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1.
Euthanasia of mature swine is challenging. Temporal and behind-the-ear locations are two sites that have been identified as alternatives to the more commonly used frontal placement. In stage one, the effectiveness of two penetrating captive bolt gun styles (cylinder or pistol) was evaluated using frontal, temporal, and behind-the-ear placement in anesthetized mature swine (n = 36; weight: 267 ± 41 kg). For stage one, when evaluating treatment efficacy by sex, the cylinder-style equipment was 100% effective in achieving death when applied to all cranial locations (frontal, temporal, and behind-the-ear) for sows; however, the pistol-style equipment was only 100% effective when applied at the behind-the-ear location for sows. For boars, the cylinder-style equipment was 100% effective when applied to the frontal and behind-the-ear location, but the pistol-style equipment was not effective for any cranial location in boars. Therefore, the pistol–frontal, pistol–temporal, pistol–behind-the-ear, and cylinder–temporal were not included for boars, and pistol–frontal and pistol–temporal were not included for sows in stage two. In stage two, commercial, mixed-breed, mature swine (n = 42; weight: 292 +/− 56 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments based on the inclusion criteria described in stage one. A three-point traumatic brain injury (TBI) score (0 = normal; 1 = some abnormalities; 2 = grossly abnormal, unrecognizable) was used to evaluate six neuroanatomical structures (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, pons, and brain stem), and the presence of hemorrhage was also noted. All treatments were 100% effective in stage two. A significant interaction between gun style and placement was determined on predicting total TBI as the cylinder style produced a higher total TBI score compared with the pistol type of the magnitude of +2.8 (P < 0.01). The cylinder style tended to produce a greater TBI score than the pistol in the temporal location (+1.2; P = 0.08). No difference was noted for TBI score behind-the-ear between the cylinder- and pistol-style gun (P > 0.05). TBI tended to be less in boars compared with sows (−0.6; P = 0.08). Hemorrhage was observed in frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. This study demonstrated that the cylinder-style captive bolt gun more effectively resulted in brain trauma and death compared with a pistol-style gun and the behind-the-ear and temporal placement showed promise as an alternative placement site for euthanizing mature pigs on-farm.  相似文献   
2.
为了给猪流感疫苗的研制做准备,试验将从某猪场现地采集疑似猪流感发病猪的鼻拭子样品,经过处理后接种至10~11日龄SPF鸡胚进行盲传,分离到1株具有血凝性的病毒。通过血清学、分子生物学鉴定、电镜观察、动物回归试验等方法对该病毒进行鉴定。结果发现:该病毒可与猪流感病毒H3亚型阳性血清特异性结合;通过分子生物学检测,该分离株出现猪流感病毒H3亚型和N2亚型目的片段;将该分离株液置于电镜下观察可见直径为80~120 nm且具有囊膜和纤突的病毒粒子,符合猪流感病毒粒子形态特征;用纯化后的病毒攻击4~6周龄阴性仔猪,攻毒组仔猪发病率可达80%。由此可见分离获得的病毒为H3N2亚型猪流感病毒。  相似文献   
3.
旨在克隆猪作用于RNA的腺苷脱氨酶2基因(ADAR2)全长cDNA序列,同时对该基因在猪不同组织中的表达规律进行探索。利用RACE (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)对大白猪ADAR2基因mRNA全长序列进行克隆,并进行生物信息学分析;用荧光定量PCR方法检测35日龄大白猪心、肝、肺、肾、脾、脑、小肠、背最长肌和背部脂肪9种组织中ADAR2的表达水平。结果表明,猪ADAR2基因cDNA全长6 305 bp,共包含12个外显子,编码704个氨基酸,与人、黑猩猩、猕猴、长臂猿、黄牛、山羊和绵羊的CDS区核酸序列和氨基酸序列的一致性均在84%以上。该基因编码的蛋白含有2个双链RNA结合基序和一个脱氨酶结构域。猪ADAR2在检测的各组织中均表达,其中在肺中的表达量最高。综上所述,本研究成功克隆了猪ADAR2基因全长cDNA序列,并且发现其在猪体内广泛表达,为深入研究ADAR2的功能奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   
4.
为建立快速、灵敏且特异的检测猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus,SADS-CoV)检测方法,本试验扩增SADS-CoV N基因保守区域将其克隆至pMD18-T载体。所构建的重组质粒pMD18-T-SADS-qN作为阳性质粒标准品,以其为模板建立一种SYBR Green荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,所建立方法在3.31×101~3.31×107拷贝·μL-1模板量时,呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.997,斜率为-3.318。该方法特异性检测SADS-CoV;而猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(PDCoV)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)检测结果均为阴性。所构建的标准品检测灵敏度下限可以达到3.31×101拷贝·μL-1,组内和组间变异系数均小于1%,表明其具有良好的灵敏性和重复性。用该方法检测SADS-CoV感染IPI-2I和IPEC-J2细胞后不同时间点和不同接毒剂量的复制情况,结果显示,SADS-CoV感染细胞后2 h病毒含量较低,在12~36 h病毒含量迅速增长,36 h后增长速度减缓且病毒含量维持在较高水平。分别用0、0.1、1 MOI SADS-CoV感染细胞结果显示病毒的mRAN转录水平呈现剂量依赖性增加,当MOI为1时,IPI-2I和IPEC-J2细胞病毒含量分别为106.7、105.3拷贝·mL-1。进一步利用所建立的方法对经口服攻毒SADS-CoV仔猪的临床样本进行检测,结果发现病毒在空肠回肠含量较高,表明病毒主要定殖于空肠和回肠。综上表明,本研究建立SYBR Green荧光定量PCR检测方法能灵敏特异地检测SADS-CoV,为SADS-CoV的诊断和病毒相关基础研究提供可靠的检测手段。  相似文献   
5.
旨在建立猪瘟病毒(CSFV)化学发光抗体检测方法,本研究以CSFV E2蛋白作为包被抗原,山羊抗猪IgG-HRP抗体作为酶标抗体,鲁米诺为底物溶液,优化检测方法,成功建立CSFV化学发光抗体检测方法。该方法能在室温20 min内完成对CSFV抗体血清特异性检测,灵敏度与商品化CSFV抗体检测试剂盒相当,且与A型口蹄疫病毒、O型口蹄疫病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、塞内卡病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒抗体阳性血清均无交叉反应;批内变异系数为1.80%~6.88%,批间变异系数为1.11%~9.18%,重复性好。通过对152份田间猪血清样品的检测并与商品化CSFV抗体检测试剂盒检测结果进行比较,其Kappa值为0.929,具有高度的一致性。综上表明,本研究建立的CSFV化学发光抗体检测方法特异性强、灵敏性高、重复性好、简单快速,可应用于临床血清CSFV抗体的检测。  相似文献   
6.
Unique features of elephant hematology are known challenges in analytical methodology like two types of monocytes typical for members of the Order Afrotheria and platelet counts of the comparatively small elephant platelet. To investigate WBC differential and platelet data generated by an impedance-based hematology analyzer without availability of validated species-specific software for recognition of elephant WBCs and platelets, compared to manual blood film review. Blood samples preserved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) of 50 elephants (n = 35 Elephas maximus and n = 15 Loxodonta africana) were used. A Mann-Whitney test for independent samples was used to compare parameters between methods and agreement was tested using Bland-Altman bias plots. All hematological variables, including absolute numbers of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets, were significantly different (p < 0.0001) between both methods of analysis, and there was no agreement using Bland-Altman bias plots. Manual review consistently produced higher heterophil and monocyte counts as well as platelet estimates, while the automated analyzer produced higher lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. The hematology analyzer did not properly differentiate elephant lymphocytes and monocytes, and did not accurately count elephant platelets. These findings emphasize the importance of manual blood film review as part of elephant complete blood counts in both clinical and research settings and as a basis for the development of hematological reference intervals.  相似文献   
7.
Q fever is zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Ruminants are the main reservoir of this pathogen, which is often asymptomatic but lead to abortion. This study aims to survey the seroprevalence and risk factors of this zoonose among ruminants in Kurdistan province, the west of Iran. 480 blood samples were collected from ruminants including sheep, goats and cows, each 160 samples, in the age groups of <1, ≥1−3, >3−5 year with and without the history of abortion in two groups border and non-border cities in Kurdistan province. Serums were tested by use of indirect ELISA to determine specific antibodies against C. burnetii. The results indicate the seroprevalence of 46.6 % for Q fever. Seroprevalence in sheep, goats and cows were 28.58 % (n = 64), 45.53 % (n = 102) and 25.89 % (n = 58), respectively. Seroprevalence is significantly higher in animals with abortion than in those without such history (P < 0.05). The seroprevalence in the border cities has been significantly higher than other geographical areas (P < 0.05). Seroprevalence had no significant correlation with animal age (P> 0.05). This study is the first seroepidemiological study done on Q fever in ruminants of Kurdistan province, Iran. The results indicate the high seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in the area under the study. Therefore, doing an epidemiologically study aimed at isolating C. brunetii in the human population of Kurdistan province is recommended, so that the epidemiological aspect of this pathogen in the people of Kurdistan province be clarified and subsequently disease control and prevention programs be applied.  相似文献   
8.
该文从2019年中国生猪和猪肉产品价格大幅波动而带动CPI快速上调的“高通胀风险”及与工业生产PPI下降的“高通缩风险”关联性,探讨了推动猪肉价格快速上涨的机制。难控性“猪疫情”、规律性“猪周期”、投机性“猪炒作”及泛化性“外贸战”是促进肉产品价格快速上涨的“启动”、“叠加”、“内讧”及“外推”四大机制,并建议以此为机遇,充分利用新时代人们消费理念的绝对绿色健康性和恩施山区区域的相对独立分散性,克服浮躁性无序养殖心态,建立不受“猪周期”影响和少受“猪疫情”影响的“种-养-销”绿色立体生态产业链,使其与“猪炒作”脱代际,与“外贸战”失偶联,逐步形成新时代理性养殖和健康养殖与理性消费和健康消费的良性循环。  相似文献   
9.
Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 across the main cassava-growing regions of Burkina Faso to assess the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and to determine the virus strains causing the disease, using field observation and phylogenetic analysis. CMD incidence varied between regions and across years but was lowest in Hauts-Bassins (6.0%, 2016 and 5.4%, 2017) and highest in Centre-Sud (18.5%, 2016) and in Boucle du Mouhoun (51.7%, 2017). The lowest CMD severity was found in Est region (2.0) for both years and the highest in Sud-Ouest region (3.3, 2016) and Centre-Sud region (2.8, 2017). The CMD infection was primarily associated with contaminated cuttings in all regions except in Hauts-Bassins, where whitefly-borne infection was higher than cuttings-borne infection in 2016. PCR screening of 687 samples coupled with sequence analysis revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic-like (ACMV-like) viruses and East African cassava mosaic-like (EACMV-like) viruses as single infections at 79.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Co-infections of ACMV-like and EACMV-like viruses were detected in 19.4% of the tested samples. In addition, 86.7% of the samples positive for EACMV-like virus were found to be positive for East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) from Burkina Faso into three clades specific to ACMV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV), and EACMCMV, confirming the presence of these viruses. The results of this study show that EACMCMV occurrence may be more prevalent in Burkina Faso than previously thought.  相似文献   
10.
刘涛 《猪业科学》2021,38(10):38-41
非洲猪瘟对家庭猪场的生产稳定性带来极大的挑战。文章分析了家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟存在的问题及对关键点针对性的防控措施。  相似文献   
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