羊传染性脓疱病研究进展

羊传染性脓疱病主要感染山羊和绵羊,近年来发现其也可感染包括人在内的多种动物,为一种人兽共患病。对羊传染性脓疱病的病原学、流行特点、临床症状、病理变化、诊断及防治等方面进行了综述。     

羊传染性脓疱病的流行及诊治

本文主要对羊传染性脓疤病在我国的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防治等方面进行了概述,以便对该病的诊断和防治提供参考。     

Effect of Antibiotic-containing Extenders on Taylorella equigenitalis Contaminated Semen

Taylorella equigenitalis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the causative agent of a transmissible venereal disease in horses known as contagious equine metritis. Outbreaks of contagious equine metritis have been documented in various countries since 1977, with the most recent discovery in the United States in December 2008. During disease occurrences, culturing semen samples for T equigenitalis before breeding may help to prevent transmission of this disease; however, little is known about the antimicrobial activity of equine semen extenders against the organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the infectivity levels of T equigenitalis in three equine semen extenders inoculated with known concentrations of the organism. The semen extenders used for this study included INRA 96, E-Z Mixin BF, and VMDZ. In addition, Timentin was added to INRA 96 at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL) to investigate possible synergistic effects of antibiotic supplementation of extenders. Results were based on the visual counting of the colonies on chocolate Eugon agar plates. Both INRA 96 (with added Timentin) and VMDZ (as supplied by the manufacturer) significantly reduced the numbers of T equigenitalis isolated from semen extenders as compared with INRA 96 (as supplied by the manufacturer) or the antibiotic free E-Z Mixin BF. Our findings indicate that INRA 96 (with added Timentin) or VMDZ may significantly decrease the growth of T equigenitalis in extended semen; however, it is also important to consider the possible effects of antibiotic supplemented extenders on sperm longevity and fertility in addition to eliminating specific pathogens in semen.     

牛传染性胸膜肺炎补反阳性牛病理形态学观察

通过对14头牛肺疫补反阳性牛的病理形态学观察,未发现有牛肺疫的典型病变;肺脏的病原微生物学检查呈阴性结果。但在胸腔和肺脏出现了一些程度不同的修复性变化、淋巴细胞增生性反应和某些局灶性病变。这些变化显然与肺线虫幼虫的寄生有关,也可能同时存在着对牛肺疫病原体抗原性刺激的免疫反应和既往炎性渗出物的修复过程。观察中还发现,这批病例除肺线虫外,肝片吸虫和心肌肉孢子虫的寄生也相当普遍,所以寄生虫的问题应引起有关部门的重视。     

应用间接血凝试验检测牛肺疫抗体

自制1.5％绵羊红细胞诊断液并用于检测牛肺疫抗体,结果如下:(一)三批标准阳性血清(批号为8601、8301、8001)凝集价均在160倍以上,标准阴性血清(批号为8601)凝集度仅为10倍。15份被检血清IHA的阳性检出率(8/15)高于补体结合反应(CF,6/15)且凝集价均在40倍以上。(二)用牛肝片吸虫病、布氏杆菌病和附红细胞体病阳性血清作类症鉴别诊断,凝集度仅为10倍。(三)把牛肺疫CF8502抗原作倍比稀释,加2个凝集单位牛肺疫阳性血清8601和8301进行间接血凝抑制试验,分别被32倍和16倍稀释的抗原所抑制,本项试验结果表明IHA用于检测牛肺疫,具有检出率高、特异性强、设备要求简单、容易操作等特点,适于在现地推广应用。     

Transmission studies with the contagious equine metritis bacterium in albino Swiss mice

Aspects of experimental transmission of the causal bacterium of contagious equine metritis (CEM) to albino Swiss mice were investigated. Whereas infection was established in the majority of female mice, the organism was recovered from only a limited number of male mice after challenge. No clinical evidence of infection was observed in the experimental mice. There was only one instance of presumptive venereal transmission of the CEM bacterium. One third of infected females conceived and had normal litters.     

Characterisation of protein and antigen variability among Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) and Mycoplasma agalactiae field strains by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) (Mmm LC) and Mycoplasma agalactiae are the most important mycoplasma species involved in the contagious agalactia syndrome. A total of 25 field strains from Spain and the two type strains were analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Two polyclonal antisera (PAbs) raised against a pool of strains of each mycoplasma species were used. The results revealed a high degree of protein variability among the field strains. The type strain of Mmm LC appeared to be representative of the field strains of this species, whereas this was not the case with the M. agalactiae type strain. Whereas M. agalactiae is known to possess a gene family regulating surface antigen diversity, there is a need to study the mechanisms used byMmm LC to generate antigenic variability in more detail.     

Differential clustering of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strains by PCR-REA of the bgl locus

In order to develop a specific tool differentiating the African field strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC from other potentially less virulent strains, including the vaccine strains, we have developed a PCR followed by a restriction enzyme analysis (PCR–REA). This approach also differentiates the African field strains from the Australian strains and the type strain PG1. The genomic marker detected by the PCR–REA is based on a single nucleotide change in the bgl gene that codes for 6-phospho-β-glucosidase (Bgl), an enzyme that is involved in sugar metabolism.     

甘肃东部地区羊传染性脓疱皮炎病的调查及防治试验

为了解甘肃东部地区羊传染性脓疱皮炎病流行情况，于2018年-2020年通过调查问卷和随机采集血样检测，并在流行区采用3种剂型的红茂草制剂进行治疗及羊传染性脓疱皮炎耐热活疫苗免疫试验。结果显示，养殖规模小的羊场或散养户易发该病；经PCR检测环县羔羊每年的发病率在16%以上；经3种剂型的红茂草制剂治疗不同年龄的发病羊，治愈率均达到86.9%以上；经免疫预防，羊群的发病率下降了24.15个百分点。通过调查及防治试验，摸清甘肃东部地区羊传染性脓疱皮炎病的流行态势，验证防治措施。     

海晏县绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学诊断

用绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎（MO）间接血凝试验，对来自青海省海晏县的110份绵羊血清，进行了绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎血清检测。结果：从110份绵羊血清中检出抗绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎抗体的阳性血清28份，阳性率为25．45％；表明海晏县的绵羊群中存在绵羊肺炎支原体的感染。