瑞香狼毒化学成分抑制PC-12细胞神经突起生长活性研究

对瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)的化学成分进行研究,采用硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱、高效液相色谱等多种色谱手段对瑞香狼毒的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,利用NMR、MS波谱分析鉴定3个木质素、1个二萜原酸酯、3个双黄酮、2个黄酮。枇杷素(5)、异落叶松树脂醇(7)和(-)-落叶松树脂醇(8)为首次从该植物中分离得到。PC-12细胞活性试验表明,双黄酮类化合物(狼毒色原酮(2),新狼毒素B(3),异新狼毒素A(4))对NGF依赖的PC-12细胞突起生长有较强的抑制活性(P0.05)。     

群体感应信号物质对吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007在杨树内定殖的影响

为了明确杨树溃疡病生防菌吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007的群体感应系统是否与其内生定殖相关，本文通过群体感应指示菌紫色杆菌CV026和液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱技术（HPLC-Q-TOF-MS）确定其群体感应信号物质种类，并利用结晶紫染色、菌体回收、GFP标记等技术，研究其群体感应信号物质对该菌株生物膜及在杨树苗内的定殖能力的影响。结果表明，菌株JK-SH007产生的群体感应信号物质为含8个碳原子酰基侧链的辛酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯（C₈-HSL）。群体感应信号物质C₈-HSL的添加对该菌株生物膜及在杨树苗内的定殖能力有影响，并且呈现低浓度促进，较高浓度抑制的规律。C₈-HSL的添加与菌株JK-SH007生物膜的OD值和菌体量具有显著相关性，相关系数分别为0.923和0.756。当添加1.0% C₈-HSL终浓度达到5×10^{-8 g/L}时，菌株JK-SH007生物膜的形成量达到峰值。荧光显微镜镜检发现，当添加100 μL C₈-HSL时，杨树组培苗根和茎中GFP荧光标记的菌株JK-SH007的定殖数量明显较CK多。菌株JK-SH007的群体感应与其在杨树内的内生定殖能力密切相关，群体感应信号物质C₈-HSL具有增强菌株JK-SH007内生定殖的能力，同时也表明该物质有利于该菌株生防效果的发挥。     

Neuroprotective labdane diterpenes from Fritillaria ebeiensis

By bioactivity-guided isolation, two labdane diterpenes (1 and 2) have been isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria ebeiensis. Their structures were elucidated as 6α,7β-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene (1) and 6-oxo-2α-hydroxy-labda-7,12(E), 14-triene (2), on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Both of the isolates showed neuroprotective effects against MPP⁺-induced neuronal cell death in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.     

细菌胞间的分子通讯与食品保藏新策略

细菌世界并不寂静，彼此间以信息分子为“语言”互相交流。当环境中群体数量达到一定密度后，细菌通过信息分子发出信号，调整和实施共同的行为，引发群体感应（quorum—sensing，简称QS）现象，从而展现出单个细菌无法实现的新的特征行为和生理功能。导致食品腐败的腐败菌之间也存在QS现象。文章概述了QS现象及其与食品腐败的关系，阐述了以食品腐败菌的QS现象为靶点的食品保藏新策略。     

N-酰基-高丝氨酸内酯类群体感应信号分子检测方法的建立

N-酰基-高丝氨酸内酯（AHL）类化合物是革兰氏阴性菌群体感应系统中最重要的一类信号分子，并调控许多生理特性的表达。但由于AHLs分子为小分子物质，且AHL产生菌所产生的AHL的浓度极低，因此建立有效检测AHLs方法具有非常重要的意义。本研究利用两种细菌生物感应器Chromobacterium violaceum CVO26和Agrobacterium tumefaciens A136（pCF218/pCF372）建立了琼脂扩散法、薄层层析与细菌生物感应器相结合（TLC-Biosensor）、β-半乳糖苷酶活法等检测AHL的生物学方法,为研究革兰氏阴性菌的群体感应系统提供了有效手段。     

Global and Phylogenetic Distribution of Quorum Sensing Signals,Acyl Homoserine Lactones,in the Family of Vibrionaceae

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) and the corresponding signals, acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), were first described for a luminescent Vibrio species. Since then, detailed knowledge has been gained on the functional level of QS; however, the abundance of AHLs in the family of Vibrionaceae in the environment has remained unclear. Three hundred and one Vibrionaceae strains were collected on a global research cruise and the prevalence and profile of AHL signals in this global collection were determined. AHLs were detected in 32 of the 301 strains using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Chromobacterium violaceum reporter strains. Ethyl acetate extracts of the cultures were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with automated tandem MS confirmation for AHLs. N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl) (OH-C6) and N-(3-hydroxy-decanoyl) (OH-C10) homoserine lactones were the most common AHLs found in 17 and 12 strains, respectively. Several strains produced a diversity of different AHLs, including N-heptanoyl (C7) HL. AHL-producing Vibrionaceae were found in polar, temperate and tropical waters. The AHL profiles correlated with strain phylogeny based on gene sequence homology, however not with geographical location. In conclusion, a wide range of AHL signals are produced by a number of clades in the Vibrionaceae family and these results will allow future investigations of inter- and intra-species interactions within this cosmopolitan family of marine bacteria.     

穿心莲超声提取工艺研究

优选穿心莲药材的提取工艺。通过单因素和正交试验,测定穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯三种二萜内酯类的总含量,确定最佳超声提取工艺。确定穿心莲药材的最佳超声提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%,超声时间1h,料液比为1∶15,此条件下穿心莲二萜内酯类的总含量为2.27%。该试验确定的超声提取工艺稳定可行,方法可靠,可为穿心莲有效成分的提取提供理论依据。     

申氏杆菌37-1中群体感应淬灭内酯酶AiiS的功能分析

许多植物病原细菌通过群体感应（quorum sensing,QS）系统调控相关毒性因子的表达,而群体感应淬灭（quorum quenching,QQ）是通过干扰QS系统,达到防治植物细菌性病害的重要策略之一。本研究利用原位培养法分离得到2000多株不同菌株形态的植物根围细菌,结合QS系统信号分子检测平板筛选到7株具有QQ活性的候选细菌,其中菌株37-1可完全降解信号分子。16S rDNA序列分析表明,菌株37-1属于Shinella sp.。全基因组序列分析发现菌株37-1中存在一个可能的QQ降解酶编码基因aiiS（autoinducer inactivation gene from Shinella sp.）。系统发育分析表明AiiS属于α/β水解酶家族蛋白。液相色谱-串联质谱分析进一步表明AiiS可水解N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯（N-acylhomoserine lactone,AHL）类QS信号分子中的内酯健,生成酰基高丝氨酸,因此AiiS属于AHL内酯酶。将aiiS基因导入胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum Z3-3中,可显著降低该菌AHL信号分子和果胶酸盐裂解酶的产生及其在白菜、马铃薯和胡萝卜上的致病性。以上结果表明菌株37-1中AiiS蛋白是一种AHL内酯酶;病原细菌中异源表达aiiS基因可有效干扰相关病原细菌中QS系统的调控功能,表明AiiS蛋白具备开发为潜在新型生防制剂的价值。     

A new chlorosesquiterpene lactone from Ambrosia maritima

A new chloro-pseudoguaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactone, 11β-hydroxy-13-chloro-11,13-dihydrohymenin (1), was isolated from the Egyptian medicinal plant Ambrosia maritima. The structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, particularly high-resolution ¹H, ¹³C-NMR and 2D ¹H–¹H and ¹H–¹³C COSY NMR analysis.     

Reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against field isolates of Haemonchus contortus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against two field isolates of Haemonchus contortus. These isolates were identified on separate properties in the New England region of New South Wales. PROCEDURE: Reduced efficacy of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics against two field isolates of H contortus was suspected. These isolates were obtained from sheep on separate farms and pen trials were performed to investigate the efficacy of macrocyclic lactones. The percentage efficacy was calculated for moxidectin, ivermectin and closantel against the isolate from one farm (VHR23) and for moxidectin, ivermectin and abamectin against the isolate from the second (VHR29). The persistent activity of moxidectin against both isolates was investigated. RESULTS: Ivermectin and closantel were found to have efficacies below 80% against established populations of VHR23. Moxidectin was effective against an established population of VHR23 but the persistent activity was reduced to 7 days. Moxidectin was also found to be effective against established populations of VHR29, however, ivermectin and abamectin were found to have efficacies below 80%. There was no evidence of persistent activity of moxidectin against VHR29. CONCLUSION: A reduction in efficacy of abamectin and/or ivermectin against field isolates of H. contortus was identified from two farms in the New England region of New South Wales. The persistent effect of moxidectin was reduced against both isolates.