基于SOA的水轮机调速系统PID参数优化

针对现有优化方法复杂、易陷入局部最优等问题,为水轮机调速系统提出了一种基于人群搜索算法的比例-积分-微分控制参数优化方法.为验证该算法的可行性,建立了水轮机调速系统非线性模型,选取水轮发电机组转速偏差的积分时间绝对误差指标作为目标函数进行优化.为验证优化结果的有效性,将人群搜索算法的控制效果与参考文献中粒子群算法的控制效果进行了对比分析.仿真结果表明,在5%频率扰动下,人群搜索算法自第29次迭代起已收敛,经其优化的系统能在8秒内趋于稳定,此时系统的超调量为1.6%;在10%负荷扰动下,人群搜索算法自第25次迭代起已收敛,其优化效果与粒子群算法优化效果基本相同,两者均在10秒内让系统趋于稳定,但人群搜索算法优化的积分时间绝对误差指标比粒子群算法优化的积分时间绝对误差指标小,表明人群搜索算法具有更好的搜索功能,在一定程度上改善了孤网运行条件下机组的动态性能.     

高能湿法球磨制备鱼胶原肽螯合钙及其理化特征

为了拓展胶原肽螯合钙的制备工艺,以鱼胶原肽和CaCl2为原料,以高能湿法球磨的方法制备了鱼胶原肽螯合钙,并采用FT-IR红外图谱、X-衍射、EDS能谱等技术手段对其理化特性和结构进行分析。结果显示,随着球磨时间从15 min延长到240 min,鱼胶原肽的平均粒径逐渐降低,ZETA电位绝对值、分子量和pH值逐渐增加,鱼胶原肽对钙的螯合率逐渐从74.21%增加到85.42%。鱼胶原肽螯合钙与鱼胶原肽的主体化学结构相似,但是球磨后鱼胶原肽的-COO-1 VAS吸收峰(1 643.89 cm~(-1))向短波数方向移动到1 540～1 555 cm~(-1),而-NH2的特征吸收峰(3 313.9 cm~(-1))向长波数方向移动到3 337.12～3 380.59 cm~(-1)。球磨后鱼胶原在2θ=20°处的特征宽吸收峰消失,而在2θ=26、28、48和58°处出现多个尖峰和弥散峰,表明其从无定形结构向兼具结晶和无定形结构转变。鱼胶原肽螯合钙中钙元素比例逐渐增加,证实鱼胶原肽对钙的螯合率增加。研究表明,高能湿法球磨可应用于鱼胶原肽螯合钙的制备,该方法具有加工工艺简单、无污染和螯合率高等优点。     

坛紫菜叶状体的抗生素联合除菌效果

为研究坛紫菜及其外生菌群对氯霉素、竹桃霉素和头孢噻肟3种抗生素的敏感性,通过将其与氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素的组合,优化坛紫菜叶状体的除菌方法,并利用涂布平板、qRT-PCR及16S rRNA测序分析其除菌效果。结果显示,当坛紫菜先以氨苄青霉素(300 mg/L)、卡那霉素(100 mg/L)和庆大霉素(100 mg/L)混合处理18 h,再以氯霉素(50 mg/L)、头孢噻肟(200 mg/L)和竹桃霉素(50 mg/L)混合处理4 d,叶状体的健康率保持在96.3%以上,而对可培养细菌的抑制率达到99.9%。根据qRT-PCR和16S rRNA的结果可知,该种组合方法较前3种抗生素的组合,其菌总数下降41.5%,微生物的丰度和多样性指数明显下降。其中,假单胞菌、交替赤杆菌、交替单胞菌以及海杆菌等得到针对性的抑制。研究表明,多种抗生素的优化组合能够对坛紫菜叶片的菌群结构产生显著影响,使其受到抑制,但仍无法达到绝对除菌的效果。     

基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的土壤含水量短期预测模型

为提高土壤含水量预测精度,基于物联网监测数据,提出了粒子群算法(PSO)优化BP神经网络的土壤含水量预测方法。首先应用主成分分析法筛选出影响土壤含水量的关键影响因子,然后构建8-5-1的BP神经网络拓扑结构,应用粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值。结果表明:与传统BP神经网络相比,新模型优化了网络结构,避免了陷入局部最优解,具有良好的预测效果;模型的评价指标平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分误差、误差均方根分别为0.259 2、0.010 5和0.135 6,与单一BP神经网络相比,预测精度更高,可满足实际的土壤含水量预测的需要。     

H2S的信号分子作用及其对果蔬采后生理代谢的调控研究进展

硫化氢（H2S）作为气体信号分子，参与调控植物体的一系列生命活动，并在果蔬采后生理代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了H2S的理化性质、发展应用历史及其在果蔬采后生理调控机制中的信号分子作用，讨论了H2S对果蔬生理代谢的调控作用，包括对果蔬采后抗逆性和品质的影响，以期为采后果蔬的贮藏保鲜提供理论参考。     

河北省长针线虫新纪录种松长针线虫Longidorus pinus Xu,Ye,Wang&Zhao的形态与分子鉴定

2018 年，在河北省保定市园林植物紫荆（Cercis chinensis）根围分离到一种长针线虫。经形态 学观察和 28S rDNA D2D3 区序列分析，将其鉴定为松长针线虫（Longidorus pinus Xu, Ye, Wang & Zhao）。 其雌虫主要形态特征为：雌虫体长 3 048~3 464 μm，唇区明显缢缩，宽 9.5~10.5 μm，侧器囊袋状，齿尖 针长 66.0~69.5 μm，导环距体前端 27.5~30.0 μm，尾长 31~33 μm，短圆锥形，尾长与肛门处体宽比值＝ 1.5~1.6。松长针线虫河北种群 28S rDNA D2D3 区与 GenBank 数据库的山西种群进行序列比对，相似性为 99.2%~99.9%。松长针线虫是河北省长针线虫新纪录种。紫荆是松长针线虫的新寄主。     

Cotton Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Fusion Method of Markov Random Field and Quantum Particle Swarm Cluster

[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the cotton image segmentation accuracy in a picking robot image processing system. [Method] An image segmentation algorithm based on a fusion method of Markov random field and quantum particle swarm optimization clustering was proposed. The process of the proposed algorithm is as follows: first, transform the RGB (red, green, blue) images into grayscale; second, use it to segment these images; finally, the threshold of the connected area is set on the basis of the segmented image to obtain the target area. Then, the cotton front image and the cotton side image are selected from the images collected from different angles. The segmentation experiment was carried out by using this algorithm, and compared with the Otsu algorithm, the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the quantum particle swarm image segmentation algorithm and the Markov random field image segmentation algorithm. [Result] The results showed that the segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm were 98.94% and 77.48 dB. When compared with the Otsu algorithm, fuzzy C-means algorithm, quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and Markov random field algorithm, the average segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm increased by 2.47%–4.56%, and 9.81–13.11 dB, respectively. [Conclusion] The proposed algorithm had higher segmentation accuracy and higher peak signal to noise ratio than the other algorithms tested.     

Construction and Partial Biological Characteristics Analysis of Listeriolysin S llsB Gene Deletion Strain

In order to analyze the effect of listeriolysin S (LLS) llsB gene deletion on the biological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes (LM),this study used homologous recombination to construct the llsB gene deletion strain LM90-ΔllsB,and the biological characteristics of growth characteristics,median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ-borne bacteria were studied in healthy Kunming male mice at 8 weeks old and weighing 40 g±5 g.The llsB gene deletion strain was successfully constructed,and the deletion strain had good genetic stability through continuous passage to 20 generations in vitro.Based on its growth curve examination,we found that the growth rate of the mutant strain was slightly higher than that of the parent strain.The results of mice infection test showed that the LD₅₀ of the parent strain and the deletion strain were 10^6.17 and 10^6.50 CFU,respectively.Compared with the parent strain,the amount of bacteria load of the deletion strain in the liver and spleen of the mice was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the results showed that the infection ability of the mutant strain on mice was obviously weakened.No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the brain.The results suggested that llsB gene might have direct or indirect regulatory effect on some biological characteristics of LM90,and it would provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of LLS,prevention and control of listeriosis.     

光束阻断式小粒蔬菜种子漏充与堵孔同步检测系统研究

针对气力式排种器直播小粒蔬菜种子时易产生漏充与堵孔的问题,设计了一种光束阻断式小粒蔬菜种子漏充与堵孔同步检测系统。该检测系统调用ARM嵌入式系统的中断资源,采用旋转编码器实时测定排种盘转速,实时调整时间窗口与理论脉冲频率;在时间窗口内采集对射型激光传感器的输出脉冲,计算实际脉冲频率;通过对理论脉冲频率和实际脉冲频率实施运算,同步测定漏充率与吸孔堵塞率,并在触摸屏上显示。选用雪白玉萝卜、中双11号油菜和上海青3种蔬菜种子为研究对象,以排种盘转速和吸室真空度为试验因素,以漏充率和吸孔堵塞率为试验指标,在气力式精量排种器上进行该系统与高速摄像同步检测试验验证。试验结果表明,该系统可根据排种盘转速变化自行调整时间窗口,对漏充判断相对偏差不大于1.67%,对吸孔堵塞判断相对偏差不大于0.95%。该方法能够有效实现小粒蔬菜种子漏充与堵孔的实时同步检测,为解析排种器漏播成因与排种器改进设计提供依据。     

臭氧对循环水系统中悬浮颗粒物净化效果及机理研究

为了研究臭氧对水中悬浮颗粒物的处理效果及作用机理,探讨其在养殖水处理中的应用和工艺集成方法,笔者建立若干小型实验系统,通过对养殖水体投加不同量的臭氧,分析其对水中TSS、浊度等指标的影响,并对悬浮颗粒物进行粒度分析。其中:对照组不添加臭氧,3个实验组臭氧添加量分别为30.1、60.2、90.3 mg,被处理水体量均为4 L。结果表明:(1)投加臭氧能够显著降低水体浊度。当源水浊度为(5.22±0.55) NTU时,3个实验组的浊度降低分别为12.47%、25.31%和30.20%。(2)投加臭氧对于水体中的悬浮颗粒物具有显著的助凝效果。对照组悬浮颗粒物粒径大多分布在48~68μm范围,而投加量为90.3 mg实验组水中粒径64μm以上悬浮颗粒物占比达到99.22%,有利于后续物理过滤处理。本研究明确了臭氧对悬浮颗粒物的净化效果是通过氧化有机物产生络合沉淀和胶体絮凝物等改变颗粒物的粒径大小分布的途径来实现,为臭氧在循环水养殖系统中的应用提供理论支撑。