牛结节性皮肤病的生物安全防控

牛结节性皮肤病（LSD）是《中华人民共和国进境动物检疫疫病名录》中的一类传染病,在新疆出现之后迅速在全国范围扩散,对我国的奶牛和肉牛养殖业造成严重经济损失。LSD主要通过在边境地区的动物贸易或虫媒活动传入未发生疫情的国家,疫苗接种被认为是防控 LSD疫情最有效的方法之一。各国根据本土疫情的传播情况,制定了不同的疫苗接种计划,目前用来预防LSD的疫苗主要为针对不同病原的减毒活疫苗。但是,在防控LSD的同时也造成了生物安全风险,导致重组疫苗样毒株引发的疫情从中亚向东亚迅速蔓延。只有将切断传播途径、保护易感动物和管控生物安全相结合,才能有效预防LSD疫情爆发,促进养殖业的繁荣发展。     

一种多功能食品加工机的研讨

在食品加工中,各单元操作已使用各种形式的操作单机。如和面机、搅拌机、打蛋机、绞肉机等。目前,像饮食行业和职工食堂等部门,由于加工批量不大,采用单机操作,则机械利用率低,且投资大,管理和使用不方便。如果用一台具有多种功能的加工机代替各种单机,是有一定的经济和实用价值的。因此,我国已开始研制多种功能食品加工机。为了交流信息,加速多功能食品加工机的发展,本文介绍一种具有和面、拌肉馅、打蛋花、打奶酪、绞肉末、挤面条等多种功能的食品机。 并扼要说明该机的整体结构和传动系统,及进行不同作业时所选用的各种附件的结构和工作原理。     

有限元法在抓爪强度计算上的应用

本文采用了三角形单元对抓爪进行了离散,在格楞型抓取工况下计算了在外力函数作用下抓爪的结点应力。其计算结果与实测结果一致。最后分析了抓爪的应力分布。     

木材抓具爪形理论的研究

首先对我国木材抓具中的三种基本爪形,即近似横椭圆爪形、近似圆爪形和近似竖椭圆爪形,进行了理论分析。然后借助于电测技术,在密实楞抓取的工况下,测试了木材抓具爪形对抓具抓取性能的影响、测试指标有抓取力、抓取量、单位抓取力和抓取过程中的“卡死”次数。结果表明,不论从力学角度还是从抓取性能实测结果来看,近似横椭圆爪形性能较好,圆爪形次之,近似竖椭圆爪形性能最差。     

牛疙瘩皮肤病病毒ORF132基因的克隆及其原核表达

为原核表达牛疙瘩皮肤病病毒(LDSV) ORF132并对该基因进行生物信息学分析,本研究采用PCR扩增LSDV的ORF132基因,将其亚克隆至pGEX-6p-1载体中,构建重组质粒pGEX-LSDV-ORF132.生物信息学分析表明,LSDV的ORF132与Neethling vaccine LW1959株LW132、NI-2490株LSDV132和NW-LW株LD132的相应推导氨基酸同源性分别为100％、100％和94.4％,与山羊痘病毒、绵羊痘病毒相应推导氨基酸的同源性为20.7 ％～36％.SDS-PAGE和western blot分析表明,pGEX-LSDV-ORF 132在大肠杆菌BL21中经IPTG诱导主要以包涵体形式存在,其重组蛋白大小约为48.95ku,并且与特异性抗体具有抗原反应活性.     

Actinomyces as a Cause of Osteomyelitis of the Nasofrontal Suture in a Gelding

A 7-year-old American Quarter Horse gelding was referred to the JT Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital at Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, for an investigation of a recurrent swelling of the nasofrontal region. Computed tomography examination of the skull was most consistent with a sequestrum of the left nasofrontal suture with associated focal osteomyelitis and left conchofrontal sinusitis. Surgery to remove the sequestrum, debride the devitalized bone, and flush the left conchofrontal sinus was performed. A microbial culture was obtained at the time of surgery, which yielded a mixed heavy growth of an Actinomyces species. Quantitative PCR indicated a species with 93% resemblance to Actinomyces funkei. A treatment course of two weeks of oral chloramphenicol was prescribed. At three-month follow-up, the owner reported resolution of the swelling.     

Evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for the diagnosis and screening of lumpy skin disease using Bayesian method

The performance of indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for serological diagnosis and screening of lumpy skin disease (LSD) was evaluated using methods without gold standard. Virus neutralization test (VNT) was used as the second test and the study sites were selected from two different geographical places in Ethiopia to get different disease prevalence. The analysis of conditional dependent Bayesian model for the accuracy of IFAT showed that sensitivity, specificity, prevalence of the population Pi₁ and the population Pi₂ were 0.92 (0.89–0.95), 0.88 (0.85–0.91), 0.28 (0.25–0.32) and 0.06 (0.048–0.075), respectively. The posterior inferences obtained for VNT sensitivity, specificity and conditional correlation between the tests for sensitivity (rhoD) and specificity (rhoDc) were 0.78 (0.74–0.83), 0.97 (0.95–0.99), 0.052 (−0.03–0.15) and 0.019 (−0.01–0.06), respectively. The interval estimation of conditional correlation for both sensitivity and specificity clusters around zero and thus conditional dependence between the two tests was not significant. Although accuracy measure would not be the only basis for test selection, the result of our study demonstrated that IFAT has a reasonable high accuracy to be used for the diagnosis and sero-surveillance analysis of LSD in the target population.     

牛疙瘩皮肤病概述

牛疙瘩皮肤病是20世纪发现的在牛群中传播的一种皮肤传染病,该病1929年最早发现于非洲,后传播到世界其他地区,常带来较大的经济损失.论文综述了牛疙瘩皮肤病病原学、流行病学、诊断和防控技术.     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease in Egypt

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease affecting cattle, cause severe economic losses. In the last few years, the disease is widely distributed in many countries in the Middle East, including Egypt. This study aimed to determine the genetic character of LSDV circulating in some governorates in Egypt and its relation with other LSDVs and vaccine strains in GenBank. A total of 50 skin nodules and 50 blood samples were collected from clinically affected cattle to detect LSDV using PCR targeting the P32 gene. The positive samples were characterized using PCR targeting the GPCR gene. The amplified products of four samples detected in the skin nodule of cattle from Alexandria and Kafr ElSheikh governorates were sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Out of 100 analyzed samples, 70 samples were positive for LSDV by PCR assay. In addition, the sequence alignment of the obtained LSDV strains detected in the Alexandria governorate showed high similarity to the LSDV genome (MN995838). In contrast, LSDV strains from Kafr ElSheikh governorate revealed high similarity and the previous Egyptian strain (MG970343), which was isolated from cattle in Sharkia governorate in 2016. Also, the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that one of the LSDV strain (LC601598) from Alexandria is closely related to the LSDV of Menofia/Egypt/2019 (MN271722), while another one (LC601597) is closely related to vaccine strains of LSDV. Moreover, the LSDV strains from Kafr Elsheikh showed closely related to previous LSDV strains isolated from Menofia (MG970343) and Dakahlia (KP071936) governorates and clustered with other LSDV strains in a distinct cluster. This information is for understanding the epidemiology of LSDV and supporting the establishment of an efficient control program for the disease.     

牛结节性皮肤病病毒实验室检测方法研究进展

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的以发热、消瘦、皮肤水肿、局部形成坚硬的结节或溃疡、淋巴结肿大等为主要特征的急性、亚急性传染病。本病目前尚无特效治疗药物,疫苗接种是当前主要的防控措施,但我国目前并没有针对该病的疫苗,因此建立快速准确的检测方法显得尤为重要。本文从该病的病毒分离和鉴定、血清学及分子生物学等方面对LSDV的最新实验室检测方法研究进展进行了综述,以期为LSD的诊断和防控提供参考。