,对近年来在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)方面的研究进行简要综述。     

Effect of the Pietrain breed used as terminal boar on Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in the offspring in four PMWS-affected farms

The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors for PMWS at the individual pig level and assess the effect of the Pietrain paternal genetic background of the animals in a cohort study. The survey was set up in four PMWS-affected farms with 2 repetitions (batches) per farm. A representative sample of 60 pigs per batch, stratified according to the paternal genetic background (Pietrain: yes vs. no), was randomly selected after farrowing. The representative cohort was divided into 8 batches and the pigs were individually monitored from birth to slaughter. Survival analysis was used to determine the factors related to the time to PMWS. The litter-cluster effect was taken into account using the marginal Cox model (robust estimation of the covariance matrix) and the gamma shared frailty model which were compared.No protective effect of the Pietrain breed on the time to PMWS and the proportion of affected pigs in the offspring was found in this study. Piglets showing low circovirus type 2 (PCV2) titres at 7 weeks-old with no subsequent seroconversion and piglets from PCV2 negative sows were most likely to be affected by PMWS (HR=7.0 and 2.8, respectively). Active infection of the pregnant dams with parvovirus was related to an increased risk of PMWS in the offspring (HR=2.3). Neck injuries due to poorly performed injections in the dams were associated with an increased risk of PMWS with the marginal model (HR=2.1). Oxytocin injection (dams) during farrowing was protective against PMWS in the offspring (HR=0.6).     

母猪繁殖障碍征的病因学研究

某猪场一批初产母猪发生流产、早产、死胎、死仔和木乃伊胎为主要表现的繁殖障碍征。调查发现繁殖障碍占调查胎数的 ５１７％ ,其中早产占 １０８％ ,一窝中部分死胎（仔）占 ６９６％ ,全窝死亡占 １９６％ 。在因繁殖障碍损失的胎、仔数中,死胎占６９７％ ,产后即死占 ２４９％ ,木乃伊和畸形占５４％ 。血清学检测结果显示：呼吸和繁殖障碍综合征、流行性乙型脑炎和布鲁氏菌病为阴性而细小病毒为阳性,故诊断为细小病毒感染所致。     

PRRS ELISA试剂盒检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体的应用

利用重组杆状病毒表达的PRRSV核衣壳蛋白作抗原制成ELISA诊断试剂盒，检测人工感染PRRSV猪血清、疫苗免疫抗体和田间血清，并与IDEXX公司生产的试剂盒进行比较。结果表明，该试剂盒在PRRSV感染后8天内就可检出感染性抗体，而用IDEXX公司生产的试剂盒在感染后的18天才检测到感染性抗体，对弱毒疫苗的免疫检测也基本能反映出疫苗的免疫应答状况。对华东地区PRRSV流行病学调查结果表明，PRRSV在国内普遍存在，同时也证明研制的试剂盒，是客观科学调查我国PRRS流行情较理想的检测工具。