Seasonal abundance,diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams

Pennuto CM, Krakowiak PJ, Janik CE. Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 206–215. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a benthic invertivore that has become established in many lake and river systems of Europe and the United States, especially within the Great Lakes basin. Multiple reports document its negative impact on benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes in lakes and recent studies show fish and invertebrate communities in streams are equally at risk. We assessed the seasonal abundance of round gobies and their summer diet composition in tributary streams to Lake Erie. Populations of round gobies in the lower reaches of two tributary streams peaked in abundance in early fall, were absent in late winter, and reappeared in early spring, suggesting a possible out‐migration to the lake in winter. Population size distributions show a peak recruitment of young round gobies in July and low‐level recruitment through October. In this study, round gobies obtained most of their energy from amphipods, chironomids, and caddisflies compared to other invertebrates, and midges were consumed in greater proportion than their availability suggesting a preference for these prey. As the stream lacked molluscs, large round gobies remained generalist invertivores without a diet shift to molluscivory as has been reported in lake studies. The observations on recruitment and abundance, and possible out‐migration suggest the lower reaches of tributary streams may act as source populations for lake‐bound round gobies. It may be possible to take advantage of this out‐migration behaviour as a control strategy to capture large numbers of round gobies each winter.     

河流污染物输送对巢湖水质影响研究

研究采用零维模型,以Ⅲ类水为控制目标,对巢湖CODMn、TP、NH3-N的水环境容量进行了估算,同时研究了入湖支流污染物输送对巢湖水质的影响。结果表明,Ⅲ类水质目标下巢湖CODMn、TP、NH3-N的水环境容量分别为6.21×104、0.04×104、0.85×104t·a-1。CODMn年均背景储量为3.17×104t·a-1,占巢湖水环境容量的51%,而TP与NH3-N年均背景储量均大于其水环境容量。因此,在Ⅲ类目标水质下,巢湖仅允许有CODMn的排放,且年均允许排放量为3.04×104t·a-1。入湖支流每年向巢湖输送CODMn4.56×104t、TP 0.25×104t、NH3-N 5.15×104t,其中CODMn年均输送总量小于其水环境容量,但大于允许排放量。因此,入湖支流污染物的输送会加剧巢湖水质恶化,削减支流污染物排放成为控制巢湖水质恶化的关键途径。     

三峡库区典型支流回水区浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因子分析

为了解三峡库区典型支流回水区浮游植物群落结构特征及环境因子的影响,于2018年5月(低水位期)和10月(高水位期)对御临河、澎溪河、大宁河和香溪河回水区的浮游植物群落结构和水环境进行了调查.共采集到浮游植物7门99种,以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门为主,各支流回水区浮游植物种类数排序为澎溪河>大宁河>御临河>香溪河.5月各支...     

五加芪粉对鸡免疫新支流三联灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响

[目的]研究五加芪粉对鸡免疫新支流三联灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响。[方法]将五加芪粉与新支流三联灭活疫苗配合使用,探讨五加芪粉对鸡新城疫抗体和禽流感抗体水平以及外周血淋巴细胞增殖情况的影响。[结果]35日龄、42日龄各组鸡体内抗体水平逐渐上升,其中五加芪粉中、高剂量组与疫苗对照组差异达显著或极显著水平;28、35、42日龄,中、高剂量五加芪粉显著或极显著地促进淋巴细胞增殖。[结论]五加芪粉与鸡新支流三联灭活苗联用具有提高鸡非特异性免疫机能及疫苗免疫效果的作用。     

Land cover influences on juvenile Rainbow Trout diet composition and condition in Lake Michigan tributaries

Watershed development may alter tributaries in ways that influence the growth and development of juvenile fish. For Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, the extent of land cover influence on the diet composition of stream‐residing juveniles is still an open but important question, particularly given their broad global distribution. Our study evaluated the effect of land cover on diet composition and condition metrics of juvenile Rainbow Trout in Lake Michigan tributaries. Juveniles were collected in the fall of 2014 and 2015 from 18 sampling locations across the Lake Michigan basin and included a wide variety of land cover types. Multivariate statistical procedures were used to quantitatively score sites along axes that maximized variation in land cover and diet composition. Subsequently, Spearman's rank correlations were used to test for significance of correlations between (a) land cover and diet composition, (b) land cover and fish condition, and (c) diet composition and fish condition. Our results indicated that land cover had an influence on the diet compositions of juvenile Rainbow Trout, but neither land cover nor diet composition had a significant influence on Rainbow Trout condition. These findings contrast with previously published work focusing on the growth responses of other fish species and provide insight into the plastic nature of Rainbow Trout. Further, we discuss potential ways in which fish may mitigate the effect of land cover changes as they are transmitted through stream food webs; however, the magnitude of the mitigation likely varies among fish species.     

曹娥江三典型支流的水质对比研究

根据对曹娥江水系三典型支流2004年逐月进行水质监测分析，通过时空变异两个角度对这3条支流的水质进行了对比研究。结果表明：（1）以农业非点源污染为主的山溪性河流水质最好；以农业非点源污染为主的河谷平原河流水质次之，但水体富营养化现象比较严重；受工业废水和城市生活污水污染的支流河流水质最差，有机物和氮磷指标严重超标。（2）3条支流中4个化学指标（NO3^--N、NH4^＋-N、TP、CODMn）在各个雨期之间浓度变化具有十分相似的规律。NO3^--N浓度在丰水期较高，在枯水期较低；NH4^＋-N浓度在丰水期较低，枯水期较高；TP浓度各个雨期之间都变化不大，相对稳定；CODMn浓度在各个雨期之问存在变化，但都没有明显的规律。     

Comparison of population dynamics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a small tributary of the River Scorff (Brittany, France)

The population dynamics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) were compared in a small tributary of the River Scorff (Brittany, France) from spawning time to the beginning of the third growing season. The spawning and fry emergence of the two species took place at approximately the same time. In the first autumn, the densityof 0+ juveniles and settling rate from the egg stage were much higher in trout than in salmon. The emigration rate from 0+ population was much higher in trout than in salmon. The size of resident and migrating fish was always smaller in salmon than in trout, whatever the age. The low level of salmon production in the brook, compared with trout, was the result of low survival from egg to 0+ stage in autumn, combined with the small proportion of juveniles migrating after the first growing season. This was not compensated by a high number of migrants the next year. The role of physical habitat, inter-and intraspecific competition, predation and migration dependence on size and early sexual maturity is discussed. Indications are that small tributaries of the type studied are of great value for recruitment in trout but not very productive for juvenile salmon.     

Seasonal habitat use of alligator gar in a river–floodplain ecosystem at multiple spatial scales

Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) populations are declining throughout their range in the United States, even where considered stable. Similar declines in other riverine species are occurring worldwide due to alteration of habitat in river–floodplain systems. Most rivers in the world are highly regulated, resulting in departures from historic hydrology that provides connection to the floodplain habitats used by riverine fishes. Knowledge of the seasonal habitat requirements of alligator gar and similar riverine fishes at a watershed scale is limited, hindering management practices. We used radiotelemetry to monitor movements and habitat use of adult alligator gar (N = 32; 25.0–84.5 kg; 149–224 cm) at macro‐ and microhabitat scales during 2 years of varying hydrology. Fish showed seasonal differences in their use of main channel and floodplain macrohabitats. Floodplain tributaries and their upper reaches were especially important to reproductive ecology. Minimum distance travelled per day varied seasonally. While using the main channel Fourche LaFave River, gar selected low velocity, shallow depth and complex structure along channel margins. The Fourche LaFave River is unique in its connection to floodplain habitats on a relatively predictable basis, with frequent flooding during the spring and summer reproductive period. Our study emphasises the importance of connectivity between the main river channel and floodplain habitats to a floodplain‐obligate riverine species. An intact, heterogeneous riparian zone creates essential microhabitat for the species. Understanding habitat requirements of alligator gar at multiple spatial scales in a river–floodplain system is crucial to management of many other species and river systems.     

Seasonal migration and fine‐scale movement of invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in a Great Lakes tributary

To determine whether invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from Lake Ontario were establishing a year‐round population in a tributary stream or migrating to the lake, we assessed population and individual movement patterns using mark–recapture assessment generated from weekly backpack electrofishing from May until November 2016. Round goby abundance was low in spring, peaked in summer and decreased again in autumn, suggesting seasonal inward stream migration and outward migration back to the lake. Adult round goby movement patterns were positively associated with changes in water temperature, but this was not the case for juveniles. Juveniles displayed a preference for shallow, upstream habitats. Observations of reproductive individuals coupled with a peak in juvenile abundance following the peak in adult abundance indicate that the tributary was used for reproduction and recruitment. The individual movement was primarily upstream in spring, and there was little net movement in summer, likely during reproduction. Downstream movement occurred in autumn over a short time period, suggesting rapid outmigration to the lake. The combined observations of seasonal population structure and individual movement suggest that tributary streams connected to large, infested waterbodies can be used for round goby reproduction and recruitment, rather than year‐round residence. This study provides evidence of round goby seasonal migration and their individual movement patterns within tributary streams, which complements an earlier study in Lake Erie tributaries and may be a common occurrence in other Great Lakes tributaries.     

三峡库区次级河流污染现状与对策研究

沉水植物金鱼藻和黑藻在治理三峡库区次级河流水体污染具有广阔前景,对保护三峡水库的水环境贡献很大,在库区水体中可以发挥强大的环境生态功能。本文通过分析三峡库区次级河流的环境问题,预测了金鱼藻和黑藻在库区的应用前景,即防止水体富营养化、有机物污染、重金属污染、抑制藻类生长,以及维持生物多样性、生态完整性和稳定性。