滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖和土壤含水量对冬小麦灌浆特性的影响

为阐明滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖和土壤含水量以及两因素交互作用对冬小麦籽粒灌浆、产量形成的影响,以冬小麦矮抗58为试验材料,设计了秸秆处理(覆盖T、不覆盖T0)与土壤相对含水量(40%(W1)、50%(W2)、60%(W3)、70%(W4)4个水平)两因素裂区试验。结果表明:Richards方程拟合秸秆覆盖和水分调控下冬小麦籽粒灌浆过程的决定系数在0.977 5~0.999 6,达到极显著水平。秸秆覆盖和水分调控间的交互作用对除最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率(V)外其他冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征参数的影响达到显著或极显著水平。其中,秸秆覆盖下土壤相对含水量60%(TW3)处理组合具有最长的灌浆持续期T(51.91 d),最长的灌浆中期持续期T_2(15.230 d)和灌浆后期持续期T_3(26.556 d),最大的灌浆中期灌浆速率R_2(0.897 mg/d)和灌浆后期灌浆速率R_3(1.365 mg/d)。产量、水分利用效率和耗水量的二次曲线关系表明,在耗水量240~270 mm可达到产量与水分利用效率双高的效果。本试验中以秸秆覆盖与土壤相对含水量60%(TW3)处理组合水分利用效率最高(29.02 kg/(mm·hm~2)),较秸秆覆盖下土壤相对含水量的70%(TW4)提高了5.30%;产量为7 097.7 kg/hm~2,与TW4处理组合差异不显著。     

Contribution of spray droplet pinning fragmentation to canopy retention

Drop behaviour during impact affects retention. Increasing adhesion is usually seen as an objective when applying crop protection products, while bouncing and shattering are seen as detrimental to spray retention. However, observation of drop impacts on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using high speed shadowgraphy shows that bouncing and fragmentation can occur in Cassie–Baxter as well as in Wenzel wetting regimes. In this last regime, a part of the drop may remain stuck on the surface, contributing to retention. Using simultaneous measurements of drop impacts with high speed imaging and of retention with fluorophotometry for spray mixtures on excised barley leaves using a Teejet 11003 nozzle at 0.2 MPa, it was observed that about 50% of the drops that fragmented in the Wenzel state remain on the horizontal leaf. Depending on the spray mixture, these impact outcomes accounted for 28–46% of retention, the higher contribution being correlated with bigger VMD (Volume Median Diameter). This contribution is not negligible and should be considered when modelling spray retention processes.     

液—液循环流化床液滴形成特性研究

基于图像采集与处理方法对液-液循环流化床液滴形成特性进行了实验研究,提出了形成液滴的3种液-液雾化方式,考察了液-液雾化方式与射流长度脉动、液滴粒径分布的相关性,获得了液-液雾化方式的转变规律以及雾化强度、射流长度脉动和液滴粒径分布基于相对雷诺数的变化规律.结果表明,雾化过程与相对雷诺数密切相关,随着相对雷诺数的增加,雾化强度持续增强,液-液雾化方式由滴流型向层流射流型转变,最后发展为湍流射流型;在整个相对雷诺数实验范围内,射流长度的脉动表现出随机和非周期的特点,其标准方差与平均值的变化规律基本一致,在相对雷诺数为1.3×104时达到最大值;液滴的粒径分布参数一直增大到湍流射流型雾化阶段,在相对雷诺数为2.5 ×104时,液滴的粒径均匀性最好,而液滴平均粒径总体上随相对雷诺数的增大不断减小,形成液滴的最小平均粒径发生在湍流射流型雾化阶段.     

Dot-ELISA间接法检测鸡产蛋下降综合症的研究

常规方法分离纯化鸡ＩｇＧ,免疫山羊制备羊抗鸡ＩｇＧ二抗,以辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）标记制备酶标记物的工作浓度为１∶１０００,选用硝酸纤维素膜（ＮＣ）作固相载体,建立检测ＥＤＳＶ抗原的斑点间接酶联免疫吸附试验诊断方法。检测ＥＤＳＶ鸭胚毒４０份,阳性检出率１００％;人工感染发病鸡的卵巢、输卵管、泄殖腔拭子各５０份,阳性检出率分别为１００％、１００％、９４％。与传染性支气管炎、新城疫、传染性法氏囊病无交叉反应,试验显示该方法简便、特异、快速、结果直观、便于生产应用。     

Fire effects and short-term changes in soil water repellency – Mt. Carmel,Israel

The Mediterranean ecosystem of the Carmel Mountain ridge in Israel is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires of various extents and severities due to intense human activities in the region. On 8 April 2005, a low-moderate severity forest fire occurred at the northwestern part of the ridge and burned more than 150 ha of natural vegetation. Soil water repellency (WR) is a property usually modified by the litter and soil organic matter combustion as a consequence of fire, which has implications for the hydrological balance in the affected soils. A field study was conducted with the following objectives: 1) to investigate in situ WR changes at three soil depths as a consequence of the fire, 2) to evaluate the short-term evolution of WR under field conditions, and 3) to study the relationship between pre-fire vegetation type and slope aspect on the persistence of WR in the burned area. Soil WR was measured by the Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) test. Measurements were conducted monthly at 31 field sites within the burned area over a period of seven months (April 2005–November 2005), and compared to adjacent unburned areas. Soil WR measurements included more than 3400 WDPT tests at soil surface and at 5 and 10 cm depths. The results indicate that fire induced WR in previously wettable soils exhibited high levels of persistence at the soil surface during the first six weeks after the fire, while at 5 cm depth WR persistence was lower. At 10 cm depth soil was mostly wettable. After six weeks the frequency of WR occurrence diminished at the soil surface and at 5 cm depth. In addition, WR was found to be highly related with the pre-fire vegetation type and with slope aspect.     

ND─EDS二联油乳剂灭活苗的研制

用鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）克隆３０毒株接种鸡胚，鸡产蛋下降综合症（ＥＤＳ）ＢＨ９１毒株接种鸭胚，分别收获ＮＤ鸡胚尿囊液毒和ＥＤＳ鸭胚尿囊液毒，用福尔马林灭活，二者混合后，加入１０号白油油相中，制成ＮＤ─ＥＤＳ二联油乳剂灭活苗。该苗接种在产前母鸡，可使接种鸡获得对ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ强毒攻击坚强的抵抗力。该苗安全、稳定，４℃保存期至少可达１２个月以上，适用于基层推广使用。     

大棚西瓜水肥一体化灌溉施肥技术研究

通过微喷灌和滴灌水肥一体化技术与传统沟灌对比试验可以得出,水肥一体化技术在节水、节肥以及提高西瓜品质和促进西瓜生长方面效果显著,节肥28.9%、节水38.7%,糖度和VC含量也有较大幅度提高。     

水锤泵进水系统的试验与分析

着重对水锤泵的进水管直径,倾角及管长进行试验分析,从而提高了水锤泵的提水效率,增强了其适用性。     

基于2DVD的非旋转折射式喷头水滴直径分布规律

采用基于三维视频粒子测量原理的视频雨滴谱仪(Two-dimensional video disdrometer,2DVD)对喷灌机中常用的Nelson D3000型喷头在多个工作压力下水滴直径沿射程的分布进行了测量,分析了水滴直径沿射程的变化趋势及水滴速度、水滴角度与水滴直径之间的关系。结果表明:水滴直径与射程符合指数函数关系,在距离喷头相同测点处,水滴直径随工作压力的升高而减小,而射程末端的水滴直径随着压力的升高而增大;水滴速度随水滴直径增加而增大,两者呈对数关系;水滴落地时与地面夹角(简称水滴角度)随水滴直径增加呈减小趋势,水滴直径小于1.0 mm时,50、100、150和200 kPa工作压力下,与地面夹角为90°的水滴个数占总水滴数的比值分别为90.46%、84.46%、89.91%和89.15%,其余水滴与地面夹角在30°~89°之间,水滴直径在1.0~2.25 mm范围内,水滴角度随水滴直径的增加迅速减小,水滴直径大于2.25 mm时减小趋势变缓,4个工作压力下最大直径水滴落地时与地面夹角平均值为45°;工作压力对于水滴直径与速度、水滴直径与角度之间的关系影响较小。     

减蛋综合征AQ毒株的分离与鉴定

通过鸭胚接种，从发生产蛋下降、产畸形蛋的鸡群中分离到一株病毒ＡＱ毒株。该病毒能在鸭胚和鸭胚成纤维细胞上生长，并能引起明显的胚体病变和细胞病变，对鸡红细胞的凝集作用能被ＥＤＳ７６标准阳性血清所抑制；病毒对氯仿不敏感、耐酸（ｐＨ３．０）、对热（５０℃３０ｍｉｎ）稳定，核酸型为ＤＮＡ，电镜观察见直径约７０～７５ｎｍ的圆形病毒颗粒。初步鉴定ＡＱ株是鸡减蛋综合征病毒。