高效液相色谱法测定青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量条件探讨

本文应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化，建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明：乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系，且相关系数R2均大于0.999，加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%，标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.01%~0.58%，表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L，适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。 [关键词] 高效液相色谱（HPLC）|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸     

灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵及药理作用的研究进展

以灵芝生长特性、液体发酵、药理作用为切入点,综合查询近5年发表的收录于中国知网和艾斯维尔等数据库中的相关文献,就灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵条件、药理作用方面的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用灵芝资源提供依据。指出现今灵芝的药理作用等基础研究较多,而生长栽培和发酵条件优化的研究报道则较少,而其临床应用的机制则有待进一步探讨。     

添加物对木耳液体菌种老化的影响

以黑木耳品种‘黑威15’为试验材料,研究营养物质对木耳液体菌种生长及老化的影响,筛选抗老化及易老化培养基,研究其抗氧化酶活性、底物降解酶活性、抗氧化物质及膜质过氧化程度变化规律。结果表明,①与对照组相比,添加磷酸二氢钾及VB1可延缓菌丝老化,且促进菌丝生长。添加硫酸镁对菌丝老化有缓解作用,但抑制菌丝生长。添加过量氮源可促进菌丝生长且加速菌丝老化。②与对照及易老化培养基相比,抗老化培养基中菌丝总蛋白含量、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、淀粉酶活性显著提高。表明活性氧自由基清除系统相关酶活性的提高对延缓菌丝老化具有重要作用。③SOD活性随菌龄增加而逐渐减小,与菌龄呈显著负相关。在抗老化培养基中,丙二醛含量随菌龄增加而降低,两者间呈显著负相关。在对照及易老化培养基中,MDA含量随菌龄增加呈上升趋势,两者间呈显著正相关。研究对分析木耳菌丝老化机制及解决液体菌种老化问题具有理论价值。     

不同作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)作为麦田恶性杂草之一,给中国小麦生产带来了严重的经济损失。为探究农作物秸秆在节节麦生态防治方面的作用,本试验采用了滤纸培养皿法和小杯法研究了不同浓度的玉米、油菜、水稻秸秆及稻壳腐解液对节节麦种子萌发率、发芽指数及幼苗根长、苗高和干重5项生物指标的影响。结果表明,当浓度为6.25 mg/mL时,玉米、油菜秸秆腐解液对节节麦幼苗干重表现为促进作用,对其他测定指标均为抑制作用。稻壳腐解液除了对根长具有抑制作用外,对其他指标均具有促进作用。水稻秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有促进作用。当浓度大于50 mg/mL时,4种秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。总体来说,作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦的化感作用强弱依次为玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆、稻壳、水稻秸秆,且对根的化感作用尤为明显。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定大蒜中10种农药残留

建立了快速、准确测定大蒜中10种农药多残留的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测技术。样品经酸化乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁(500 mg)除水后,用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA,500 mg)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C₁₈,500 mg)净化,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。10种农药的检出限在0.020~0.800 μg·kg^-1,定量限在0.067~2.670 μg·kg^-1。线性范围内相关系数均大于0.99。加标回收率在73.4%~109.0%,相对标准偏差在1.2%~9.8%。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,可同时测定大蒜中10种农药。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法检测鸡血液样品中喹诺酮类药物残留

旨在建立鸡血液样品中多种喹诺酮类药物残留的超高效液相色谱—串联质谱方法。样品经乙腈提取,经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子（ESI⁺）模式电离,MRM扫描模式检测。经方法学验证,该方法的线性关系、回收率、精密度均符合要求。应用超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法建立了鸡血液样品中多种喹诺酮类药物同时检测的方法,实现了动物血液样品中12种喹诺酮类药物同时定性、定量分析。