禽流感病毒重组核蛋白ELISA诊断技术的研究

用表达禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）核蛋白基因的杆状病毒感染Ｓｆ９昆虫细胞。以其表达产物制备抗原,建立了以杆状病毒系统表达的ＡＩＶ核蛋白为抗原的禽流感间接酶联免疫吸附试验诊断技术（ｒＮＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）。其抗原最适包被量为０．６μｇ／孔,等检血清最适稀释度为１：２００,酶标抗体使用浓度为１：１０００。根据对１４０份ＳＰＦ鸡血清检测结果的统计分析,确定其判定标准为ＯＤ均为阴性;检测Ａ型ＡＩＶ１５个不同亚型（Ｈ１￣Ｈ１５）毒株的特异性血清均为阳性;对人工接种ＡＩＶ的ＳＰＦ鸡第３天即能检出抗体,到第１６２天试验结束时检测仍为阳性。其批内和批间重复试验的变异系数分别在２．９％￣７．２％和３．４％￣９．８％之间。对３１３８份鸡血清进行监测,ｒＮＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ与全病毒间接ＥＬＩＳＡ与全病毒间接ＥＬＩＳＡ（ＡＩＶ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）、琼脂扩散     

Faecal shedding detected earlier than immune responses in goats naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a goat herd that participated in a sanitation program against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the development of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and antibody responses as well as the occurrence of faecal shedding. Faecal culture appeared surprisingly sensitive as about 18% and 40% of the goats were positive at 9 and 15-17 months of age, respectively, and shedding was often seen prior to peripheral immune responses. Peripheral IFN-γ responses were not related to protection as clinical and high shedding goats often had high responses. An IFN-γ response usually preceded a humoral response. However, positive antibody titers could sometimes be seen simultaneously with, and even prior to, IFN-γ responses. In conclusion, faecal culture appeared as sensitive as IFN-γ testing. Furthermore, the antibody ELISA and the IFN-γ assay may perform equally well in an infected herd if surveillance is conducted annually.     

免疫不同剂量禽流感疫苗对蛋鸡抗体效价的影响

禽流感作为家禽养殖业的最大威胁,通过科学使用禽流感疫苗进行免疫能够有效预防暴发禽流感疫情。本试验对蛋鸡在相同条件下注射不同剂量的禽流感疫苗,间隔相同时间后采样测定抗体的效价,结果表明:首次免疫的剂量0.3 m L/羽、0.4m L/羽、0.5 mL/羽,一个月后测定的(H5+H7)抗体滴度平均值随着免疫剂量的增加而提高,60日龄加强免疫剂量为0.5 mL/羽、0.7 mL/羽、0.9 mL/羽,一个月及两个月后测定的(H5+H7)抗体滴度平均值均保持在最高水平10。试验表明:首次免疫禽流感疫苗剂量为0.5 m L/羽的抗体效价水平最高,加强免疫的不同剂量均能使抗体效价在较长一段时期保持最高水平。     

A survey of antibodies to pestivirus in sheep in the Republic of Ireland

: Sera from 1,448 adult ewes in 91 flocks, representing all 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland, were examined for pestivirus antibodies using a commercially available ELISA which detected IgG1 antibody to border disease virus. Eighty-one sheep (5.6%) in 42 flocks (46.0%) were antibody-positive. Within infected flocks, the mean seroprevalence level was 11.4% with a range of 6.3% to 30.0%. The highest antibody prevalence was detected in sheep from central lowland counties of Ireland. Comparative neutralisation testing of 42 ELISA-positive sera detected geometric mean antibody titres of 136 to the NADL strain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), 92 to the Moredun strain of border disease virus and 21 to the 137/4 strain of border disease virus. These results suggest that BVDV may be the major ruminant pestivirus infecting sheep in Ireland. Although there are high numbers of infected flocks, many sheep within such flocks remain antibody-negative and are at risk of giving birth to lambs with congenital border disease.     

Antibody Responses Against Equine Influenza Virus Induced by Concurrent and by Consecutive Use of an Inactivated Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine and a Modified Live Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Vaccine in Thoroughbred Racehorses

An inactivated equine influenza virus (EIV) vaccine and a live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine are usually administered concurrently to Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether concurrent administration of an inactivated EIV vaccine and a live EHV-1 vaccine in Thoroughbred racehorses influences the antibody response against EIV. We compared the antibody response against EIV in horses administered both vaccines on the same day (Group A; n = 27) and the response in horses administered an inactivated EIV vaccine first and then a live EHV-1 vaccine 1–2 weeks later (Group B; n = 20). In both groups, geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007 and A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010 increased significantly after EIV vaccination. However, the percentage of horses that showed a twofold increase or greater in HI titers against A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010 was significantly higher in Group B (75%) than in Group A (37%; P = .02). These results suggest that the concurrent use of an inactivated EIV vaccine and a live EHV-1 vaccine reduced the immune response against EIV to some extent, and it would be better to use these vaccines consecutively, especially for naïve horses or horses whose vaccination history is incomplete.     

应用间接血凝试验检测牛肺疫抗体

自制1.5％绵羊红细胞诊断液并用于检测牛肺疫抗体,结果如下:(一)三批标准阳性血清(批号为8601、8301、8001)凝集价均在160倍以上,标准阴性血清(批号为8601)凝集度仅为10倍。15份被检血清IHA的阳性检出率(8/15)高于补体结合反应(CF,6/15)且凝集价均在40倍以上。(二)用牛肝片吸虫病、布氏杆菌病和附红细胞体病阳性血清作类症鉴别诊断,凝集度仅为10倍。(三)把牛肺疫CF8502抗原作倍比稀释,加2个凝集单位牛肺疫阳性血清8601和8301进行间接血凝抑制试验,分别被32倍和16倍稀释的抗原所抑制,本项试验结果表明IHA用于检测牛肺疫,具有检出率高、特异性强、设备要求简单、容易操作等特点,适于在现地推广应用。     

氨基脲人工抗原的合成及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的合成氨基脲人工抗原并制备其多克隆抗体。方法以氨基脲(SEM)和对醛基苯甲酸(CP)为原料合成半抗原(CP-SEM),并采用碳化二亚胺法和混合酸酐法将其分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成氨基脲人工抗原。以氨基脲人工抗原(CPSEM-BSA)为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,利用间接ELISA法测定其抗体效价。结果经薄层层析、红外光谱和元素分析等方法鉴定合成半抗原即为CP-SEM。紫外扫描、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明人工抗原合成成功。免疫获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体,其抗体效价为1:64000。结论氨基脲人工抗原合成成功,并获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体。     

猪瘟病毒结构蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及评价

通过研究猪瘟(CSF)疫苗免疫猪抗结构蛋白E2、E0和C抗体的产生规律,为临床制定合理的CSF疫苗免疫程序提供参考。利用间接ELISA方法检测CSF疫苗免疫猪过程中,抗E2抗原血清抗体的产生特征;分别以重组猪瘟病毒(CSFV)结构蛋白E0和C为抗原,建立检测血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,评价其敏感性和特异性,并检测疫苗免疫过程中抗E0和C蛋白抗体的消长规律。结果显示:CSFV-E0和CSFV-C间接ELISA抗体检测方法的抗原最佳包被质量浓度分别为2.09和1.59μg/mL,待检血清样本最适稀释度分别为1∶60和1∶80,酶标二抗稀释度分别为1∶100和1∶350,2种ELISA方法与常见猪病原的阳性血清无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。CSF疫苗免疫后第7天即可检测到抗E2、E0和C蛋白的抗体,其中抗E2和E0的抗体在免疫后第21天达到最高水平,E2抗体滴度先上升后下降,E0抗体在免疫后第21天开始下降并最终趋于稳定;C蛋白抗体在免疫后第7天出现,随后开始下降,在第28天转为阴性。结果表明,利用重组抗原建立的CSFV血清抗体ELISA检测方法,可以用于评价CSF疫苗免疫后血清中针对3种结构蛋白的抗体消长特点,从而为临床猪瘟疫苗免疫程序的制定提供参考。     

乳酸菌微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

本实验利用乳酸菌微生态制剂饲喂AA肉鸡,通过检测鸡增重、料重比、免疫器官指数、抗体效价以及盲肠内容物的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量,探索乳酸菌微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响。首先将150只肉鸡随机分成3组,第1组在饮水中添加0.3%的乳酸菌微生态制剂,第2组添加抗生素饮水,第3组为空白对照组,7日龄时接种新城疫疫苗;于每周末称取各组鸡的体重、耗料,计算增重和耗料量;在21日龄和35日龄时,采取各组鸡的脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺、分别计算免疫器官指数;用HI和微量平板滴种法分别检测抗体效价和盲肠内容物乳酸菌、大肠杆菌数量。结果显示,添加0.3%乳酸菌微生态制剂组与对照组和抗生素组鸡比较,分别提高鸡体重15.55%和8.57%(差异显著P<0.05),料重比分别降低5.11%和4.57%;于21日龄和35日龄时检测发现,添加0.3%乳酸菌微生态制剂组与对照组鸡比较,脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺指数分别提高了44.26%1、3.51%、33.96%和67.14%、16.47%3、8.16%;抗体水平分别升高了1.8log2和2 log2,差异显著(P<0.05),与抗生素组比较,抗体效价分别提高了1.4log2和1.75log2,差异显著(P<0.05);另外,21日龄和35日龄时,与对照组比较,添加0.3%乳酸菌微生态制剂鸡盲肠内容物中乳酸菌数量分别增加1.28log2和0.27log2,差异显著(P<0.05),同时分别使大肠杆菌数量减少1.88log2和0.84log2,差异显著(P<0.05)。本研究为合理开发利用乳酸菌微生态制剂提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

新型基因工程亚单位菌苗对猪传染性胸膜肺炎的保护效力研究

 利用分泌毒素ApxⅠ、ApxⅡ、ApxⅢ的重组表达产物和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌7型菌，研制了一种新型的基因工程亚单位菌苗并对此疫苗的免疫效力进行了研究。利用该疫苗免疫断奶仔猪，间隔3周加强1次，同时设空白对照组和一种商品化的三价细菌灭活苗组。首免后每周采血检测ApxⅠ、ApxⅡ、ApxⅢ的ELISA抗体和7型菌的血凝抗体，第2次免疫两周后用猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌1型菌株进行气管攻毒。从攻毒后症状、细菌分离、抗体检测、死后剖检对免疫效果进行评价。结果显示亚单位菌苗对于猪传染性胸膜肺炎有显著的保护力，能明显减轻临床症状和降低肺部损伤，效果优于商品化的细菌灭活苗。