甲苯咪唑及丙硫苯咪唑对大白鼠不同感染期的旋毛虫肌幼虫杀虫效力

试验采用甲苯咪唑、丙硫苯咪唑单独给药及联合给药,以300ppm混入饲料连续饲喂的方式,对105只人工感染旋毛虫的大白鼠,在不同感染期采用长短不同的给药时间。结果表明:不同感染期的旋毛虫肌幼虫以甲苯咪唑(150ppm)与丙硫苯咪唑(150ppm)联合给药疗效最佳,其次为甲苯咪唑。较经济的给药时间为:感染期在40～90天之间,横纹肌感染量为2343条/克,给药10天;感染期在90～165天之间,横纹肌感染量为2080条/克,给药15天,感染165天以上,横纹肌感染量为2080条/克,给药20天。     

莫桑比克鳗鲡拟指环虫病药物防治研究

对感染拟指环虫病的莫桑比克鳗鲡（Anguilla mossambic）进行药浴处理,研究三种常用治疗药物的驱虫效果并观察鳗鲡恢复状况。结果表明,吡喹酮是寄生在莫桑比克鳗鲡的拟指环虫的有效驱虫药物,在3ppm浓度下12小时拟指环虫即被全部杀灭,且药浴后鳗鲡恢复状况显著优于其他两种药物。甲苯咪唑和敌百虫对寄生在莫桑比克鳗鲡鳃上的拟指环虫驱除效果不佳。     

Efficacy of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against gullet worm, Gongylonema pulchrum: in vitro and in vivo studies

In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against Gongylonema pulchrum. For in vitro assays, third-stage larvae (L3) incubated with the drugs were administered orally to mice and the ability of larvae to invade the gastric mucosa of the animals was examined. After incubation, only those larvae treated with high concentrations of levamisole (1 and 10 microg/ml) were tightly coiled with intestines exhibiting morphological abnormalities. Good dose-response data for the drugs tested was observed at the time of worm recovery from mice, with no worms recovered at the two highest concentrations of levamisole. In vivo efficacy of the drugs against adult worms was evaluated in six groups of three rabbits, each of which was infected with 30 L3 of G. pulchrum and treated with thiabendazole at 100 mg/kg for 3 days, mebendazole at 70 mg/kg for 3 days, levamisole as a single dose of 8 mg/kg, and subcutaneously injected ivermectin as a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg or vehicles of the drugs (control) at 4 months post-infection. Necropsy 14 days after treatment revealed that levamisole, mebendazole and ivermectin reduced worm burdens by 63.2%, 22.8% and 25.8%, respectively, with no reductions in worms observed with thiabendazole. The surviving worms were principally found in the esophagus with the remainder distributed among the buccal mucosa, the tongue, and/or pharyngeal mucosa in all groups. A number of morphologically abnormal eggs were observed within the uterus and ovijector in female worms recovered from the thiabendazole-treated group. These findings suggest that levamisole exhibits in vivo efficacy against G. pulchrum infection and that the larval invasion tests using mice could be used to screen for anthelmintic susceptibility of nematodes.     

甲苯咪唑国家对照品的研制

为了研制甲苯咪唑国家对照品,采用精制后的甲苯咪唑为原料,并进行质量评价。采用紫外分光光度法、红外分光光度法对原料进行鉴别,采用质量平衡法定值,同时采用容量法和高效液相色谱法加以佐证。结果显示,紫外吸收图谱与标准规定一致、红外光吸收图谱与USP溯源对照品图谱一致;以质量平衡法计算其含量为99.8%,容量法测定含量为99.9%,液相色谱外标法测定含量为99.9%,三种方法测定结果一致。本次研制的甲苯咪唑对照品可用于甲苯咪唑及其制剂的鉴别与含量测定。     

甲苯咪唑在鳗鲡体内的药物代谢及组织残留

采用反相高效液相色谱法定量检测抗鳗鲡拟指环虫药物甲苯咪唑及其代谢产物羟基甲苯咪唑和氨基甲苯咪唑。研究欧鳗经1mg／L甲苯咪唑药浴处理后,其皮肤、脂肪、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中甲苯咪唑的代谢和残留情况。实验结果表明：药浴时,欧鳗在24h内快速吸收药物,皮肤上和脂肪中含有高浓度甲苯咪唑,且甲苯咪唑在欧鳗肝脏和肾脏中转化成羟基甲苯咪唑和氨基甲苯咪唑,其中氨基甲苯咪唑是主要代谢产物;三种化合物在皮肤上的残留量明显高于肌肉;鳗鱼可食用部位（肌肉和皮肤）中甲苯咪唑和羟基甲苯咪唑在3d内代谢浓度降至药残最高限量（0．1mg／kg）,5d内可完全降解消除．但氧墓甲苯眯唑在停药12d后的含量仍高于0．1mg／kg。     

鳗鱼养殖常用药物对铜绿微囊藻繁殖的影响

本文研究了鳗鱼养殖常用6种药物对铜绿微囊藻繁殖的影响,结果表明,二氧化氯、二氯海因、土霉素、敌百虫和高锰酸钾对铜绿微囊藻的96EC50依次为：2.09g/L、66.26mg/L、93.85mg/L、153.54mg/L、1.62mg/L,其对铜绿微囊藻繁殖的抑制效应强度分别为：高锰酸钾〉二氯海因〉土霉素〉敌百虫〉二氧化氯;而甲苯咪唑在0.25-50mg/L验浓度范围内对铜绿微囊藻的繁殖表现出积极的效应,随着浓度的增大铜绿微囊藻的繁殖逐渐递增。     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴的免疫诊断与药物治疗

本文对兔豆状囊尾蚴病的免疫学诊断和治疗进行了试验。首先对酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)诊断本病的条件进行了研究。运用ELISA和间接血球凝集法(IHA)共检查感染免血清79例,未感染免血清47例。ELISA的符合率分别为98.73％和100％。IHA的未感染血清符合率亦为100％,但感染血清检出71例,符率为89.87％,显著低于ELISA的符合率(P<0.05)。此外,作者分四批对人工感染本虫的病兔进行治疗试验。结果表明,甲苯咪唑和吡喹酮对该病均有效,而且前者的效果优于后者,两者合用有协同作用。以甲苯咪唑治疗该病,35mg/kg×3剂量组的有效率可达99.74％,按200mgl/kg大剂量一次投药,疗效可达97％。感染后第10天或第40天开始治疗,效果没有显著差异。     

吡喹酮、甲苯咪唑、溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡的急性毒性

采用静水式急性毒性试验法研究了吡喹酮、甲苯咪唑和溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)(体重为0.87±0.19 g)的急性毒性。试验结果表明,在水温28±2℃时,吡喹酮对花鳗鲡的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为73.85 mg/L、66.71 mg/L、56.57 mg/L、52.72 mg/L,安全浓度为16.34 mg/L;甲苯咪唑对花鳗鲡的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为142.81mg/L、13.80 mg/L、5.19mg/L、1.74mg/L,安全浓度为0.023 mg/L;溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为9.56μg/L、9.34μg/L、7.69μg/L、7.67μg/L,安全浓度为2.68μg/L。吡喹酮、甲苯咪唑、溴氰菊酯对花鳗鲡分别属于低毒、中毒、剧毒药物。甲苯咪唑对花鳗鲡的安全浓度0.023 mg/L远低于欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)的常用浓度1～2 mg/L,因此在花鳗鲡养殖中使用甲苯咪唑制剂需十分谨慎。