饲料添加剂类抗生素替代品在生猪养殖中的研究进展

随着现代社会的发展,集约化养殖成为主流趋势,抗生素的缺失往往会给养殖者带来巨大损失。但是,长期以来,抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性和药物残留问题日益严峻。随着我国2020年饲料添加剂类的抗生素的禁用,寻找高速、有效的抗生素替代品成为养殖业急需解决的重要问题。近年来,涌现出的各种饲料添加剂,如酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂、植物提取物、抗菌肽等均表现出良好的杀菌、抑菌、促进动物生长、提高免疫力的效果,为抗生素替代提供了解决思路。文章对近年来一些抗生素替代品在生猪养殖方面的研究应用情况进行了综述,为替抗用饲料添加剂使用提供参考。     

Role of integrons in the proliferation of multiple drug resistance in selected bacteria occurring in poultry production

ABSTRACT

• 1. The increase in microbial resistance, and in particular multiple drug resistance (MDR), is an increasing threat to public health. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics and antibacterial chemotherapeutics in the poultry industry, especially in concentrations too low to cause inhibition, and the occurrence of residues in feed and in the environment play a significant role in the development of resistance among zoonotic food-borne microorganisms.

• 2. Determining the presence and transmission methods of resistance in bacteria is crucial for tracking and preventing antibiotic resistance. Horizontal transfer of genetic elements responsible for drug resistance is considered to be the main mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

• 3. Of the many well-known genetic elements responsible for horizontal gene transfer, integrons are among the most important factors contributing to multiple drug resistance. The mechanism of bacterial drug resistance acquisition through integrons is one of the essential elements of MDR prevention in animal production.

     

养猪生产中"肺肠同制"理论与替抗实践

在“禁抗”的大背景下,人们必须改变与病原微生物打交道的策略,从以往通过抗生素的“打打杀杀”到“和谐共处”。文章根据中医传统“肺与大肠相表里”理论,探索替抗的“肺肠同制”技术路径,并阐明只有替抗产品与替抗管理同时进行,才能够真正实现使用“替抗”方法与抗生素使用时达到同样、乃至更好的效果。     

ACVIM Consensus Statement on Therapeutic Antimicrobial Use in Animals and Antimicrobial Resistance

The epidemic of antimicrobial resistant infections continues to challenge, compromising animal care, complicating food animal production and posing zoonotic disease risks. While the overall role of therapeutic antimicrobial use in animals in the development AMR in animal and human pathogens is poorly defined, veterinarians must consider the impacts of antimicrobial use in animal and take steps to optimize antimicrobial use, so as to maximize the health benefits to animals while minimizing the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance and other adverse effects. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance on the therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animals, balancing the need for effective therapy with minimizing development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from animals and humans.     

一种蛹虫草固体饮料对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

[目的]研究蛹虫草速溶粉(佑元茶)对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。[方法]利用抗生素(青霉素钠)构建肠道菌群失调小鼠模型,以正常小鼠为对照,采用菌落计数法考察一种蛹虫草固体饮料对肠道菌群失调小鼠的肠道修复作用。[结果]蛹虫草固体饮料的高、中剂量组小鼠的体重显著高于其他组(P0.05)。高、中、低3个剂量组小鼠肠道中的益生菌乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量均显著高于模型组,且条件致病菌肠球菌数量均显著少于模型组(P0.05);3个剂量组中,中、高剂量组与低剂量组间亦存在显著性差异(P0.05),但中高剂量组间差异不明显。[结论]蛹虫草固体饮料对于抗生素干扰引起的肠道菌群失调具有较好的修复作用,可调节并保持肠道微生态菌群的平衡。     

糖肽酮萜素在生长肥育猪中的应用效果

选择30 kg杜长大三元杂交猪120头,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计分为3组:空白对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素对照组(在基础饲粮中添加金霉素)和试验组(在基础饲粮中添加糖肽酮萜素)。结果表明,与空白对照组比较,糖肽酮萜素可明显提高猪的日增重和饲料转化率并且显著降低腹泻率,与抗生素表现出等同的生产应用效果。研究结论:糖肽酮萜素取代抗生素作为生长肥育猪的饲料添加剂是完全可行的。     

克服植物组织培养中内生菌污染的研究

组织培养中内生菌污染普遍，严重影响组织培养和工厂化育苗。文章在查阅大量文献基础上，探讨内生菌污染产生的原因，分析控制内生菌污染的有效措施。