不同倍性紫果猕猴桃雌雄株光合特性及叶绿素的含量

为猕猴桃选育和生产提供参考,比较不同倍性紫果猕猴桃雌雄株光响应和叶片叶绿素含量。结果表明:1)倍性和性别均显著影响猕猴桃对光强的响应,随光强的增加,各试样光响应曲线都呈先增加后减小趋势;高光强下,高倍性小种具有更高的光合速率。雄株对高光强具有更高的敏感性,光合速率达最大后其下降幅度更大。2)性别能显著影响猕猴桃叶片叶绿素含量,雄株的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和胡萝卜素的含量均显著高于雌株,其中,Aa8x(♂)叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和胡萝卜素的含量均最高,分别达16.74mg/g、6.15mg/g、22.89mg/g和3.50mg/g。     

Echinacea alkylamides modulate induced immune responses in T-cells

The effects of Echinacea and several of its phytochemical components on NFkappaB expression by Jurkat cells (a human T-cell line) were investigated in vitro. In the absence of stimulation, Echinacea and its components exerted no significant effect on basal NFkappaB expression levels. In the presence of endotoxin (LPS), NFkappaB expression was decreased. However, this decrease was significantly reversed by treatment with cichoric acid, an Echinacea root extract (prepared from both Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea) and the alkylamide fraction derived from this combination. For the phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of Jurkat cells, effects on NFkappaB expression were mixed. Depending on the concentration, cichoric acid and a 2,4-diene alkylamide significantly induced NFkappaB levels, whereas a 2-ene alkylamide caused a significant inhibition. In contrast, both the Echinacea and the mixed alkylamide fraction exerted no effect. The alkylamide results indicate that the two basic forms of these compounds present in Echinacea may have opposing effects. These opposing effects demonstrate the importance of a knowledge, not only of the phytochemical make-up of a herbal preparation, but also of the actions of each component and the consequences of differing relative amounts in the preparation being investigated.     

Growth and accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia grown in hydroponic culture

In separate experiments conducted in 2007 and 2008, growth and accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs; i.e., caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, echinacoside, caffeic acid, cynarin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cichoric acid) were determined in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia seedlings grown in hydroponic culture (floating raft system) at a density of 122 plant m⁻² (at planting). Plants were harvested 11 (2007) or 16 (2008) weeks after transplanting (i.e., 15 or 20 weeks after sowing). In both years, plants grew vigorously and at harvest approximately half of the plants under observation had developed one to three inflorescences. In 2008, the root yield (2940 kg ha⁻¹) harvested in nearly eight months from two consecutive hydroponic cultures was within the yield reported in the literature for field cultivations lasting two to four years. None of the selected CADs was found in the leaves, while the inflorescences (stem and capitulum) contained only caftaric acid and echinacoside at concentrations higher than the detection limits (0.05 mg g⁻¹ dry weight). Echinacoside, cynarin and chlorogenic acid were found in root tissues at concentrations ranging from 0.36 to 5.25 mg g⁻¹ dry weight. In all plant samples, echinacoside, which is the marker compound for E. angustifolia material, did not reach the minimum quality standard (10 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) for the production of standardized extract. We concluded that short-cycle, high-density greenhouse hydroponic culture stimulates plant growth and root production in E. angustifolia, but it does not ensure sufficient CADs accumulation in dried roots.     

紫锥菊复合物对雏鸡人工感染传染性法氏囊病病毒的效果观察

本试验将240只海兰褐雏鸡随机分为8组,每组30只,分别为紫锥菊复合物高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、中药对照组、西药对照组、疫苗对照组、阴性对照组、健康对照组,采用紫锥菊复合物,将试验鸡人工感染传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)强毒,观察紫锥菊复合物对雏鸡的保护作用。结果表明:紫锥菊复合物可以减弱IBDV强毒对雏鸡免疫器官的损害,对传染性法氏囊病强毒感染雏鸡具有明显的保护作用。     

紫锥菊多糖对LPS损伤后IEC-6分泌IL-6mRNA的影响

[目的]探讨紫锥菊多糖(EPS)在内毒素(LPS)损伤后IEC-6分泌IL-6mRNA的影响.[方法]采用Trizon试剂提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增后,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳及图像分析.[结果]当LPS刺激IEC-6细胞时,IL-6mRNA分泌增加.而EPS可以抑制这种作用,并且具有剂量依赖性,50 μg/ml EPS可以部分抑制LPS刺激IEC-6产生的IL-6水平,而100、500μg/mlEPS随着浓度的增加,其抑制IL-6的水平逐渐增加;将IEC-6用50、100、200、500 μg/ml EPS预处理24h,然后用LPS(10 μg/ml)刺激1、4h,采用RT-PCR方法分析得,LPS诱导IL-6mRNA表达被EPS抑制且具有时间依赖性.[结论]证实了LPS作用于小肠上皮细胞后,其分泌的细胞因子IL-6mRNA产生增多,而EPS可以抑制LPS刺激细胞分泌的IL-6mRNA的产生从而起到肠道粘膜的保护作用,并且这种抑制作用具有浓度及时间依赖性.     

紫锥菊提取物对小鼠骨髓细胞微核影响的试验研究

在预试验基础上,选用50只清洁级昆明小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只。紫锥菊提取物经口服灌药的剂量分别为2500、1250、625 mg/kg,另设环磷酰胺阳性对照组与0.9%生理盐水阴性对照组。于第二次给药后24 h处死小鼠,取胸骨脊髓做切片,在油镜下观察微核,计算微核率。试验结果表明,紫锥菊提取物对小鼠骨髓细胞的微核率无影响,结果为阴性。     

广州地区紫锥菊引种与露地栽培试验初报

观察记录了广州地区栽培紫锥菊的物候期,进行了播种期、栽培方式试验,同时对广州地区栽培紫锥菊进行了测产并使用HPLC测定了菊苣酸含量.结果表明,广州地区紫锥菊种植播种期以2月中旬至4月初为宜.区播栽培相对于育苗移栽生物产量显著提高,覆盖黑色地膜栽培不但可以防治杂草、还有利于提高产量.广州地区栽种的紫锥菊产量和菊苣酸含量均...     

紫锥菊提取物抗氧化作用研究

采用分光光度法,研究用3种方法制备的紫锥菊提取物(样品1、样品2、样品3的多酚含量分别为3.76%、6.40%、33.56%)的抗氧化作用,并与V-C进行比较.结果表明,3个样品都具有一定的抗氧化作用,其中以HPD500大孔吸附树脂纯化后的样品3的抗氧化性最好,其还原能力、对H2O2的清除作用上都强于V-C,对OPPH·的清除作用接近于V-C,对·OH、O-2·的清除作用小于V-C.     

饲料中添加紫锥菊提取物对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响

为评价紫锥菊提取物对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响,试验选择体重相近的28日龄仔猪120只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,试验1组饲喂基础日粮为空白组,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的紫锥菊提取物,连续给药7 d,在试验后的1、7、14 d测定免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量,试验期为28 d,试验结束时测定生产性能。结果表明:试验3、4组试验末重和平均日增重较1组相比分别提高4.52%、4.11%、7.27%、5.45%(P < 0.05),试验3、4组料重比较1组相比分别降低6.86%、5.14%(P < 0.05),试验2、3、4组的平均采食量均高于1组(P > 0.05);在试验后7、14 d,试验3、4组血清中IgG含量较1组相比分别提高36.51%、34.72%、9.76%、7.67%(P < 0.05),试验3、4组血清中IgM含量较1组相比分别提高23.53%、11.76%、16.43%、10.96%(P < 0.05),试验2、3、4组仔猪血清中IgA含量均高于1组(P > 0.05)。综上,日粮中添加紫锥菊提取物可以提高仔猪生长性能和免疫机能,并且添加量以1.0%最合适。     

紫锥菊根末的安全药理学研究

对健康昆明小鼠连续一周灌服不同浓度的紫锥菊根末生药液,观察其对健康昆明小鼠中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和心率的影响,以考察紫锥菊根末的潜在不良反应.结果表明,紫锥菊根末对健康昆明小鼠的中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和心率均无明显影响.