Artificially regenerating longleaf pine in canopy gaps: initial survival and growth during a year of drought

Nitrogen fertilization in the nursery, along with altering the configuration of forest gaps, may improve the reforestation success of longleaf pine seedlings. During the very droughty 1998 growing season in Florida and Georgia, survival was higher under the forest canopy than in small (0.10 ha, 36 m diameter) and large (1.6 ha, 144 m diameter) canopy gaps. In the large gaps, survival of containerized seedlings was higher along the edges, particularly the SW edge. Shade from adult trees and the nurse effect of shrubs increased survival, while grass competition reduced survival. During dry years part of the “exclusionary zone” along the edge of canopy gaps (SW sector) may serve as a “survival zone”, at least in the short term. A model using oval-shaped gaps oriented from NW to SE, with an area of 0.25 ha is proposed to maximize the survival and growth of artificially regenerated longleaf pine seedlings.     

Cohabitation of tree holes by ants and breeding birds in a temperate deciduous forest

A previously unknown association of ants with birds breeding in tree holes is described. Ants Lasius brunneus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were found in c. 15% of nests of Parus major L. and Poecile palustris L. (Paridae) breeding in tree holes in the primeval deciduous forest located in the Bia?owie?a National Park (Poland). The ants preferably used holes located higher above the ground. As such holes are warmer than the unused holes or other nest sites, it is suggested that the ants cohabit holes utilized by the tits to gain thermal benefits.     

沼泽红假单胞菌的分离鉴定及对蕹菜生长的影响

从引进的日本土壤改良剂中富集分离得到1株光合细菌,通过形态学观察及生理生化特性鉴定,鉴定为该菌株属于红假单胞菌属。以泰国柳叶蕹菜为试验材料,用GRH-507菌液稀释500倍在蕹菜幼苗期、生长期进行叶面喷施,以等量的清水作对照,在成熟期调查蕹菜的产量。结果表明,喷施500倍GRH-507菌液稀释液能提高蕹菜的产量,两次收割产量分别比对照增产31.03%、20.74%。     

Use of fluidized bed biofilter and immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris for ammonia removal and fish health maintenance in a recirculation aquaculture system

Intensive recirculating aquaculture relies on biofilters to sustain satisfactory water quality in the system. Fluidized bed and immobilized cell technologies were used to remove ammonia from the water and maintain fish health. A high‐rate nitrifying fluidized bed biofilter combined with valveless filter was designed for use in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The suspended solids produced during fish culture could automatically be removed using a valveless filter. Natural porosity with fitting proportion, steady fluidization and expanding rate was chosen as the fluidized carrier. The technology of bacterial separation and cultivation was used. The immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris) produced through a biotechnologically embedding medium is suitable for fish and could help prevent diseases. Nitrification was promoted through the selective rearing of nitrobacteria in a fluidized bed biofilter. Water quality was improved using fluidized bed biofilter and immobilized R. palustris in the RAS. In addition, the proposed system was able to reduce costs. Maximum fish load was 45 ± 3 kg m^?3 in the closed recirculating water fish culture system, and water use was reduced by 80–90%. The total ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the technology was 80–95%, and nitrite N removal rate was above 80%.     

Sodium Alginate as an Adjuvant of an Antagonistic Bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain A11RN, to Enhance Biocontrol of Turfgrass Snow Mold Caused by Typhula ishikariensis

Pretreatment with sodium alginate (20 g/m²) prior to application of a biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A11RN, enhanced the control turfgrass snow mold caused by Typhula ishikariensis biotype B. Disease severities in two fields relative to untreated control plots were 53% and 61% in plots treated with both the strain and sodium alginate, which were significantly lower than 69% and 77% in plots treated only with the strain. The antagonist population remained above the threshold for effective control (ca. 1×10⁷ cfu/cm³) at least for the first month under snow in pretreatment with sodium alginate. The population of the biocontrol agent after snowmelt on turfgrass was five times higher in sodium alginate-amended plots than in unamended plots. Sodium alginate alone did not reduce disease severity. Sodium alginate might have supported the survival of the applied strain. Received 7 June 1999/ Accepted in revised form 20 December 1999     

光照、氧气、pH和盐度对沼泽红假单胞菌2-8菌株生长和亚硝酸盐消除的影响

以1株具有亚硝酸盐消除能力的沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palustris）2-8菌株（简称2-8菌株）为材料,研究了不同光照和氧组合、pH、盐度对菌株生长和亚硝酸盐消除能力的影响。结果发现,光照厌氧条件最利于2-8菌株的生长,该条件下菌株亚硝酸盐消除能力最强,25h消除率达（91.33±1.27）%;菌株在pH7.0时生长和亚硝酸盐消除能力最强,25h亚硝酸盐消除率达到（95.58±4.34）%,在pH9.0以上和5.0以下时基本不生长;菌株在w（NaCl）为0和0.4%的培养基中生长和亚硝酸盐消除能力最强,在w（NaCl）为0.8%～2.0%的培养基中,生长和亚硝酸盐消除能力随w（NaCl）增高而减弱。测定的4个环境因子主要通过影响菌株的生长来影响其对亚硝酸盐的消除能力。     

山地次生林沼泽山雀的繁殖生态

2003年3月到7月,采用野外观察法对吉林左家自然保护区次生林中沼泽山雀(Parus palustris)的繁殖生态进行了研究,结果表明:沼泽山雀在该区域为留鸟,营巢期在4月上、中旬,产卵期在4月中、下旬,孵化期为13~14d;孵化率为89.47%;窝卵数为7~10枚,平均8枚(n=5)。雏鸟体质量增长符合Logistic规律,增长率为0.41,渐近线为13.25g。同时,给出了次生林中繁殖的沼泽山雀的主要生长参数曲线及巢位特征。     

蒙脱石对水相中沼泽红假单胞菌的吸附研究

通过测定吸附条件对吸附率及吸附菌量的影响，研究了蒙脱石对水相中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palustris）的吸附特性。结果表明，当蒙脱石重量为0．5g时，吸附菌量和吸附百分率均达到较恒定的状态，且受到菌液起始浓度和体积的影响。不同pH条件下，蒙脱石对菌的吸附率随着pH值的升高而逐渐降低，当pH=9时，有效吸附率为72．67％。蒙脱石对菌的吸附率与离子强度成反比。不同温度条件下，蒙脱石对菌的吸附率呈现出先升高、后降低的趋势，温度30℃时吸附率最高，为86．55％。表明蒙脱石对水相中菌的吸附不仅依赖于生物体的化学属性和表面属性，也受到环境温度等条件的影响。     

富硒沼泽红假单胞菌对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗氧化系统的影响

用沼泽红假单胞菌和富硒沼泽红假单胞菌灌喂衰老模型小鼠(用D-半乳糖制备),60 d后检测小鼠血液、血清、肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量及T-AOC能力。结果表明:富硒沼泽红假单胞菌可显著提高D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠血液、血清、肝组织SOD活力、GPX-PX活力,使T-AOC能力明显增高,使衰老小鼠体内MDA含量明显下降。富硒沼泽红假单胞菌可显著提高D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

高尔夫果岭上草坪灰斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

2003-2005年从西安亚健国际高尔夫球场和郑州21世纪高尔夫练习场的果岭上采集到草坪灰斑病样品,按照柯赫氏法则对其进行了病原物的分离、纯化、致病性测定和菌株鉴定,并进行了温度和pH值对病原菌生长影响的初步研究。结果表明,病株分离物优势菌群为弯孢霉,分离频率为77.1%。致病性测定结果表明,回接后发病株率达80%以上,并产生与田间相类似的症状,病株上获得的其他分离物均不能导致灰斑病症状的出现,证实高尔夫果岭灰斑病是由弯孢霉侵染导致的一种病害。温度和pH值对病原菌生长影响的研究结果表明,该菌生长最适pH值和温度范围分别为6~8和25~30℃。