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1.
Salinity is a common abiotic stress causing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield loss worldwide. The use of tolerant cultivars is an effective and economic approach to coping with this stress. Towards this, research is needed to identify salt‐tolerant germplasm and better understand the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance in soybean. The objectives of this study were to identify salt‐tolerant genotypes, to search for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and QTLs associated with salt tolerance. A total of 192 diverse soybean lines and cultivars were screened for salt tolerance in the glasshouse based on visual leaf scorch scores after 15–18 days of 120 mM NaCl stress. These genotypes were further genotyped using the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChip. Genomewide association mapping showed that 62 SNP markers representing six genomic regions on chromosomes (Chr.) 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 18, respectively, were significantly associated with salt tolerance (p < 0.001). A total of 52 SNP markers on Chr. 3 are mapped at or near the major salt tolerance QTL previously identified in S‐100 (Lee et al., 2014). Three SNPs on Chr. 18 map near the salt tolerance QTL previously identified in Nannong1138‐2 (Chen, Cui, Fu, Gai, & Yu, 2008). The other significant SNPs represent four putative minor QTLs for salt tolerance, newly identified in this study. The results above lay the foundation for fine mapping, cloning and molecular breeding for soybean salt tolerance.  相似文献   
2.
Cold stress is a major problem in rice production. To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice(DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant(R) and susceptible(S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines(BILs) population(derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNPindex) graphs(at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R-and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion(InDel) markers(12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR. These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.  相似文献   
3.
Our objective was to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with resistance to the salmon louse in the Saint John River aquacultural population of North American Atlantic salmon using estimated breeding values (EBVs) and 6K genotypes from the parent‐generation and lice count phenotypes from the challenged, but ungenotyped, offspring‐generation. In 2011 and 2012, we challenged recent smolts with approximately 100 copepodids each. Fish were euthanized once the lice reached the chalimus stages and lice count, sex, tank and salt water weight were recorded. We used a multiple trait model to estimate breeding values for the parent‐generation using their own fresh water weights and the salt water weights and lice counts of the offspring‐generation. Salmon lice count heritability for untransformed and transformed data was 0.17 and 0.29 respectively. Two different genome‐wide association study methods were compared: (i) forward multiple linear regression and (ii) a mixed linear model using principal components to correct for population stratification as implemented in the egscore function of GenABEL. The two methods detected different SNPs located on different chromosomes. The multiple regression method incorporated 70 SNPs found on chromosomes 2, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 21, 22, 1p/23, 24. Many SNPs entered into the forward multiple regression are likely to be false positives from not correcting for the observed population stratification and cryptic relatedness. In contrast, the mixed linear model identified only two SNPs, one on chromosome 1p/23 (6.9%) and one on chromosome 1q (6.1%) consistent with louse‐resistance being a quantitative trait.  相似文献   
4.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide (NT)‐rich yeast supplementation on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 g/kg of NT‐rich yeast, respectively. A total of 480 shrimp with an average initial body weight of 1.86 ± 0.02 g were randomly allocated into four groups, with four replicates per group and 30 shrimp each replicate. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast had significantly higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the control diet, and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplemental diet. However, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. The crude protein of whole shrimp in the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group was higher than that in the control group. Total protein, triglyceride concentrations, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly influenced by the dietary NT‐rich yeast supplementation. The activities of serum phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) of shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast were higher than those in shrimp fed the other diets. Relative expressions of alp and lzm significantly upregulated in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group compared to the control group. The intestinal fold height and fold width in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group were significantly higher than those fed the control diet; and the highest microvillus height occurred in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast diet. In summary, dietary 30–50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplementation promotes growth performance, enhances innate immunity and improves intestinal morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei.  相似文献   
5.
【目的】探明太湖地区优良食味高产软米粳稻品种特征。【方法】收集适合太湖地区种植的软米粳稻品种,根据软米粳稻品种生育期、产量和食味品质进行分类,比较研究了不同熟期不同产量与食味品质类型的软米粳稻产量和品质形成的差异。【结果】高产类型软米粳稻每穗粒数、群体颖花量显著高于中产类型。与味中类型相比,味优类型软米粳稻穗数、每穗粒数和结实率相当,而千粒重较小。与中产类型相比,高产类型软米粳稻生育中后期干物质积累量和氮素积累量较高,最终干物质量和总氮素积累量较大。与味中类型相比,味优软米粳稻的糙米率、精米率和整精米率有所增加,垩白粒率和垩白度显著提高,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量减少,胶稠度变长,淀粉RVA特征值中峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度增加,米饭食味值显著提高。【结论】太湖地区优良食味高产软米粳稻品种特征为穗大粒多,粒重较小,生育中后期干物质与氮素积累能力强,加工品质趋好,外观品质差,蒸煮食味品质优。  相似文献   
6.
鲜食甜玉米对比试验及生育期气象条件分析研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
开展甜玉米品质对比试验研究,比较分析各参试甜玉米品种的性状、品质、口感,筛选出适合呼和浩特地区推广种植的甜玉米品种,为种植户提供专业的技术指导。主要依据试验基地小区分区试验,对试验甜玉米品种进行全生育期观测,每个品种采用田间随机选样4组,每组依次选取10株进行观测,主要针对生长状况、产量结构各要素进行测定,根据专家现场鉴评,对每个品种口感进行综合测评。结果表明:15个甜玉米品种中,‘万彩甜糯118’、‘禾甜糯2’、‘金糯628’、‘万糯2018’、‘美玉加甜糯36号’几个品种果穗大小均匀,籽粒饱满,排列整齐,并且甜糯可口,品质较好;‘禾甜糯2’属于口感型玉米,但是穗长较小,因此建议种植户选用时,如果追求甜玉米穗长和产量,应该尽量摒弃;‘美玉加甜糯36号’是早熟玉米,口感既糯又香甜,但是由于生育期短,因此种植时一定要合理结合销路进行种植,以防玉米过早衰老;‘万彩甜糯118’、‘金糯628’、‘万糯2018’属于中熟品种,建议大面积推广种植。综合甜玉米品种特性,甜玉米生育期越长,口感越佳,一般早熟甜玉米口感较差,中晚熟甜玉米口感比较好,杂交系甜玉米比自交系甜玉米更甜更糯,本次试验中,发现黄白相间、彩糯玉米等口感都比较好;甜玉米受干旱、高温、连阴天等不利天气影响较大,在生长期如果水肥条件太差不利于玉米快速生长,在开花期至乳熟期,如果出现高温或者连阴天,将会影响玉米授粉,同时不利于玉米结籽。  相似文献   
7.
武小曼  方红  聂品  昌鸣先 《水产学报》2020,44(9):1525-1538
组蛋白是染色体核小体的重要组分,在调控染色质结构、基因转录、个体发育等不同生物学过程中起着重要作用。为了研究鱼类组蛋白基因是否存在核苷酸的多态性以及组蛋白核苷酸多态性是否会影响鱼类的抗病力,本实验以斑马鱼和草鱼为研究对象,通过PCR扩增克隆了组蛋白H2A的全长开放阅读框;利用过表达技术、菌落平板计数、感染存活分析以及荧光定量PCR技术,研究了斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性不同变异体在杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染中的作用。在本研究中,实验发现鱼类组蛋白H2A存在着丰富的核苷酸多态性。序列分析结果显示斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体核苷酸序列相似性为90%~100%;而两两H2A核苷酸多态性变异体氨基酸序列之间最多只有3个位点存在差异。通过体内和体外抗菌实验可知,斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸的多态性显著影响H2A的抗菌活性。此外,筛选出的抗菌组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体在斑马鱼体内的过表达,不仅具有免疫增强的作用,还能显著增强斑马鱼对杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染的抗病力。本研究为筛选具有抗病作用的组蛋白H2A免疫保护原奠定了重要基础。  相似文献   
8.
试验旨在探讨心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP)基因在绵羊中的遗传多态性,并寻找可用于辅助选择的分子标记。本研究以滩羊(250只)及滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代(174只)为试验动物,利用SNaPshot分型技术对H-FABP基因(GenBank登录号:AY157617)的多态位点进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分析,统计基因频率和基因型频率,进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡性检测,计算期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)和有效等位基因数(Ne)等遗传多态指标,分析候选基因不同基因型与体重、体长、体高、胸围、胸深、胸宽和管围等生长性状的关联性。结果显示:①检测到9个多态位点:939[A/G]、980[G/A]、1018[T/C]、2878[C/T]、2956[C/T]、3017[G/A]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]、1056[-/G],其中有6处转换、2处颠换、1处单碱基插入。②939[A/G]、980[G/A]、2956[C/T]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]和1018[T/C]的He为0.3200~0.4666,PIC为0.2688~0.3577;2878[C/T]、3017[G/A]位点的He为0.0283~0.1272,PIC为0.0279~0.1191,为低度多态;1056[-/G]位点的He在滩羊、滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代群体中分别为0.0120和0,PIC在滩羊、滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代群体中分别为0.0119和0;9个多态位点在滩羊、滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代群体中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。③5个多态位点:939[A/G]、980[G/A]、2956[C/T]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]处于紧密连锁(D'>0.99),将H-FABP基因分为3个单倍型:AA、AB和BB。④在41只滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代羊中,BB单倍型在各生产性状上具有最大值,但各单倍型间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,绵羊H-FABP基因具有丰富的遗传多态性,939[A/G]、980[G/A]、2956[C/T]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]5个位点紧密连锁,BB单倍型可能是与绵羊生产性状相关的优势单倍型。  相似文献   
9.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(10):2351-2360
As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3(FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model(GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR(q RTPCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1(NC_019459.2: g.101771685 TC(SNP1)) and exon 3(NC_019459.2: g.101810848, AC(SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter(MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight(LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight(GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool(SF) group was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of the fine wool(F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level(P0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels(P0.01) at the 65 th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep markerassisted selection(MAS).  相似文献   
10.
本研究旨在了解酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(tyrosinase related protein 1,TYRP1)基因在中国地方绵羊群体内的遗传变异,以及TYRP1基因突变与不同毛色表型绵羊群体的相关性。通过直接测序法和PCR-RFLP技术对10个中国地方绵羊群体进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)检测,利用Beagle、PLINK和POPGENE等软件对突变位点数据进行单倍型构建、连锁不平衡分析和遗传变异研究。突变位点检测结果表明,在绵羊TYRP1基因内识别了13个SNPs,其中位于TYRP1基因外显子上的10个SNPs位点,除个别位点在大尾寒羊、中国美利奴羊和岷县黑裘皮羊中没有发生突变外,其他突变位点在所有绵羊品种中均出现不同程度变异,说明中国地方绵羊群体具有较高的遗传多样性。单倍型分析结果表明,所有样本中共有42个单倍型,优势单倍型0000000000(245/918)、0100000001(91/918)在所有绵羊群体中均存在,除单倍型0101100000(93/918)在中国美利奴羊中没有出现,单倍型0001000001(69/918)在岷县黑裘皮羊、哈萨克羊群体中没有出现外,在其他群体中均存在。连锁分析结果表明,10个SNPs在所有样本中均存在2个连锁模块。群体遗传变异分析表明,中国地方绵羊群体具有较高水平的群体内遗传变异,各绵羊品种间存在明显的遗传分化模式,且各品种遗传关系与其品种传统分类结果基本一致。本研究为进一步研究TYRP1基因对绵羊毛色遗传性状的影响提供了参考依据。  相似文献   
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