Public perceptions of ecosystem services and preferences for design scenarios of the flooded bank along the Three Gorges Reservoir: Implications for sustainable management of novel ecosystems

The newly formed extensive flooded land associated with the Three Gorges Reservoir hold great potentials to provide ecosystem services (ESs) for surrounding cities and communities. Conflicting values and conventional management strategies may complicate and inhibit broad-scale decision-making for this novel ecosystem. Public attitudes are a crucial influence in the way this process plays out. This study was conducted to assess how the reservoir bank is perceived by the general public of Chongqing Municipality in terms of importance of riparian ESs, and preference for corresponding landscape design styles through photo-questionnaire interviewing. Although Chongqing citizens know little of the “ecosystem services” concept, they do recognise riparian environmental and ecological benefits especially the bank protection and pollution interception functions, while benefits of habitats for wildlife and flood attenuation were of less concern. Recreational values were least appreciated, which is inconsistent with other studies. This may be attributed to a wider, intensive environmental education in various social media in today’s China. But publicity has been dominated by toxic air, water and soil pollution control rather than the benefits of nature conservation and personal contact with nature. In line with recognition of ESs, there is quite strong preference for the forested design scenario and particularly vegetation components across the socio-demographic spectrum. Overall, socio-demographic variables have very low explanatory power for the perceptual responses. Our study also revealed misunderstandings around riparian functions and a gap between public expectations and special abiotic and biotic prerequisites in restoring novel ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this research to urban novel ecosystems in general, and implications for raising public awareness, engaging appropriate public values in sustainable design and management of such ecosystems.     

番茄基因转化中抗生素筛选压力的确定方法

在以抗生素为筛选标记的基因转化中。确定适宜的筛选压力是提高基因转化率的前提。本研究以卡那霉素为例，通过在10mg／L，20mg／L，30mg／L，50mg／L，100mg／L的筛选压力下，转化和非转化番茄子叶外植体的生长表现、愈伤组织和芽的分化率．来确定适宜的筛选浓度。本实验以该方法找到的适宜的卡那霉素筛选浓度为50mg／L。以此浓度为筛选压力进行遗传转化所获得的部分再生苗经southern blot鉴定．均为转化株。     

用牦牛奶生产Scamorza奶酪技术研究

以新鲜牦牛乳为原料,研究了Scamorza奶酪的制作技术,采用四因素三水平正交试验的方法,研究了不同量的凝乳酶、氯化钙、食盐以及发酵温度对成品的口感、色泽质地的影响,最终确定了该产品生产的最佳配方及技术条件:凝乳酶0.003%、氯化钙0.01%、食盐22%,发酵温度为32℃.     

一株大豆内生拮抗细菌XZ-2的分离和分子鉴定

从大豆植株中分离到一株具有广谱抗菌活性的拮抗细菌,命名为XZ-2。抑菌活性测定显示XZ-2对甘薯黑斑病菌、大蒜叶枯病菌等8种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌直径均在20 mm以上。采用分光光度法绘制了XZ-2的生长曲线,结果显示该菌株在LB液体摇培12 h时基本达到对数生长期,该生长曲线的绘制为后期XZ-2的活性物质发酵条件优化奠定了基础。通过PCR扩增16Sr DNA片段并采用MEGA 6.0构建系统发育进化树,初步将该菌株鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌。     

Practical use of response surface methodology for optimization of veterinary antibiotic removal using UV/H2O2 process

Three of the most commonly used veterinary antibiotics—enrofloxacin (ENR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and oxytetracycline (OTC)—were chosen as representative antibiotics for UV/H₂O₂ treatments. The objective was to determine the optimization of UV/H₂O₂ to remove antibiotics from aquaculture discharge water using response surface methodology. The degradation of the antibiotics was investigated under varying UV/H₂O₂ conditions in environments with different levels of pH, water matrices, humic acid, and constituent ions. The degradation results demonstrated that increasing the H₂O₂ dosage facilitated ENR degradation at a neutral pH while facilitating degradation of SMX and OTC at a slightly acidic pH. The optimum removal conditions for ENR, which was used in all influential effect experiments and the contact tank experiments, was obtained at 10 mM H₂O₂, a pretreated COD of 87.51 mg L⁻¹, and an initial pH of 6.15. Among the tested anions, only the presence of Cl^- showed slight positive effects on ENR degradation, due to the generation of secondary active radicals. During the reaction, the hydroxyl radical (OH) was present at a higher pH while singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was slightly present at a lower pH. The experimental results from H₂O₂ sequential addition indicated that freshly added H₂O₂ could quench the recently generated OH and therefore a high H₂O₂ concentration with frequent adding was not necessary. Our contact system reduced the ENR concentration in both the effluent reservoir and in the UV irradiation zone. The overall results supported the use of the UV/H₂O₂ system to treat remnant antibiotics in the discharge water.     

Effects of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed on performance,immunity, total antioxidant activity of serum and intestinal development of broilers

This experiment aimed to examine the effect of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) in comparison with using sub-therapeutic doses of lincomycin and the excessive inclusion of vitamin E on performance, immunity, total antioxidant capacity of serum and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-d-old male broiler chicks with similar initial weight (Ross strain) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (8 chicks/pen): non-treated group (basal diet), basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg lincomycin, basal diet supplemented with 50 IU vitamin E, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter period, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter and grower periods and basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg throughout the whole experiment. The highest final body weight was obtained in the group supplemented with BPC in starter and grower periods. In the finisher phase, broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the starter period and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) better feed conversion ratios (FCR). Jejunal villus height was significantly elevated in broilers supplemented with antibiotic (P < 0.001), furthermore it tended to be greater in broilers fed BPC in the starter period. The jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in broilers fed the diet containing antibiotic in comparison to other groups. Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease vaccine tended to be elevated in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial (P > 0.05). Broilers supplemented with BPC in starter and grower, and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The highest total antioxidant capacity was obtained in broilers supplemented with the excessive level of vitamin E, furthermore it tended to improve in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial. In summary, the results of the study indicated that addition of BPC in broiler diets in the whole trial could improve FCR, immune responses and total antioxidant activity of serum, and BPC could be used in broiler diets as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics.     

抗生素对黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗细菌污染抑制效果初探

采用医用抗生素氨苄西林钠、硫酸链霉素、头孢拉定及其组合抑制黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗细菌污染试验结果表明：单独使用1种抗生素时,抗菌及试管苗生长、生根情况不如组合使用效果好,使用抗生素氨苄西林钠比另外2种抗生素效果好;组合使用抗生素时,培养基附加氨苄西林钠与硫酸链霉素各50 mg/L,对污染菌的抑菌率为100%,同时在增殖系数、苗高、生长势方面都表现最好,并对黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗的生根有明显的促进作用,氨苄西林钠与头孢拉定抗菌组合效果次之,效果好于硫酸链霉素与头孢拉定组合。     

生物药剂防治苹果树腐烂病的田间试验

河南省自1987年开始在孟县、卢氏等县265亩苹果园中进行生物药剂治疗苹果树腐烂病的试验示范。以刮皮法和划刻法用农抗120、S-921和843康复剂涂抹病疤,一年后在发病季节调查。以刮皮法用农抗120处理的病疤,治愈率达100％,无一复发。以划刻法用农抗120处理的病疤治愈率为78-90％,以S-921和843康复剂处理的治疗效果达100％。作者认为这些生物药剂可取代福美砷治疗苹果树腐烂病。     

JX生物调理剂饲喂肉猪试验

供试肉猪78头,随机分为三组,对照组(空白)、试验1组(新霉素115mg/kg、喹乙醇100mg/kg、阿散酸100mg/kg)、试验2组(JX调理剂0.2%),试验结果表明:第一阶段:试验1、2期末重,分别比对照组高1.34kg、1.07kg(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);第二阶段:试验1组期末重,比对照组高2.65kg(P>0.05),试验2组期未重比对照组高3.23kg(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组料肉比均低于对照组,试验2组最低,比对照组降低0.2,饲料转化效率提高8.97%;试验2组比对照组每头猪多盈利48.8元,比试验1组多盈利10.28元;粪便中氮、磷含量试验2组明显下降,药物残留试验2组、对照组没有检出,试验1组猪肝阳性3个加、肉中阳性1个加。     

饲用莫能菌素的研究进展

莫能菌素是聚醚类离子载体抗生素,是目前欧盟唯一允许使用的抗生素饲料添加剂。本文通过其作用机理、畜禽生产中的添加效果及使用剂量等方面的综合论述,证明了在畜禽生产中饲用莫能菌素的可行性,并为其今后的广泛应用做了研究展望。