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1.
硫酸多粘菌素E在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
健康断奶仔猪 5头 ,分别进行单剂量肌注 (2 5和 5 0mg/kgb .w .)和静注 (2 5mg/kgb .w .)给药 ,并用微生物学方法对硫酸多粘菌素E在猪体内的药代动力学和绝对生物利用度进行了研究。以 3P97程序处理血药浓度—时间数据 ,结果表明 ,以 2 5和 5 0mg/kgb .w .的剂量肌注给药时 ,其血清中药物的峰浓度 (Cmax)分别为 3 73± 0 2 8μg/ml和 6 40± 0 1 8μg/ml,达峰时间分别为 32 2 2± 1 51min和 34 1 8± 1 76min ,消除半衰期 (t1 / 2 β)为 2 55 99± 1 3 65min和 2 64 0 8± 2 8 57min ;以 2 5mg/kgb .w .的剂量静注给药时 ,其消除半衰期 (t1 / 2 β)为 2 51 2 8± 1 2 53min。静注和肌注在体内的分布均为一级吸收二室模型。肌注 2 5和 5 0mg/kgb .w .剂量的注射液时 ,其平均绝对生物利用度分别为 98 30 %和 88 54 %。  相似文献   
2.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important threats of the 21 st century. Wild birds have been described as reservoirs of AMR in different bacterial species, such as Salmonella spp. Privation of food, climate change and overpopulation have forced many wild species to modify their feeding habits, attending urban areas. In this context, the aim of this study was to study Salmonella presence, as well as related AMR in urban birds that inhabit the city and its surroundings. A total of 300 urban birds were sampled for Salmonella detection according to the ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D) recommendations, and serotyping was carried out according to the White-Kauffman-Le Minor scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested following 2013/652/EU Decision guides. Wild birds analysed were positive for Salmonella in 12.3 % of cases, with white storks fed in landfills as the most Salmonella prevalent species (p < 0.05). The most common serovars isolated were zoonotic (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Typhimurium monophasic variant). From Salmonella isolated strains, 40.5 % were resistant to the most prevalent AMRs found in urban birds were ciprofloxacin (36.4 %), nalidixic acid (36.4 %) and colistin (27.3 %). The scientific community, public administration and population in general should work together to control antimicrobial administration and drug waste management in order to decrease the development and spread of AMR.  相似文献   
3.
The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) from raw bovine and caprine milk samples, as well as from bovine faeces in Tunisia. Therefore, 120 bovine faecal samples and 9 caprine raw milk samples were collected from 2 extensive dairy-cow-farms and 5 ovine farms, respectively. In addition, 94 raw bovine milk samples, from containers and holding tanks from 50 small public-markets in the North of Tunisia, were processed for the isolation of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (CTXR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc-diffusion/broth-microdilution methods. The presence of genes encoding ESBL, as well as those encoding colistin (mcr-1 to 5 genes)- sulfonamide-, tetracycline-, gentamicin-, quinolone and chloramphenicol-resistance and class 1 integrons were tested by PCR (and sequencing in some cases). ESBL-EC isolates were further characterized by phylogrouping and MLST/PFGE typing. Eight samples (3.6%) contained ESBL-EC isolates (3/2 from raw bovine/goat milk and 3 from cattle faeces) and one isolate/sample was characterized. Four ESBL-EC isolates, all of bovine origin (3 faeces/1 milk), were resistant to colistin (MIC: 8–16 μg/ml), harboured the mcr-1 gene and carried IncP- and IncFIB-type plasmids. The 8 ESBL-EC strains had the following characteristics: a) bovine faeces: mcr-1/CTX-M-1/D-ST1642 (3 strains); b) raw milk: mcr-1/CTX-M-1/A-ST10 (1 strain); CTX-M-15/B1-ST394 (3 strains), and CTX-M-15/A-ST46 (1 strain). Most of bovine ESBL-EC isolates were multidrug-resistant (4/5). Our results showed that ESBL-EC were detected in bovine and caprine samples (CTX-M-1/CTX-M-15 producers), being some of them colistin-resistant (associated with mcr-1 gene), and they belonged to international clonal lineages.  相似文献   
4.
The present studies were conducted to compose an injectable solution of colistin sulfate containing local anaesthesia, antioxidant and other additions. Results showed that the novel preparation was stable either to heat or to light. The term of validity of the preparation was 2 years at room temperature.The preparation containing 25.0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed no local tissue irritation, but the concentration of 50. 0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed obvious local tissue irritation. Result of acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of intramuscular injection in mice was 38. 72 mg kg-1 , and oral LD50 was 431.39 mg kg-1. The evidence of neurotoxicity was observed in mice in the acute toxicity test. A dose of 10.0 mg kg-1 b.w. or 15:0 mg kg-1 b.w. was administered intramuscularly to piglet once daily for 5 days. No changes were detected in the piglet body except for the slight epithelial tissue's granular degenerations in the kidney and liver at the dose of the 10. 0 mg kg-1. While at the dose of 15.0 mg kg-1 , the obvious neurotoxicity was observed at 4 - 5 days. The epithelial tissues in the kidney and liver showed moderate granular degenerations, especially in the tubuli renales cells. Blood cell's morphosis indexes were normal. With relation to liver's function, the indexes went beyond the normal scope. But with relation to kidney's function, the indexes showed mostly normal.When the preparation was separately administered into muscle(i. m. ) in piglets with the dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w, whose Cmax were 3.73±0. 28 and 6. 40±0. 18 μg ml-1; Tmax were 32±1.5 and 34±1.8min;t1/2β were 256±14 min and 264±29 min, respectively. t1/2β was 251±13 min for the injection given into aural vein(i. v. ) with the dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 b.w.. Samples of the experimentally determined plasma concentration of colistin sulfate generated two-exponential model with first-order absorption. The mean absolute bioavailability coefficient of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w. (i. m. ) were 98. 30 and 88.54%, respectively. The high bioavailability and the long maintaining time of the valid blood-drug concentration showed that the injectable solution was suitable for i.m. in pigs, whose recommended dose was 2.5 mg kg-1 b. w., twice daily.  相似文献   
5.
建立了牛奶中粘菌素和杆菌肽药物残留的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法,样品用4%三氯乙酸乙腈溶液提取,经乙醚除脂,HLB固相萃取柱净化,相色谱-串联质谱法分析,外标法定量。结果表明:粘菌素和杆菌肽在20~2 000μg/L浓度范围内呈现良好线性,R2均大于0.998;方法检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg;粘菌素和杆菌肽分别在10~100μg/kg和10~1 000μg/kg浓度添加范围内的平均回收率为84%~110%,批内、批间RSD均小于20%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等优点,能够满足牛奶中其残留检测有关法规的要求。  相似文献   
6.
环丙沙星与粘菌素联合对猪大肠杆菌的体外抗菌研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测定了环丙沙星与粘菌素对分离的猪大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及两药联用对猪大肠杆菌的部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数。实验结果表明:环丙沙星对5株大肠杆菌的MIC≥32μg/mL,粘菌素的MIC≥16μg/mL;环丙沙星与粘菌素联用时,FIC指数介于0.09375~0.125,并可同时显著降低两药的MIC值,表现为显著的协同作用。  相似文献   
7.
硫酸多粘菌素E注射液及其药物动力学研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
 采用硫酸多粘菌素E为原料与局部止痛剂、抗氧化剂及其它附加剂 ,在一定的 pH值范围内配制成硫酸多粘菌素E注射液。 2 .5 %硫酸多粘菌素E注射液无明显的局部组织刺激性 ,而 5 .0 %硫酸多粘菌素E注射液刺激性较严重。硫酸多粘菌素E对小鼠急性毒性表现为神经中毒症状 ,LD50 分别为 38.72mg·kg-1(肌注 )和 4 31.39mg·kg-1(内服 )。给断奶仔猪肌内注射 10 .0mg·kg-1(每天 1次 ,连续 5d)剂量 2 .5 %硫酸多粘菌素E注射液 ,肝、肾组织有轻微损伤 ,未见其它不良症状 ;按 15 .0mg·kg-1(每天 1次 ,连续 5d)剂量连续给药 ,4~ 5d后有明显的神经中毒症状 ,肝、肾组织损伤较 10 .0mg·kg-1剂量严重。试验中血液形态学检查未见异常 ;与肾功能相关的血液生化指标基本正常 ,而与肝功能相关的血液生化指标比正常范围偏高 ,但在停药 5d时各项指标均恢复正常。分别以2 .5和 5 .0mg·kg-1的剂量肌注给药时 ,其血清中药物的峰浓度 (Cmax)分别为 3.73± 0 .2 8和 6 .4 0± 0 .18μg·ml-1,达峰时间分别为 32± 1.5和 34± 1.8min ,消除半衰期 (t1/ 2 β)为 2 5 6± 14和 2 6 4± 2 9min ;以 2 .5mg·kg-1的剂量静脉注射给药时 ,其消除半衰期 (t1/ 2 β)为 2 5 1± 13min。静注和肌注在体内的分布均为一级吸收二室模型。肌注  相似文献   
8.
硫酸粘杆菌素(Colistin sulfate)对大肠杆菌的抗生素后效应   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
用微量稀释法潮定的硫酸粘杆菌素(colistinsulfate)对4株大肠杆菌的最小抑茵浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。分剐为0.2~O.8mg/k和0.8~1.6mg/k。2MIC硫酸粘杆菌素对4株大肠杆菌作用2h后。l000倍稀释去除药物。硫酸粘杆菌素对4株大肠杆菌的抗生素后效应(PAE)在1.062-2.017h之间。64、32、16、8、4、2MIC硫酸粘杆菌素对大肠杆菌CMCC44103作用2h后。l000倍稀释去除药物。硫酸粘杆菌素PAE的平均值分别为0.517、2.487、2.037、1.727、1.467、1.057h。PAE与药物浓度呈正相关。  相似文献   
9.
为了预防和治疗由细菌感染引起的猪腹泄症,从感染患畜粪便中分离出猪大肠杆菌(E.coli)和沙门氏杆菌(S.tysphimurium).针对此两种细菌,我们作了诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin)和家畜临床治疗中常用的几种抗生素的联合应用效果的研究,在实验中应用反应板方法(Checkerboardmethod)观察这几种抗生素的并用效果和他们之间的相互作用.针对大肠杆菌的实验结果表明,诺氟沙星和多粘菌素E(Colistin)的联合应用效果显现出增强作用;但是诺氟沙星和四环素(Teracycline)间的联合应用出现拮抗作用.针对沙门氏杆菌的实验结果表明,诺氟沙星和多粘菌素E的联合应用显现出增强作用.诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin)和多粘菌素E(Colistin)针对大肠杆菌并用时的相对抑菌浓度(FIC)为0.08,诺氟沙星和多粘菌素E针对沙门氏杆菌并用时的相对抑菌浓度(FIC)为0.25,两种抗生素的抗菌效力可能随着两种药物的配合比例的不同而有一定的差异.  相似文献   
10.
Two trials were conducted to evaluate spray dried animal plasma and calcium formate as alternatives to preventive medication with colistin in piglets experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli K99. Two groups of newly weaned pigs were offered four treatments consisting of: Negative Control (NC); spray dried animal plasma (SDAP); calcium formate (CF) and colistin (COL). All animals were experimentally challenged with a single oral dose of E. coli K99. Their performance was recorded and, in the second trial, 6 piglets from each treatment were killed to obtain samples of jejunal mucosa for histological measurements and digesta from the ileum and the caecum for microbiological determinations. SDAP improved weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed intake (P < 0.06) in the first two weeks after weaning of trial 1, and a similar response, although not statistically significant, was found in trial 2. Colistin also resulted in a numerical improvement in performance, but calcium formate did not. No clear effects on mucosal histology were observed and only colistin had a significant effect on the microbiological composition of digesta.  相似文献   
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