福建近海几种海藻的营养成分与饲用安全评价分析

对福建近海浒苔、龙须菜、羊栖菜、海带等4种海藻进行基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素的测定结果进行分析与评价.基本成分测定结果表明:4种海藻中多糖类膳食纤维和粗纤维的含量最高,二者总量均高于50％.粗蛋白质含量以浒苔、龙须菜为高(15.6％～38.2％),羊栖菜(14.6％)、海带(9.12％)较低.17种氨基酸的...     

Optimization of the floating-type seaweed dryer

A floating-type solar dryer was designed and fabricated in order to answer the need for a faster and more efficient drying of seaweeds. Based on the results of the several field tests conducted, the developed seaweed dryer was capable of producing good quality dried seaweed products at a shorter drying time as compared to the traditional solar drying methods employed by seaweed farmers. The developed seaweed dryer was likewise proven to be highly adaptable to varying weather conditions. However, like most solar-type dryers, the performance of the fabricated seaweed dryer is greatly affected by weather variations. On a good sunny day, short drying time is expected unlike in cloudy or rainy weather conditions and even during nighttime where air drying can be done, the longer drying period is anticipated. Due to the different drying environments, the optimal dryer settings both for the daytime and cloudy or nighttime conditions must be determined. The optimization study conducted focused on the effects of varying the air inlet of the dryer by opening the foldable sidings to different height levels and the timely operation of exhaust fans in maximizing the combined effect of solar and air drying. An eight-hour drying test was conducted to determine the amount of moisture removed from the seaweed samples which was measured at 30 min interval. The analysis revealed that fully-opened sidings without running exhaust fans setting resulted in the highest moisture reduction in nighttime conditions. On the other hand, the sidings which were opened one-fourth from the bottom without running exhaust fans and sidings half-opened with running exhaust fans settings yielded the highest moisture reduction in daytime condition. In addition, no significant interaction was found between the level of sidings height openings and the operation of the exhaust fans during the nighttime condition. Conversely, there was a significant interaction between the level of sidings height openings and the operation of exhaust fans during the daytime condition.     

Weighing the costs and benefits of reduced sampling resolution in biomonitoring studies: Perspectives from the temperate rocky intertidal

Efficiency in biomonitoring studies is essential to maximize return (i.e. useful data) for investment (e.g. time, training, personnel). Here, we test several options for reducing data resolution when streamlining monitoring protocols, and use the results as a framework to discuss the costs and benefits of decreasing information when sampling intertidal assemblages. Specifically, we ask; (1) Is it necessary to collect species abundance data, or is species presence-absence information sufficient to differentiate sites? (2) Is it necessary to sample organismal abundance at the species-level or is coarser (higher taxon or functional group) resolution sufficient to resolve patterns of difference in intertidal community structure? and (3) How general are these patterns across different oceanic regions? We answer these questions using data from Northeast Atlantic, Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Pacific, and Southwest Pacific intertidal monitoring studies. Results show that compared to species-level sampling, genus-level sampling requires knowledge of 25% fewer taxa, but results in only a 5% difference in the ability to discern between-sample similarities. Likewise, family-level sampling involves 50% fewer taxa, and is accompanied by only an 8% difference in between-sample similarities. Species lists and functional groups were variable in performance, working well for some regions, and poorly for others. These findings will assist in the selection of monitoring protocols with the potential for increased geographic scope and temporal frequency of sampling, resulting in longer time series of data collection, and a reduction in the required taxonomic skills for individuals involved in scientifically useful biomonitoring programs.     

Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (GP), Ulva rigida (UR) and Gracilaria cornea (GC) as dietary ingredients on the performance, nutrient utilisation and body composition of European sea bass juveniles. Six experimental diets were formulated to replace 5% (GP-5, UR-5, and GC-5 Diets) and 10% (GP-10, UR-10 and GC-10 Diets) fish protein hydrolysate (CPSP) by each of the three seaweeds. A control diet was used, without inclusion of any seaweed. Diets were fed to duplicate groups of 25 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (IBW = 4.7 g) for 10 weeks. Growth performance was only significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in fish fed the GC-10 diet, whereas the feed conversion ratio increased significantly in those fish. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and lipid were significantly lower in fish fed diet GC-10 relative to those fed the control diet. Carcass composition was similar among treatments, although fish fed GC-10 exhibited significantly higher ash content.The results obtained in this study suggest that the inclusion of G. bursa-pastoris (GP) and U. rigida (UR), up to 10%, can be considered as very interesting ingredients in diets for sea bass juveniles, as no negative consequences on growth performance, nutrient utilization or body composition were observed. On the other hand, the inclusion of G. cornea (GC) should be limited to 5% of the diet.     

海洋藻类多糖的生物活性研究进展

由于海藻多糖具有抗肿瘤、提高免疫力等功能，越来越受到人们的重视，极有可能被开发出一种新型的海洋药物。本文对海藻多糖的研究状况及抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降血脂、抗辐射、抗凝血和护肤润肤作用的机制进行了综述。海藻多糖具有许多有前景的药理学活性，加强对海藻多糖的生物活性和作用机制的进一步研究，对有目的地进行应用开发有重要的指导意义。     

海藻在母仔猪营养中的应用价值

海藻是生长在海中的藻类,由数以千计的小叶海藻和大叶海藻组成。海藻含有酚类化合物、海藻多酚、海藻多糖、类胡萝卜素、脂肪酸、多肽和萜烯等生物活性物质,是有价值的生物活性分子来源。海藻还具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节功能。在猪日粮中添加海藻可以增强其免疫系统功能,有效提高免疫球蛋白数量,改善肠道健康。有效促进调节细胞因子的产生,提升机体抗氧化能力。     

Fermentation-Derived Bioactive Components from Seaweeds: Functional Properties and Potential Applications

Seaweeds are valuable sources of biologically active compounds that could be used as ingredients for pharmacological applications. Industrial fermentation using microorganisms provides a wide array of fermented foods and functional compounds with excellent health benefits. These fermentation-derived natural compounds have the potential to be applied as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the fermentation of sustainable seaweeds in producing valuable components, including anticoagulant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Fermentation-derived compounds are expected to receive more attention due to their environmentally friendly processing as well as consumer desire for natural foods.     

Nutrient and Nutraceutical Potentials of Seaweed Biomass Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii

The study aimed at evaluating the nutrient and nutraceutical potentials of the selected seaweed biomass namely Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The selected seaweeds were found to be rich in macro and micronutrients. Kappaphycus contained high amount of ash when compared to U. lactuca. It is revealed that the mercury level in U. lactuca was 0.017 ppm and it was not detected in K. alvarezii. The heavy metal concentration in the selected seaweeds was within the tolerable value reported as quality criteria for edible seaweeds. These seaweeds were also found to be rich sources of vitamin antioxidants namely Vitamin C, total carotenoid, beta carotene, total chlorophyll and polyphenol. The phytochemical screening of the selected seaweeds showed that both seaweeds contained carbohydrates, protein, gums and mulicage, phenols, starch and quinones. Alkaloids was absent in Kappaphycus, saponins was moderate in U. actuca when compared to Kappaphycus. Glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids were absent in both the species. The selected seaweeds also possess antibacterial activity. The selected biomass could be recommended for use in dietaries to combat protein energy malnutrition and in particular micronutrient deficiencies.     

追施海藻叶面肥对盐碱地冬小麦生长及其产量的影响

[目的]探究追施海藻叶面肥对冬小麦生长和产量的影响。[方法]以喷清水为对照(CK),分别在小麦拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期以2.5、5.0、7.5 g/L浓度的叶面肥对冬小麦进行追肥,并对冬小麦生长情况和生产能力进行观测比较。[结果]喷施海藻叶面肥处理能增加冬小麦群体数、株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量和养分运输能力、抗倒伏、抗盐碱及其后续生长能力,其中喷施5.0和7.5 g/L叶面肥处理的效果达到了极显著水平;在生产能力方面,喷施海藻叶面肥处理能增加冬小麦生物产量和籽粒产量,喷施5.0和7.5 g/L叶面肥处理的效果极其显著。[结论]中高量喷施海藻叶面肥的效果较好。