FAM3C activates Akt to promote viability of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the expression and roles of family with sequence similarity 3, member C (FAM3C) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAM3C in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The WSU-HN6 cells were treated with siFAM3C or FAM3C antibody. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of WSU-HN6 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected by Western blot. Adenovirus was used to mediate over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells. The DOK cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay after adenovirus infection for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the activation of Akt was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the DOK cells, the mRNA and protein levels of FAM3C were significantly increased in the WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). The viability of WSU-HN6 cells transfected with siFAM3C was significantly inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). siFAM3C treatment inhibited the activation of Akt (P<0.05). FAM3C antibody treatment also suppressed the viability of the WSU-HN6 cells at 48 h and 72 h and the activation of Akt (P<0.05). Over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells promoted the cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and activated Akt (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FAM3C might promote oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth by activating Akt.     

杏鲍菇液体菌种发酵过程相关指标变化规律

[目的]研究杏鲍菇液体菌种发酵过程相关指标变化规律,以进一步有效指导杏鲍菇液体生产。[方法]对杏鲍菇液体菌种发酵罐培养过程中菌丝量、CO2浓度及pH的变化规律进行研究。[结果]菌丝量与CO2浓度变化基本符合微生物增长的"S"型曲线。培养初期菌丝量增长缓慢,第4~8天快速增长,增长量维持在0.5 g/L以上;第9天后菌丝量增长速度趋于缓慢,菌丝量也逐渐趋于平稳,培养后期菌丝量略有下降。培养过程中pH变化较小,从培养初期到对数生长期,pH下降幅度不超过0.50。[结论]液体菌种发酵时间以8~9 d为宜。     

合欢磁牡口服液提取工艺研究△

为探究不同的提取条件对合欢磁牡口服液质量的影响,以确定最佳的提取工艺。通过不同的提取工艺、浓缩工艺及提取工艺验证试验处理后,检测合欢磁牡口服液中(-)-丁香树脂酚-4-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(C_(33)H_(44)O_(17))的含量。结果显示,煎煮次数C对提取工艺有显著影响(P0.01);煎煮时间B和加水量A对提取工艺无显著影响(P0.05);不同的浓缩温度对合欢磁牡口服液含量无显著影响(P0.05),采用本试验确定的最佳工艺提取的合欢磁牡口服液中C_(33)H_(44)O_(17)的转移率平均值为72.37%,RSD为0.83%。因此,确定的最佳提取生产工艺为8倍量水,提取3次,每次煮沸1 h。     

Effects of germination and kilning on the phenolic compounds and nutritional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) are nutritious pseudocereals that originate from the Andean region. The aim of this research was to study the effect of germination and the subsequent kilning on the phenolic compounds and proximate composition in selected Peruvian varieties of quinoa (“Chullpi”) and kiwicha (“Oscar Blanco”). The germination process was carried out for 24, 48 and 72 h at 22 °C, and the kilning was performed with samples germinated for 72 h by drying the seeds at 90 °C for 5 min. Both processes increased the protein content of the samples. However, lipid content was reduced during germination. On the other hand, germination and kilning clearly increased the concentration of total phenolic compounds in both quinoa and kiwicha. Germination for 72 h either with or without kilning process resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total content of phenolics compared to untreated materials, which was especially due to coumaric acid and a kaempferol tri-glycoside in quinoa and caffeoylquinic acid in kiwicha. Based on the results, germination and kilning may improve the nutritional quality of the Andean grains, encouraging the usage of the processed grains as ingredients in functional products for people with special gluten-free or vegetarian diets.     

Recent progress in analytical method development to ensure the safety of gluten-free foods for celiac disease patients

As laid down by the Codex Alimentarius, products bearing a gluten-free label must not contain gluten levels above 20 mg/kg to be safe for consumption by celiac disease patients. Analytical methods to detect gluten from wheat, rye and barley need to be sufficiently sensitive, specific, suitable for routine analyses and validated by collaborative studies. With continuous progress in the field of gluten analysis, the aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of legislation regarding gluten-free products worldwide, as well as immunochemical, proteomics-based, genomics-based and other methods designed to analyse gluten traces. While ELISA test kits and PCR are still most widely used in quality control, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is gaining more and more importance by providing unprecedented insights into gluten. Several other methods such as immunosensors, other sensors and microarrays are being developed. The pro's and con's of the different methods are discussed as well as the remaining challenges, including the need for improved extraction procedures, comprehensive reference materials and independent reference methods.     

一种新型气液分离器的设计

在食品发酵行业中压缩空气脱水不足会造成发酵染菌,同时发酵罐的发酵液随尾气排出罐体时,会造成生产产量降低及造成空气二次污染,加大发酵染菌机率,导致停产。针对行业需求,本文介绍了一种新型气液分离器,该设备与同类产品相比有较高的分离效率。      

QuEChERS dSPE EMR-Lipid-LC-MS-MS测定鸡蛋中3种聚醚类抗球虫药物残留

[目的]利用Agilent Bond Elut增强型脂质去除EMR-Lipid技术,建立了以QuEChERS dSP EEMR-Lipid为前处理测定鸡蛋中3种聚醚类药物残留的液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS-MS)方法。[方法]鸡蛋经酸化乙腈提取,Bond Elut EMR-Lipid QuEChERS净化,采用HPLC-MS-MS上机检测。[结果]3种聚醚类药物残留在2.0~100.0μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r0.999),回收率在84.6%~107.0%。[结论]该方法前处理方便快捷、定量结果准确、再现性好,适用于鸡蛋中3种聚醚类药物残留的测定。     

The response of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Pinus densiflora seedling roots to liquid culture

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings taken from a nursery were grown in liquid culture with all roots entirely submerged in water. The aims of the present study were to observe the reactions of preformed ectomycorrhizae to liquid culture and to examine new infections by ectomycorrhizal fungi on newly formed root tips in liquid culture. Inoculation levels were controlled by trimming the ectomycorrhizal roots to one of three selected root lengths. The results showed that the mantles of pre-formed ectomycorrhizae were lost during the 8 weeks of the liquid culture and that these preformed root tips became blackish and wrinkled, but Hartig nets remained in these blackish root tips. On the newly formed lateral root tips, no ectomycorrhizal mantles were formed, although Hartig nets were found. In addition, the level of inoculum did not affect the frequency of Hartig nets in newly formed root tips, suggesting that the density of inoculum was more important than the amount of inoculum for new infection. In conclusion, ectomycorrhizal fungi endured and infected new roots while submerged; however, only Hartig nets were formed and not mantles.     

Comparative development of mouse tooth germs transplanted in subrenal capsule and oral submucosa

AIM: To compare 2 environments, the subrenal capsule and oral submucosa, for producing well-formed teeth from mouse tooth germs and for exploring the ideal environment for tooth regeneration. METHODS: Two groups were set up. Group A was transplanted with the mouse embronic day (ED) 14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the subrenal capsule, while group B was transplanted with the ED14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the oral submucosa. After 3 weeks and 4 weeks, the host mice were sacrificed, and the transplanted explants were evaluated with morphologic observation, histological structures, hardness and elastictic modulus tests, and chemical compositions. RESULTS: (1) The explants isolated from both environments showed the tooth-like structures, but as to the group B, the crown was smaller, and the shape of the cusps was not significant. (2) HE staining showed that the dentin and enamel in group A were thicker than those in group B in which the ameloblasts and odontoblasts were differentiated not very well. (3) In the test of enamel hardness, only the hardness of 4 weeks in group B was lower than normal mouse tooth. In the test of enamel modulus, the elastic modulus of enamel in 3 weeks of group A was slightly lower than normal mouse tooth, but the difference was not significant.The elastic modulus of enamel in 4 weeks of group A and group B was significantly lower than normal mouse tooth and 3 weeks of group B. The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin in 3 groups was not significant. (4) Raman spectroscopy showed 2 groups grew in harmony in general, they all had the largest peak in the point of 961 cm^-1, but the 3 weeks of group B had an obvious peak in the point of 2 947 cm^-1. CONCLUSION: For the development of ED14.5 tooth germs, we obtain almost the whole tooth in subrenal capsule transplantation after 3 or 4 weeks. The buccal submucosa environment still has a certain influence on the tooth germ development, although there are some differences about the tooth development between this environment and subrenal capsule environment.     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.