Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis specific bacteriophages isolated form poultry faeces as a complementary tool for cleaning and disinfection against Salmonella

Salmonellosis represents an important public health concern. Several authors point out the inefficiency of the cleaning and disinfection protocols to remove the bacteria from the field. For this reason, innovative techniques, as bacteriophages, could be implemented to control the bacteria. The main objectives of this study were to assess the effect of bacteriophages against Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis on farm surfaces, and to evaluate bacteriophage procedure application as sanitiser against Salmonella in field conditions. Thus, most prevalent serovars in poultry production were selected (Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis) to contaminate farm facilities. Then, two specific bacteriophages isolated from poultry faeces were applied against them. Results showed Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis decreased of 4.55 log₁₀CFU/mL and 3.85 log₁₀CFU/mL, respectively; the maximum reduction in Salmonella was the 5^th day, after 10⁸ PFU/mL and 10³ PFU/mL bacteriophage application. These results highlight bacteriophages as a promising tool together with cleaning and disinfection.     

微型稻麦联合收获机气流式清选装置研究

为提高应用于丘陵山区作业的微型稻麦联合收割机作业质量,设计了气流式清选装置。通过设计计算确定了气流式清选装置主要工作部件(清选筒、吸风管、吸风机)的结构参数和工作参数,对清选筒进行了三维实体模型气流流场仿真分析。结果表明,清选装置结构、气流风速分布符合设计要求,清选分离效果好。经水稻收获田间对比试验表明:装有气流式清选装置的微型联合收获机具有结构紧凑、转移方便等原机特点;清选筒气流流场的风压风速分布满足设计要求;与没有清选装置的微型联合收获机相比,总损失率从3.8%下降到2.34%,破碎率从1.5%下降到1.4%,含杂率从7.2%下降到1.2%,分别下降了38.42%、8.33%和83.33%,达到了国家行业标准JB/T 5117—2006的要求,其中含杂率下降尤为显著。     

割前摘脱稻麦联合收获机分离清选装置物料运动模拟

利用Fluent软件中修正的k—ε湍流方程及拉格朗日法的离散相模型对4ZTL—1800型割前摘脱稻麦联合收获机分离清选装置内物料运动进行了数值计算,得到了物料在分离清选装置内的运动轨迹,沉降、分离、清选等运动规律,并通过数值计算得到物料质量流量、分离装置入口气流速度和分离清选装置收集物料的清洁率的关系。     

新型分离清选装置的试验研究

针对实际应用中分离清选机械的不足，研制了一种新型分离清选装置。工作时，利用独特的钢丝回转筛结构，保持了有效的筛分效率。通过试验，考察了生产率、净度、夹带率等清选效果指标，获得了合理的钢丝回转筛结构和工作参数。     

油菜脱出物在气流中的运动分析

测定了油菜脱出物的空气动力特性，基于ADAMS研究了气流参数的变化对脱出物运动状态的影响，并对油菜脱出物在流场中的运动进行了仿真分析，选择了适合于油菜脱出物分离的气流参数，同时指出了气流清选油菜脱出物时存在的局限性。     

物料状态对圆筒式短茎秆清理装置性能的影响

以喂入量和含杂率为试验因素，研究了圆筒式短茎秆清理装置的分离性能，分析了该装置沿长度方向的分离规律，给出了使用中的长度确定原则。     

油菜联合收获机筛面粘附物摩擦特性

The main ingredients and structure of rape adhesive materials on cleaning sieve were analyzed for sieve hole blocking and multiply increased cleaning loss caused by the adhesive materials. Size distribution of rape adhesive materials on cleaning sieve was obtained. 77% of the adhesive materials’ size were from 0.3mm to 2.5mm, and the main ingredients were distinctly different with different size range. Friction coefficient tests of rape nutshell, rape stalk & the adhesive materials were carried out. It was pointed out that their friction coefficients were commonly increased with the raise of their moisture, and the friction coefficients between the adhesive materials and metal reached to 0.71.     

洗涤效果与温度关系的理论探讨

表面活性剂是洗涤剂的必要组分。分析温度与不同表面活性剂的溶解度、表面张力和加溶作用的关系,结果表明,温度对洗涤效果的影响是多方面的。     

轴流式脱粒-清选装置试验台的设计

针对全喂入联合收获机田间试验费时、费工,诸多参数无法调整,数据获取困难、精度不高,可重复性较差等问题,设计了轴流式脱粒-清选室内试验台。机械系统采用可组合的模块化结构,工作部件更换和运动参数调整方便,设计了分析脱出物、清选后籽粒的空间分布的接粮箱。以PLC作为硬件控制系统的核心,采用虚拟仪器技术构建的测控软件系统,可方便实现对工作部件的转速、振幅、频率、扭矩、功率等参数进行实时采集、显示、处理与分析,为轴流式脱粒-清选装置的设计提供试验依据。     

Application of a Cleaning System Made up of a Centrifugal Fan with Double Channel and One Sieve to Combine

In this paper the application of a cleaning system which was made up of a centrifugal fan with double channel and one sieve to 4LZ-3.5 combine was introduced.This cleaning system with double channel compared with the traditional air-sieve cleaning system of combines may omit one two sieves and simplify the transmission mechanism.It is also compared with the present cleaning systom with double channel applied to some combines,such as the Commandor 112CS/228CS combines of Claas Corporation in Germany and the MAXIMIZER^TM combines of John Deere company in U.S.A.It may omit one sieve and the precleaner and simlity the transmission mechanism.The measuring results indicated that the cleaning ratio of wheat grain is 99.1% and the cleaning loss ratio of wheat is 0.17% when the feed rate is 4.01kg/s.