内生真菌对高寒草地紫花针茅凋落物分解的影响

禾草内生真菌对于提高宿主植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐性发挥着积极作用,然而,禾草内生真菌共生体凋落物分解对于草地生态系统养分循环的影响仍不清楚。本研究以紫花针茅为研究对象,比较带内生真菌（E+）与不带内生真菌（E-）植株凋落物分解过程中重量及全氮、木质素和纤维素含量,以及木质素∶N、纤维素∶N与全氮、木质素和纤维素残留率的变化,以期揭示内生真菌在紫花针茅凋落物分解过程中发挥的作用。主要结果如下：E+紫花针茅凋落物分解速率高于E-,具有更短的分解周期;随着时间的延长,紫花针茅凋落物木质素含量和木质素∶N由E+显著高于E-逐渐变为二者之间差异不显著,纤维素含量、纤维素∶N和纤维素残留率则逐渐变为E+显著低于E-;另外,随着分解时间延长,E+和E-凋落物全氮含量呈上升趋势,而全氮残留率呈现出下降-上升-下降的趋势,且后期E+显著低于E-。因此,内生真菌不同程度地促进了紫花针茅凋落物全氮、木质素和纤维素的降解。     

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Echinacea Purpurea

It is a burgeoning application field for the biotechnology that to apply the technique of plant tissue culture breed seedling. The authors study the responses of Echinacea purpurea to different proportion plant growth hormone or auxin through adopting the culture tissue technique on the MS. The integrated seedling of Echinacea purpurea can be cultivated by callus, subculture, differentiation and rhizogenesis. The surviving rate of Echinacea purpurea seedling transplant are improved by appropriate sound stimulation appropriate. Study harvest offers the gist for the large-scale breeding seedling and the officinal resource exploitation of Echinacea purpurea in our country, and avoid some traditional handicap in breeding seedling of Echinacea purpurea, such as the difficult of seed collection, low burgeoning rate, and the disadvantage for large-scale propagation.     

Metabolism of [ring-2,6-14]parathion in plant cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), soybean,thorn apple (Datura stramonium) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)

By means of standardized procedures, the metabolism of [ring-2,6-¹⁴C]-parathion was investigated in carrot (Daucus carota L.), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), soybean (Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Mandarin’?, and Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Harosoy 63’? cultivated on B5 and Miller media, respectively), thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell suspension cultures. In the wheat and soybean (Mandarin) cells only 2.9 and 8.9%, respectively, of the applied parthion remained unmetabolized after 48 h of incubation, while 51.2, 57.9, 60.3, and 62.4% of the unchanged parent were detected in the D. purpurea, D. Stramonium, carrot and soybean (Harosoy) cultures, respectively. In all suspensions, paraoxon and 4-nitrophenol were found as phase I metabolites, thus demonstrating that plant tissues can catalyse oxidative desulfuration and dearylation of parathion. 4-Nitrophenol was also glycosylated with glucose and possibly galactose. Further, as yet unidentified, metabolites indicated that bio-transformations had also occurred at the aromatic moiety. Large amounts of non-extractable residues were detected in the wheat suspension (38.3%), while the other cultures showed a lower incorporation of ¹⁴C into insoluble cell material (0.9-9.4%). For a prospective ecotoxicological evaluation of the metabolic fate of pesticides and xenobiotics in plants in general, the differential metabolic capacity of plant cell cultures and plants should be taken into account.     

尾叶桉等植物叶提取液对几种植物插条生根和种子萌发的影响

尾叶桉等植物叶提取液对几种植物插条生根和种子萌发的影响＊黄卓烈林韶湘谭绍满林松煜杨国清莫晓勇关键词尾叶桉落地生根紫竹梅水竹草插条生根种子萌发桉树是相当难生根的植物。当用桉树的成熟枝条扦插时成功率极低［１］，甚至成活率为零［２］。柳树和杨树则是较容易生...     

紫花针茅生殖器官形态的变异及其与环境因子的关系

紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)是青藏高原分布面积最广的植物之一,对高原环境具有广泛的适应性。该植物具有的锥形繁殖体(包括种子和附属结构),是其适应环境的主要特征之一。为揭示该植物对高原环境的适应性表现,本研究对不同纬度的20个紫花针茅种群繁殖体的形态特征及其与环境的关系进行比较研究。结果表明,1)种长的变化幅度为0.692~1.255 cm,种宽的变化幅度为0.392~0.713 mm,芒长的变化幅度为2.394~8.736cm,种子重的变化幅度为0.678~1.560 mg。芒长和种子重具有较高的种群间变异系数。种子重与种长呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),和芒长呈显著正相关关系(P0.05);种长、种宽、芒长相互之间均呈极显著正相关关系。2)种长、种子重与等效纬度均呈显著正相关关系,与年均降水量均呈显著负相关关系;种长与年均温呈现出凸型变异的关系。3)20个种群依据繁殖体特征进行聚类分析可分为3组,聚类结果与地理分布基本一致。     

红菜苔种株采收适期的研究

该试验分析了红菜苔（Brassicacampestuisvarpurpurea）种株不同采收期对种子产量和种子质量的影响。种子质量是以种子活力、种子发芽力和种子大小进行评价的。结果显示，红菜苔十月红一号品种在种株最老熟荚果内籽粒变色后13天为最佳采收期。     

毛地黄优良变异植株组织培养及无性系的建立

研究了毛地黄优良变异植株嫩茎愈伤组织的诱导、分化及无性系的建立。结果表明:MS+1mg/L BA+0.6 mg/L 2,4-D是毛地黄嫩茎愈伤组织诱导的理想培养基;MS+0.5 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/LNAA是愈伤组织分化的理想培养基;MS+0.2 mg/L BA+0.2 mg/LIAA是不定芽壮苗培养的理想培养基;1/3 MS+0.3 mg/LIAA是生根培养的理想培养基;炉灰渣、河沙是生根试管苗移栽的理想基质。     

红果冬青扦插育苗技术的研究

以红果冬青半木质化枝条为材料,研究了不同基质配方和外源激素处理对其生根的影响。结果表明：红果冬青插条在200mg／L的NAA溶液中浸泡3h后,再扦插在珍珠岩和泥炭土（容积比1：3）的基质中,插条的生根率和生根数最大,分别为91．6％和8．2。     

圆叶牵牛浸提液对白菜种子的化感作用研究

圆叶牵牛是成功入侵的一种外来杂草。植物的化感作用在外来杂草入侵中发挥着重要的作用。采用生物测定法研究了圆叶牵牛水浸提液对4个白菜品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同含量的浸提液影响白菜种子萌发的速率,低含量(1%、2.5%)的浸提液促进白菜丰抗78、津绿75的发芽,抑制率为-12.4%～-1.1%,但随着含量的提高,浸提液产生抑制作用,且逐渐增强,抑制率为9.7%～27.2%;不同含量的浸提液均能抑制西由78、早熟5号的发芽。浸提液均能抑制白菜根的生长,抑制率为12.5%～77.4%。低、中含量(1%～7.5%)的浸提液促进株高增加,抑制率为-47.4%～-5.3%,随着浸提液含量的升高,促进作用减弱并转为抑制作用,抑制率为9.10%～31.60%。综合分析,圆叶牵牛浸提液抑制白菜幼苗的生长发育,继而影响最终产量。从综合效应值来看,早熟5号受影响较小,是抗性最好的品种。     

红菜薹栽培与育种研究进展(上)

从红菜薹的品种资源、遗传育种、良种繁育以及栽培生理、贮藏保鲜、品质安全等方面,综述了近20年来我国红菜薹研究的主要成果,可供今后我国红菜薹教学、科研和生产及宏观决策的参考.