营养水平对妊娠早期母猪胚胎存活和瘦素、孕酮分泌及基因表达影响

本试验选用63头长白-大白杂交初产母猪,研究营养水平对初产母猪妊娠早期胚胎存活和瘦素(leptin)、孕酮分泌及胚胎瘦素、瘦素受体(Ob-R)、信号传导和转录活化因子-3(STAT-3)、孕酮受体(PGR)、DNA甲基化转移酶-1(DNMT-1)基因表达的影响.将配种后的母猪随机分到高、中、低3个营养水平组按2倍、1.2倍和0.6倍维持需要(分别记为2.0M、1.2M和0.6M)供给饲粮,妊娠12、25和35 d屠宰母猪收集血清和胚胎,用ELISA方法测定血清中瘦素、孕酮水平,用RT-PCR方法研究目的基因在胚胎中的表达差异.结果表明:①胚胎存活率,妊娠12、25和35 d时,1.2M组均显著高于2.0M组(P<0.05);1.2M组妊娠12 d时与0.6M组间差异不显著(P>0.05),而妊娠25、35 d高于0.6M组(P<0.05);②血清瘦素水平,妊娠12 d时,2.0M组显著高于1.2M组(P<0.05),极显著高于0.6M组(P<0.01);妊娠25和35 d时,2.0M组极显著高于1.2M和0.6M组(P<0.01);1.2M组极显著高于0.6M组(P<0.01).血清孕酮水平,妊娠12、25和35 d时,2.0M组极显著低于1.2M组和0.6M组(P<0.01),1.2M组和0.6M组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);③营养水平对胚胎存活重要基因表达的影响,leptin和ob-R基因mRNA的相对表达量在妊娠12、25和35 d时,2.0M组显著高于1.2M和0.6M组(P<0.05),而1.2M与0.6M组差异不显著(P>0.05).妊娠12和25 d时,2.0M组胚胎STAT-3基因的相对表达极显著高于0.6M组(P<0.01);妊娠35 d时,2.0M和1.2M组极显著高于0.6M组(P<0.01).妊娠12、25和35 d时,2.0M组胚胎DNMT-1的相对表达显著高于0.6M组(P<0.05).妊娠12 d时,各水平组胚胎PGR表达差异不显著(P>0.05),妊娠25 d时,0.6M组极显著高于2.0M组(P<0.01),显著高于1.2M组(P<0.05),妊娠35 d时,1.2M组极显著高于2.0M和0.6M组(P<0.01),0.6M组显著高于2.0M组(P<0.05).以上结果表明在妊娠35 d以内以中营养水平饲喂初产母猪具有较高的胚胎存活率.营养水平显著影响瘦素、孕酮的分泌及lep-tin等基因的表达,瘦素、孕酮分泌过高、过低均对胚胎发育不利,高水平饲喂及严重限饲引起胚胎中leptin、Ob-R、STAT-3、PGR、DNMT-1基因表达变化,降低胚胎存活率.     

Seminal plasma did not influence the presence of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukine-10 and interleukin-6 in porcine follicles shortly after insemination

Background

The effects of seminal plasma on the presence of the cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in ovarian follicles and follicular fluid were studied shortly after insemination in gilts.Ovaries from gilts were sampled 5–6 h after insemination with either seminal plasma (SP), fresh semen in extender (Beltsville thawing solution, BTS), spermatozoa in extender (Spz), or only BTS (control).

Results

Immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of TGF-β1, IL-10 and IL-6 was evident in the ovarian oocytes and granulosa cells independent of stage of follicular development (antral follicles). Theca interna cells were labeled to a high degree in mature follicles. No consistent differences between treatment groups could be observed for any of the cytokines.In follicular fluid, high concentrations of TGF-β1 were found while the levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were low. There were no differences between treatment groups.

Conclusions

Our results show a presence of the cytokines TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-10 in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells, as well as in the fluid of mature follicles suggesting a role of these cytokines in intra-ovarian cell communication. However, treatment (SP, fresh semen in BTS, spermatozoa in BTS or BTS) did not influence the IHC-labeling pattern or the levels of these cytokines in follicular fluid shortly after insemination.     

金边胡颓子扦插繁育研究

[目的]提高金边胡颓子扦插成活率.[方法]从不同种类基质、生长激素和不同浓度生长激素等方面研究金边胡颓子扦插繁育方法,统计分析不同处理对金边胡颓子生根率的影响.[结果]用NAA 300 mg/L的浓度浸泡1h的金边胡颓子扦插于混合泥炭的基质中,生根率高且生根迅速,根系长势良好.[结论]该研究为提高金边胡颓子扦插成活率提供理论依据.     

不同质量标准血促性素对杜长大后备母猪排卵数和繁殖性能的影响

血促性素（PMSG）是母猪繁殖调控的重要激素,文章采用效价为220单位/mg和2 580单位/mg PMSG,对后备母猪排卵数和繁殖性能影响进行了研究。高效价试验组与低效价对照组对杜长大后备母猪排卵数影响的试验中,静立发情率和排卵率虽有增高趋势,但差异不显著;平均每头母猪排卵数增加1.47枚,差异显著。高效价试验组与低效价对照组的定时输精试验中,待配分娩率提高11.27个百分点,差异显著;试验组的窝产总仔数和活仔数比对照组分别提高了0.39头和0.69头,差异均显著;试验组的窝产死胎数比对照组虽减少了0.30头,但差异不显著。     

用线性回归法测定生长母猪内源钙、磷排泄量和豆粕钙、磷真消化率的研究

本文旨在用线性回归法(又称梯度回归法,regression analysis technique,REG)测定生长母猪钙、磷内源排泄和豆粕钙、磷真消化率。选择6头大白×长白二元杂交生长母猪,平均初始体重为(27.6±3.0)kg。采用6×6拉丁方设计,以玉米淀粉-豆粕为基础配制6个不同钙(0.04%、0.09%、0.13%、0.17%、0.22%和0.26%)和磷(0.09%、0.18%、0.27%、0.35%、0.44%和0.53%)水平的半纯合日粮,试验共6期,每期8d,预试期6d,正试期2d。结果得出,以日粮干物质采食量(DMI)为基础,粪钙的排泄量随日粮钙摄入量的增加而线性增加(P<0.01),用回归曲线法得出内源钙排泄量为0.43g/kg DMI,豆粕钙的真消化率为23.41%。以DMI为基础,粪磷总排泄量随日粮磷摄入量的增加而线性增加(P<0.01),内源磷排泄量为0.89g/kg DMI,豆粕磷真消化率为41.44%。钙平均表观消化率比真消化率低28.77%,磷平均表观消化率比真消化率低29.24%。结果显示,不同钙、磷水平的豆粕日粮,钙、磷的表观消化率变化比较大,而真消化率相对稳定。用表观消化率进行饲料配方,会导致钙、磷生物学效价的低估,造成钙、磷过量添加和猪粪钙、粪磷的增加。用真消化率评定钙、磷的生物学效价,比表观消化率更准确,因此在配制动物日粮时更能接近动物实际生产需要量,既不造成浪费也不会出现缺乏。     

The Duration of Ovulation in GnRH-Treated Gilts Following Seminal Plasma Infusion

Contents: The relationship between seminal plasma infusion and ovulation time in GnRH-treated gilts was investigated. Following oestrus synchronisation with Regumate (Roussel Uclaf) and PMSG (Pregmagon Dessau) 14 gilts were injected with 75 μg GnRH (Gonavet "Berlin-Chemie") 80 h after PMSG. Seven gilts received an additional intracervical infusion of 80 ml seminal plasma 16 h after GnRH. The laparoscopic observation of follicular development and ovulation started 24 h after GnRH injection in 6 to 1.5 h intervals up to the completion of ovulation. The mean interval between GnRH and completion of ovulation was 40.1 1.6 h in gilts treated with seminal plasma and 40.8 0.7 h in control gilts. There was no additional seminal plasma related effect on the advancement of ovulation compared to GnRH only.     

Food deprivation stimulates the luteolytic capacity in the gilt

The aims of this study were to study the effects of fasting on progesterone (P4) production in the pig and to verify whether fasting influences luteal expression of PGF(2alpha) receptor (FPr) and prostaglandin secretion. Superovulated prepubertal gilts were used; half of them were fasted for 72h starting on day 2 (F2) or 9 (F9) of the induced estrous cycle, respectively, while two groups (C2 and C9) served as respective controls. Plasma P4 and PGFM concentrations were determined by RIA while FPr mRNA expression in CLs collected at the end of fasting period was measured by real-time PCR. In experiment 1, plasma P4 concentrations in fasted gilts were significantly (P<0.01) higher than in controls starting from day 3 (F2; n=6) and 10 (F9; n=6). FPr mRNA expression was similar in F2 and C2 (n=6) CLs while it was significantly (P<0.05) higher in F9 than in C9 (n=6) CLs. In experiment 2, cloprostenol administered on day 12 significantly (P<0.05) increased FPr mRNA expression in CLs from both F9 (n=6) and C9 (n=6) gilts. At the time of cloprostenol injection PGFM levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the fasted group and cloprostenol-induced luteolysis in fasted but not in normally fed gilts. Results from this study indicate that fasting in prepubertal gilts induced to ovulate stimulates luteal P4 and PGFM production as well as FPr mRNA expression, thus increasing luteolytic susceptibility.