富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质、肠道菌群及结构的影响

本试验旨在研究富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质及肠道的影响。选取505日龄健康的海兰褐壳蛋鸡480只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加12、16、20 mg/kg的富锗酵母菌培养物。预试期7 d,正试期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肉的蒸煮损失分别降低45.2%、33.6%、39.7%(P<0.01),pH均高于对照组(P<0.01);16mg/kg组腿肌的亮度(L~*)低于对照组(P<0.05);12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肌的剪切力分别比对照组低44.13%、56.07%、50.60%(P<0.01);各试验组胸肌pH均高于对照组(P<0.01),16mg/kg组的pH高于12、20mg/kg组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,16mg/kg组乳酸菌数量升高(P<0.05);空肠中,各试验组的绒毛长度高于对照组(P<0.01);16、20 mg/kg组绒毛长度/隐窝深度高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果显示,日粮中添加富锗酵母培养物可以改善下笼蛋鸡小肠的形态结构和肠道菌群平衡,提高鸡肉品质,建议添加量为16 mg/kg。     

Effects of Different Processed Products of Radix Codonopsis on Intestinal Flora of Rats with Spleen Deficiency

[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Meth...     

一种蛹虫草固体饮料对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

[目的]研究蛹虫草速溶粉(佑元茶)对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。[方法]利用抗生素(青霉素钠)构建肠道菌群失调小鼠模型,以正常小鼠为对照,采用菌落计数法考察一种蛹虫草固体饮料对肠道菌群失调小鼠的肠道修复作用。[结果]蛹虫草固体饮料的高、中剂量组小鼠的体重显著高于其他组(P0.05)。高、中、低3个剂量组小鼠肠道中的益生菌乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量均显著高于模型组,且条件致病菌肠球菌数量均显著少于模型组(P0.05);3个剂量组中,中、高剂量组与低剂量组间亦存在显著性差异(P0.05),但中高剂量组间差异不明显。[结论]蛹虫草固体饮料对于抗生素干扰引起的肠道菌群失调具有较好的修复作用,可调节并保持肠道微生态菌群的平衡。     

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public shelters in Serbia

Data on endoparasitic infections in dogs from dog shelters in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public dog shelters in the Republic of Serbia. In 2017 and 2018, individual and pooled fecal samples, were collected from 1267 dogs from six shelters. All samples were qualitatively examined for parasites using flotation tests. Seven taxa of intestinal parasites were identified: Cystoisospora spp., ascarids: Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, hookworms, Trichuris vulpis, taeniids and Dipylidium caninum. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 58. 3 % (78. 1 % in young dogs and 53.1 % in adult dogs). The parasites detected in both young (<1 year old) and adult dogs (>1 year old) were Cystoisospora spp. (20 % and 4.9 %), T. canis (33.5 % and 14.7 %), T. leonina (7.7 % and 2.3 %), and hookworms (16.9 % and 15 %), respectively. However, T. vulpis (9.6 %), taeniids (1.3 %), and D. caninum (5.4 %) were detected only in adult dogs. In the Belgrade shelter, young dogs had a higher prevalence of endoparasitic infections (18.9 %, 49/260) than adult dogs (14.8 %, 149/1007). In the Subotica, Jagodina and Niš shelters, young dogs had significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) prevalence of endoparasitic infections (10 %, 12.3 % and 14.6 %) than adult dogs (5.3 %, 8 % and 7.2 %). These results will be useful for establishing health care programs in dog shelters and implementing effective strategies for the control of intestinal parasites.     

鲤鱼肠道中4种细菌的分离与生化鉴定

为研究健康鲤鱼肠道菌群组成情况,为其饲料添加剂和水质改良剂的开发利用提供基础资料,试验对鲤鱼肠道中的细菌进行分离培养,通过形态特征观察、生化试验进行鉴定.结果:在鲤鱼肠道中分离出4种细菌,分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、沙门氏菌(salmonella)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).     

紫色土中联苯菊酯残留对土著微生物的影响

为了阐明紫色土农药残留的生态环境效应特征及土壤微生物响应机理，以三峡库区具代表性的紫色土为材料，通过玉米盆栽模拟试验和平板计数法，研究了残留态联苯菊酯对紫色土土著微生物数量的影响。结果表明，低浓度联苯菊酯对土著细菌和放线菌有显著的促生效应，依联苯菊酯浓度从低到高，土壤细菌和放线菌数量随时间逐次出现最高峰值：第6天，LB-L处理下的细菌和放线菌数分别达9.02×106 个/g和2.77×106 个/g，约为相应对照的9倍和3倍；第11天，LB-M的细菌数约为对照的77倍，达到5.19×107 个/g；第16天时，LB-H的细菌数为1.71×107 个/g，LB-M和LB-H处理下的放线菌数分别为4.04×106 个/g、4.35×106 个/g。其次，联苯菊酯残留对土著真菌有显著且迅速的抑制作用，即使在2.50 mg/kg残留水平下，真菌数量也会在施加联苯菊酯后第2天发生显著降低。再次，紫色土中3种土著微生物类群对残留态联苯菊酯均表现出一定的生态适应性，但表现有所不同：土著细菌的生态响应存在阈值，土著放线菌表现为较长时期内稳定的促生效应，土著真菌则表现为可恢复的抑制效应。试验表明，土壤微生物数量等生物因素可作为联苯菊酯对紫色土根际微生态影响的重要评价指标。     

中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展

对近年来国内外有关中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落结构的影响进行了综述,旨在为开发绿色高效、营养全面的饲料提供科学的理论依据。     

Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria or synthetic TLR2 agonist boost the growth of chicken embryo intestinal organoids in cultures comprising epithelial cells and myofibroblasts

The intestinal epithelial cells reside in close proximity to myofibroblasts and microbiota, which are supposed to have an impact on intestinal stem cells fate and to influence processes of tissue maturation and regeneration. Mechanism underlying these phenomena and their diversity among vertebrates can be studied in 3D organoid cultures. We investigated the growth of chicken embryo intestinal epithelial organoids in Matrigel with and without Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation. The organoid cultures contained also some myofibroblasts with potential to promote intestinal stem cell survival. Organoid cells, expressing TLR4, TLR2 type 1 and TLR2 type 2 were incubated with their agonists (lipopolysaccharide – LPS and Pam3CSK4) or co-cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria (LA-5). Pam3CSK4 and LA-5 promoted organoid growth, which was demonstrated by comparing the morphological parameters (mean number and area of organoids). The profile of prostaglandins (PG), known to promote intestinal regeneration, in supernatants from organoid and fibroblast cultures were evaluated. Both PGE₂ and PGD₂ were detected. As compared to unstimulated controls, supernatants from the Pam3CSK4-stimulated organoids contained twice as much of PGE₂ and PGD₂. The changes in production of prostaglandins and the support of epithelial cell growth by myofibroblasts are factors potentially responsible for stimulatory effect of TLR2 activation.     

肠道菌群与草鱼个体大小相关性研究

[目的]探讨草鱼肠道菌群与草鱼个体大小之间的相关性。[方法]采用DGGE方法对同一批孵化并在同一池塘中养殖的个体大小显著差异的草鱼肠道样品进行分析。[结果]无论大个体草鱼还是小个体草鱼,其肠道优势菌群均为厚壁菌门和变形菌门,但2组草鱼在其肠道菌群的结构和多样性等方面存在差异。大个体草鱼肠道中存在着更多比例的厚壁菌门以及具有纤维素降解能力的细菌,而小个体草鱼肠道中存在较多的潜在致病菌。[结论]草鱼肠道微生物可以作为内在因素影响草鱼的生长性能,这一结果也为进一步开发可促进草鱼生长性能的益生菌奠定了研究基础。