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排序方式: 共有643条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
于2010 ~2013年研究低空捕虫网在稻飞虱监测预警中的应用效果.结果表明,低空捕虫网对灰飞虱、白背飞虱、褐飞虱3种稻田飞虱都有捕获效果,对迁入飞虱种群的捕集效果较差,对本地羽化的飞虱捕集效果较好,特别是对灰飞虱,低空网捕集量大,峰次多,虫峰较诱虫灯明显,且不受风雨、电源等因素影响,虫情信息可靠,虫种比较单纯,容易分种计数,网捕灰飞虱成虫峰与田间虫峰有明显相关,验证了灰飞虱从小麦田向秧田扩散的对应关系.低空网对灰飞虱预测有较好的应用价值,但对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的迁入预警作用不明显. 相似文献
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Although often neglected, variability in cell lysis efficiency and DNA extraction yield represents the major hurdles of any polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantification protocol in soil and other natural environments. In this study we developed a technique that minimizes the effects of these constraints, providing at the same time a reliable internal control to distinguish between PCR-inhibition and negative results. We used Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf153, a root-colonizing bacterium that shows biocontrol activity against tobacco and cucumber black root rot, as the target organism for PCR quantification. Prior to DNA extraction, the genetically engineered, cognate reference strain P. fluorescens CHA0/c2 was inoculated in a reference soil. CHA0/c2 in the reference soil and Pf153 in the soil sample were lysed in parallel and afterward the lysates were mixed in known proportions. CHA0/c2 carries the plasmid pME6031-cmp2 that contains an allelic variant (competitor) of the Pf153 specific sequence Pf153_2. In a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay the competitor allows the quantification of the target strain down to 0.66 Pf153 CFU/mg soil. Processing the reference strain in the same way as Pf153 enables the exact quantification of the target strain in biocontrol assays performed in natural soil, overcoming differences in DNA extraction efficiency and PCR amplification from different soil environments. This technique is easily adaptable to other Pseudomonas strains simply by replacing the competitor used here with one derived from a SCAR-marker which is specific for the strain of choice. 相似文献
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基于冠层光谱的锦橙叶片磷素营养监测研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以盆栽蓬安100号锦橙施肥调控试验为基础,利用田间冠层光谱信息探索建立植株磷素营养监测技术与方法。通过采集蓬安100号锦橙95个单株样本的冠层光谱信息和室内检测分析叶片磷含量,随机选取76个作为建模样本,19个为检验样本,运用多种光谱预处理方法和偏最小二乘法(Partial least square method,PLS)及内部交叉验证方法建立校正模型与模型检验。结果表明,经多种光谱预处理方法的建模结果比较,冠层原始反射光谱经二阶求导和SNV处理后建立的蓬安100号锦橙叶片磷含量冠层光谱监测模型预测能力和稳健性最佳,其主成分数4个,能表达全波段63%的信息;校正模型相关系数为0.90,偏差Bias=2.45E-10,且RMSEC和RMSEP均最小。模型检验预测的决定系数R2=0.85。因此,利用二阶导数及标准归一化(Standard normal variate transformation,SNV)预处理的田间冠层光谱信息快速无损监测蓬安100号锦橙叶片磷含量具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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遥感监测土壤湿度的方法综述 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
通过对生态环境水热因子的遥感监测回顾,总结出定量地遥感监测土壤水分的方法主要有:微波遥感监测法、热惯量法、作物植被、亮温综合指数法和热红外法等,并对各方法的原理和具体的适用领域做了介绍和比较。 相似文献
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The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) is one of the most important sucking insect pests attacking certain legumes in Egypt particularly faba bean, cowpea and pea. In this study we monitored the resistance level of three field populations of A. craccivora to seven insecticides belonging to three different chemical classes (organophosphates, carbamates and neonicotinoids). The three populations were collected from three governorates in Egypt namely Dakahlia, Qalyobia and Beni Suef. Diagnostic concentrations (LC90 values for susceptible strain) for each insecticide were established using a leaf dipping technique. Resistance monitoring showed that the field population from Dakahlia was highly resistant to all the tested insecticides. In a similar manner, the population from Qalyobia was also resistant to all insecticides except for fenitrothion to which only moderate resistance was observed. The field population from Beni Suef exhibited a lower level of resistance to all the seven tested insecticides.Biochemical assay showed that esterase activity in these three field populations was generally higher as the enzyme activity ratio ranged from 4.3 to 7.8 fold more than that for the susceptible strain. The activity of the other measured detoxifying enzymes (glutathione -S- transferase and mixed function oxidases) was moderate in the populations from Qalyobia and Dakahlia. Nevertheless, the enzyme activity in A. craccivora collected from Beni Suef was variable and differed slightly from the activity measured in the susceptible strain. Monitoring insecticide resistance among the three aphid populations was a proactive approach to detect any shift in insecticide efficiency. The possible occurrence of resistance in the cowpea aphid to the tested insecticides may be due to the higher activity of carboxylesterases. Further studies on the resistance mechanism to these insecticides are needed to provide insights in how to manage and delay the onset of the resistance and thus prolong the performance of insecticides against A. craccivora. 相似文献
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为探索渍害胁迫下冬小麦灾损程度的可视化监测方法,通过田间试验,分析了麦田16个常用图像特征指数在不同受渍时间下的变化特征及其与冬小麦SPAD值、产量和千粒重的相关关系,并建立了基于图像特征指数衰减量的冬小麦渍害估算模型。结果表明,随渍水时间的增加,红光(R)、红光标准化值(NRI)、超红指数(EXR)、植被颜色指数(CIVE)极显著上升,而绿光标准化值(NGI)、归一化绿红差值指数(NGRDI)、绿-红差值指数(GMR)、超绿指数(EXG)、绿红比值指数(GRVI)则极显著下降;且这9个图像特征指数均与冬小麦SPAD值、产量和千粒重呈极显著相关,相关系数的最大绝对值分别为0.92、0.85和0.91;基于图像指数衰减量所建的SPAD值、产量和千粒重减少量的估算模型均以二次多项式最优,且以CIVE指数衰减量构建的SPAD值、产量和千粒重减少量估算模型的预测精度最高,验证集决定系数分别达到0.98、0.95、0.96。因此,数字图像技术可用于冬小麦渍害监测,且以基于CIVE指数的监测效果最佳。 相似文献
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介绍地市级区域自动站数据传输监控方法,出现数据传输故障自动报警,并提醒业务技术人员及时排除故障,保障区域自动站数据传输的正常运行,保证气象资料的连续性和完整性;通过对站点数据传输故障日志记录的分析,为维护人员判断自动站故障提供帮助。 相似文献
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