Retracted: Study of testis histology and sperm morphology in the Bunnei,Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther, 1874) induced by luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue and carp pituitary extract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of hormone treatment on testis structure in Barbus sharpeyi, as well as the morphology of sperm examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Male B. sharpeyi were divided into three groups (three fish per group) and injected with luteinizing hormone – releasing hormone analogue (LHRH–A₂) or carp pituitary extract (CPE). The first and second groups were treated with 10 μg kg^?1 LHRH–A₂ and metoclopramide (MET), and their testis were sampled pre‐ and Poststripping respectively. The third group received 2 mg kg^?1 CPE and were killed pre‐stripping. Based on the histological results obtained, the testicular connective tissue of the lumen was thicker, and seminal vesicles were of a lower volume, in fish injected with CPE in comparison to the other groups. After treatment with LHRH–A₂ and MET, not all spermatozoa within the testis were ejaculated, and only a small amount of sperm was obtained by abdominal stripping. The highest and lowest diameters of connective tissue within lobules were observed in fish receiving CPE and LHRH–A₂ treatments respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in lobule space between the fish injected with the CPE and the fish injected with the LHRH–A₂ and MET. The SEM results revealed that the spermatozoa of B. sharpeyi were composed of a spherical to elliptical head, a cylindrical midpiece, and a lengthy flagellum. In conclusion, it was found that injection with LHRH–A₂ and MET improved the spermatogenic process in comparison to injection with CPE.     

Effect of a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on testicular blood flow measured by color doppler ultrasonography in male Shiba goats

Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 1 µg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW). Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and inhibin (INH) were measured just before (0 hr) and at different intervals post injection by radioimmunoassay. Testis volume (TV) and Doppler indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the supratesticular artery, were measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. The results indicated an increase in testicular blood flow in both groups, as RI and PI decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this increase was significant higher and earlier in hCG group (1 hr) than in the GnRH group (2 hr). A high correlation was found for RI and PI with both T (RI, r= −0.862; PI, r= −0.707) and INH in the GnRH group (RI, r=0.661; PI, r=0.701). However, a significant (P<0.05) correlation was found between E2 and both RI (r= −0.610) and PI (r= −0.763) in hCG group. In addition, TV significantly increased and was highly correlated with RI in both groups (GnRH, r= −0.718; hCG, r= −0.779). In conclusion, hCG and GnRH may improve testicular blood flow and TV in Shiba goats.     

草地贪夜蛾种群性诱测报方法研究

草地贪夜蛾已经成为中国农业生产的重大害虫,准确地预测预报是指导防治的基础。本研究采用国产草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱陷多测试了3种不同类型诱捕器对草地贪夜蛾的田间诱捕效果。结果表明,诱陷多有效期可达60 d以上,3种诱捕器中以桶型诱捕器诱捕量最高。实验室研究显示,不同日龄草地贪夜蛾雄虫精巢长轴长度有显著性差异,精巢长轴长度随日龄增加不断减小。据此规律,制定了按照精巢长轴大小判断雄蛾日龄的指标,并反演重构了田间雌、雄虫种群羽化的动态曲线。本研究表明,可以利用性诱到的雄虫的精巢发育状况推算田间种群的年龄结构,进而达到通过预测雌虫产卵与幼虫孵化动态指导防治的目的。     

牦牛和雄性不育犏牛睾丸中Prm1和Prm2基因表达

为探索牦牛(Bos grunniens)杂交后代(犏牛)雄性不育的分子机制,比较了牦牛及其杂交后代睾丸中两种精蛋白(Prm)基因的表达。从成年牦牛(n=13)和犏牛(n=7)睾丸中提取总RNA,定量PCR分析表明,犏牛睾丸中Prm1和Prm2基因的m RNA水平均极显著低于牦牛(P0.01),这将影响正常精子发生的过程,推测可能与犏牛雄性不育有一定关系。     

Effects of in vitro exposure to mercury on male gonads and sperm structure of the tropical fish tuvira Gymnotus carapo (L.)

This study investigated the progressive effects of HgCl₂ in the testis and sperm of the tropical fish tuvira Gymnotus carapo L. exposed to increasing Hg concentrations (5–30 μm ) and increasing exposure times (24–96 h). Histopathology and metal concentrations in the testis were observed. Hg concentrations in the testis reached 5.1 and 5.2 μg g^?1 in fish exposed to 20 and 30 μm of Hg, respectively. Hg effects on testicular tissue were observed even at low Hg concentrations, with no alterations in gonadosomatic index. However, the quantitative analysis of the induced alterations (lesion index) demonstrated that the Hg effects in testis became more severe after exposure to higher concentrations (20 and 30 μm ) and during longer exposure (72 and 96 h), probably leading to partial or total loss of the organ function. Hg exposure (20 μm ) also affected sperm count and altered sperm morphology. This study showed that HgCl₂ caused progressive damage to testicular tissue, reduced sperm count and altered sperm morphology. These results are important in establishing a direct correlation between Hg accumulation and severity of lesions.     

Study on Expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA Genes in Testicular Tissue of Chickens,Quails and Chicken-quail Hybrids

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of stunted growth testis of chicken (♂) and quail (♀) hybrids. 84 testicular tissue samples of New Roman cocks, male Korean quails and chicken-quail hybrids at different developmental stages were collected,the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA genes in testicular tissue of cocks, quails and chicken-quail hybrids at different growth stages were detected using Real-time PCR. The results showed that the Bcl-2 and PCNA genes mRNA expression patterns in testes of chickens and quails at different growth stages were similar.The Bcl-2 gene was fluctuated in a whole, and decreased to the lowest value, then recovered rapidly and remained at a high level. The PCNA gene had a very significant peak value.Compared with the chicken and quail,the expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA genes mRNA in hybrids had no obvious change, which indicated that the pattern of the Bcl-2 gene regulation apoptosis in testis was different from chicken and quail at the hybrid testicular development process, and there was no obvious cell appreciation process.It was suggested that the molecular influencing factors of testicular dysplasia of chicken and quail hybrids were related to the abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA genes mRNA in testes.The results provided an important reference for the further study of the mechanism of testicular dysplasia between chicken and quail interspecific hybrids.     

半番鸭与番鸭精巢组织差异表达转录组测序分析

【目的】研究半番鸭与番鸭精巢组织转录组差异表达基因,为进一步阐明半番鸭不育的遗传机制奠定理论基础。【方法】利用转录组测序方法对半番鸭和番鸭的精巢组织进行研究,筛选其差异表达基因,并对其功能进行注释和荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,QRT-PCR)验证。【结果】测序共获得43.84Gb Clean Data,组装后共获得193 535条Unigene。DESeq分析发现3 597个基因在两个鸭品种间差异表达,其中上调基因1 194个和下调基因2 403个,包括与生殖功能相关的基因,如成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor,FGF)、蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶7(mitogen-activated protein kinase 7-like,partial,BMK)、生长因子受体结合蛋白2(growth factor receptor-bound protein 2,GRB2)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)和肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员6(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6,FAS)等。GO(gene Ontology)分析发现382个差异基因获得功能注释,其中97个基因涉及发育繁殖生物学过程。KEGG(kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)通路分析表明差异表达基因共富集到50条信号通路中,其中17个通路显著富集,包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号转导通路(mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,MAPK)、甘油酯代谢(glycerolipid metabolism)以及钙信号途径(calcium signaling pathway)信号通路等,与生殖功能密切相关的有促性腺激素释放激素信号通路(gonadotropin releasing hormone(Gn RH)signaling pathway)和MAPK信号转导通路。经QRT-PCR验证,差异基因表达变化模式与转录组测序结果一致,测序结果可靠。【结论】在转录组水平上筛选出半番鸭和番鸭精巢组织差异表达基因,揭示了Gn RH和MAPK信号通路在鸭的生殖活动中发挥了重要作用,为进一步探索半番鸭生殖系统的分化机理提供可靠的参考依据。     

猪睾丸组织定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

【目的】采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)对基因表达进行分析时,选择适当的内参基因是获得准确分析结果的关键。在猪睾丸分子生物学研究中,表达稳定的蛋白编码内参基因和micro RNA(miRNA)内参基因均有哪些目前尚不清楚。本研究旨在筛选出合适的内参基因,为准确定量不同时期猪睾丸组织中目的基因的表达提供可靠依据。【方法】选用8个不同发育时期(E 90、D 1、D 30、D 60、D 90、D 120、D 150、DM)的猪睾丸组织为材料,采用Trizol裂解法提取各样品的总RNA,利用Nan Drop ND-2000分光光度计检测总RNA的浓度和纯度。设计并合成已报道的猪其他组织中表达相对稳定的5个编码内参基因(GAPDH、TBP、β-actin、SDHA和B2M)以及5个miRNA内参基因(U6、ssc-miR-17-5p、ssc-miR-26a、ssc-miR-27a和ssc-miR-103)的特异性引物序列,逆转录得到cDNA模板后,按1:10梯度稀释为7个浓度梯度进行qRT-PCR反应以构建标准曲线。并对10个候选内参基因在各时期睾丸组织中的表达情况进行实时荧光定量全面检测,采用Ge Norm法对定量结果进行综合分析,最后根据内参基因稳定性值(M值)的大小筛选出最稳定的参考基因;M值越小,表明内参基因的稳定性越好,反之则越差。【结果】对GAPDH、TBP、β-actin、SDHA、B2M、U6、ssc-miR-17-5p、ssc-miR-26a、ssc-miR-27a和ssc-miR-103 10个候选内参基因的熔解曲线进行分析发现,均无非特异扩增及引物二聚体,说明各内参基因特异性良好,qRT-PCR反应的专一性高;以Ct值为纵坐标,相对拷贝数的对数为横坐标进行标准曲线分析可知,各内参基因在系列稀释的浓度梯度内具有良好的线性关系;通过对10个候选内参基因在不同时期猪睾丸组织中的表达稳定性分析发现,蛋白编码基因中,最稳定的为TBP,最不稳定的是GAPDH;miRNA候选内参中,最稳定的为U6,最不稳定的是ssc-miR-26a。【结论】成功筛选出猪睾丸组织基因表达分析中稳定表达的内参基因TBP和U6,可作为猪睾丸组织基因表达研究中最佳内参基因候选者。