响应面法优化慕萨莱思配方的研究

本研究向慕萨莱思基酒中加入枸杞、玫瑰花、藿香、杏干四种辅料,测定添加辅料后慕萨莱思中的黄酮含量及感官评价得分,研究单一添加及复合添加对慕萨莱思品质的影响,并通过响应面优化试验确定慕萨莱思的最优配方。结果表明:结合黄酮含量和感官评价,慕萨莱思中黄酮含量均随四种辅料添加量的增加而增加,单因素试验得出杏干10 g/L、枸杞8 g/L、玫瑰4 g/L、藿香0.4 g/L为最佳添加量,对应的慕萨莱思中黄酮含量分别为0.30、0.39、0.36、0.31 g/L。随着四种辅料添加量的增加,感官评分均呈先升高后降低的趋势。利用响应面优化得出最佳辅料添加量为:杏干12 g/L、枸杞10 g/L、玫瑰5 g/L、藿香0.4 g/L,此时慕萨莱思中黄酮含量达到0.80 g/L,产品色泽莹润,澄清度高,果香和酒香和谐,典型性突出,感官评分最高。     

水稻耐盐机理的研究Ⅲ.不同基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的动力学比较

本文应用动力学研究方法比较了具有不同耐盐性的3组共6个水稻基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的差异,结果表明,在外部低NaCl浓度(0.1mmolL~(-1)时,水稻对Na~+的吸收为被动吸收,耐盐基因型对Na~+的吸收速率显著低于盐敏感基因型;对Cl~-的吸收为主动吸收,不同耐盐性基因型吸收Cl~-的动力学参数(V_(?)、K_(?))差异不显著,在外部高NaCl浓度(50mmolL~(-1))时,耐盐基因型对Na~+和cl~-的吸收速率均低于对应的盐敏感基因型。耐盐基因型水稻的Na~+、cl-从根部向地上部的运转率低于对应的盐敏感基因型,这种差异在高盐浓度时更为明显。表明了耐盐基因型水稻地上部对NaCl的排斥作用是吸收控制和运转控制共同作用的结果,使地上部Na~+、Cl-含量相对降低而显出较高的耐盐性。     

姬松茸菌丝活性肽的分离及其组成的初步研究

采用两次葡聚糖凝胶色谱法从姬松茸菌丝体中提取的肽类物质，初步分离获得肽，继而分析了肽的氨基酸组成和分子量。结果表明，姬松茸菌丝体中的活性肽含有丰富的氨基酸，是一种具有高F值(22．5)的寡肽，其分子量在1500～30000U之间。     

不同镉水平对白菜生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

 不同镉(cd)水平对白菜[Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis (L．)Makino]两个品种生长及抗氧化酶活性研究结果表明：cd 1 mg·L^-1 对两品种生长(除‘杭州油冬儿’地上部干质量)及叶绿素 含量无显著影响，cd 10 mg·L^-1显著抑制植株生长(除‘沪青1号’根干质量)，减少叶绿素含量。cd可诱导叶片中活性氧0₂^-. 、H₂O₂的产生，引起膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的累积。Cd 1 mg’L 显著增加‘沪青1号’过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及‘杭州油冬儿’抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APx) 活性。cd 10 mg·L 显著降低两品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD ) 、CAT、APX及‘沪青1号’POD活性， 显著增加脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。     

废弃烟叶中有效成分提取的研究进展

烟叶中含有大量珍贵的天然成分,可供提取出来反添加到卷烟中,能够有效改善、提升卷烟品质。概述了烟叶中主要有效成分,综述了废弃烟叶中有效成分提取的主要方法,展望了废弃烟叶中有效成分提取的未来发展方向。     

湟源县30年0℃活动积温变化特征分析

本文探索了湟源县30年0℃活动积温的变化特征,一是对年际变化特征、高积温年、低积温年进行特征分析;二是将湟源县1987—2016年的0℃活动积温划分为3个10年际进行分析。详细分析内容为不同尺度下的积温最高值、最低值、平均值、极差和距平差。结果表明,30年0℃活动积温整体呈上升趋势,前期11年(1987—1997年)积温均为负距平;中期8年(1998—2005年)积温小幅震荡,后期11年(2006—2016年)积温均为正距平。30年的0℃活动积温平均值为2209.49℃·d,1987年0℃活动积温为最低值1 953.00℃·d;2013年0℃活动积温为最高值2 496.40℃·d。     

有机培肥与耕作方式对稻麦轮作土壤团聚体和有机碳组分的影响

为了明确不同外源有机物和耕作方式对土壤地力培育的影响,以水稻-小麦轮作系统为对象,通过2个年度(2016—2018年)大田试验研究了外源有机物(秸秆和有机肥)和耕作方式及其交互作用[稻麦秸秆还田配合旋耕(SR),稻麦秸秆还田配合翻耕(SP),秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合旋耕(MR),秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合翻耕(MP),秸秆不还田、不施用有机肥、旋耕深度15 cm(CKR)]对土壤团聚体和有机碳组成的短期影响。结果表明:SR处理能够降低水稻季土壤容重并增加总孔隙度。相比CKR,小麦季SR处理显著增加0.05mm水稳性团聚体含量,增加量为7.2%。此外,外源有机物和耕作对土壤有机碳活性组分具有显著影响。其中,易氧化有机碳(EOC)主要受耕作与有机物交互作用影响,酸水解有机碳(LPIc和LPII_c)主要受耕作措施的影响, SR处理的土壤EOC和LPI_c含量比CKR提高0.3～2.6 g·kg~(-1)。颗粒有机碳(POC)主要受外源有机物的影响,并且秸秆还田处理POC平均含量高于增施有机肥处理,增加量为0.75g·kg~(-1)。短期内,外源有机物和耕作及其交互作用对稳定性有机碳(黑碳和矿物结合态有机碳)的影响较小。综上,秸秆还田配合旋耕有助于提高土壤水稳性团聚体和活性有机碳的含量(EOC、LPI_c和POC)。     

Rapid screening of genetically modified ingredients in soybean and cotton processing by-product and waste using direct qPCR

To develop a simple and fast method for screening genetically modified ingredients from processing by-product and waste, direct quantitative PCR (qPCR) kit-Taqman which omitting multi genomic DNA preparing steps was developed in this study. A total of 18 oil crop processing by-products and wastes including 10 soybean and 8 cotton materials were collected from food processing factories. Compared with 2 commercial direct qPCR kits, conditions of DNA releasing procedure and PCR amplification were optimized. Element screening was performed at the initial step of genetically modified (GM) ingredient testing procedure via direct qPCR. GM event identification was carried out in positive samples by initial screening. Totally 5 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, Cp4-epsps, bar and pat) for soybean materials and 6 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, NPTII, Cry1Ac, bar and pat) for cotton samples were detected. In GM event identification, MON531 and MON1445 were found in cotton materials. Results were further confirmed by real-time PCR with DNA extraction and purification. The direct qPCR system proposed by this research was convenient for rapid screening and identification of GM ingredients in oil crop primary by-product and waste.     

能动司法在农村司法困境中的适用

分析了农村司法困境的原因,介绍了能动司法在农村纠纷解决机制中的适用及其价值,提出能动司法在适用中应注意的问题。     

On-farm evaluation of an active optical sensor performance for variable nitrogen application in winter wheat

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents almost 50% of total cereal production in the European Union, accounting for approximately 25% of total mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to all crops. Currently, several active optical sensor (AOS) based systems for optimizing variable N fertilization are commercially available for a variety of crops, including wheat. To ensure successful adoption of these systems, definitive measurable benefits must be demonstrated. Nitrogen management strategies developed based on small-scale plot research are not always meaningful for large-scale farm conditions. In 2010–2012 (5 site-years) on-farm study was implemented in northern Poland utilizing a strip-trial design. The objective was to evaluate the performance of AOS in combination with a built-in algorithm for variable N rate fertilization. In this study, the reference uniform N rates (farmer’s practice) were comparable to optimum variable N rate recommendations. Side-by-side comparisons of uniform and variable N application revealed inconsistent benefits in terms of grain yield, grain protein content (GPC), N use and N use efficiency (NUE). Anticipated yield increases and/or reduced N rates are typical drivers for AOS adoption. Significant yield increases are not easily attained on farms with winter wheat yields already close to maximum yield potential. Thus, sensor-based variable N rate recommendations for fields previously fertilized with relatively low uniform N rates would often entail more appropriate allocation (redistribution) of the same amount of total N. This would minimize N surplus in areas of lower productivity and to improve the sustainability of N management overall.