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1.
The fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging crop pests, and it has become major threat to the food security of many countries. In order to monitor possible invasion of this pest into China, a searchlight trap was established in March 2018 in western Yunnan Province, China, where it has served as the "first station" for many pests that have migrated from Myanmar to China. A number of suspected FAW moths were captured and identified by DNA sequencing. The results showed that the FAW moth was first captured on December 11 and formed its first immigration peak in mid-December 2018. DNA detection revealed that the early invading FAW population was the "corn-strain". The field survey indicated that the pest mainly colonized corn in Pu'er, Dehong and Baoshan areas. Migration trajectory simulation implied that the moths might have mainly come from the eastern area in the mid-latitude region of Myanmar(20–25°N, 94–100°E). This case study confirmed the first immigration of FAW into China, and will be helpful for guiding monitoring and management work to control this pest.  相似文献   
2.
研究沙丘移动规律与空间分异特征有助于准确了解风沙活动的危害程度,为区域城镇规划和青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设提供参考。该研究基于GoogleEarth软件测量横向沙丘的形态参数与移动速度,分析了移动速度与方向的空间分异特征,以及移动速度对形态参数的响应。结果表明,1)柴达木盆地内沙丘移动速度介于0~23.53 m/a之间,平均4.66 m/a,以中速(1~5 m/a)为主(53.73%),中部移动最快(5.22±4.27 m/a),东南部最慢(3.27±3.08 m/a),移动方向与主风向一致;2)沙丘移动速度与宽度的相关性最好(R~2=0.988),以后的研究中需多关注沙丘宽度这一参数;3)从柴达木盆地整体看,降水量越大、风速越低,沙丘移动越慢;从局部看,植被覆盖度越大,沙丘移动越慢;4)密集的河流可阻挡沙丘移动,保护格尔木市区,但不能消除沙丘移动的威胁。  相似文献   
3.
为探索不同干燥方式对宁夏泾源黄牛肉水分分布特性及迁移规律的影响,本试验采用低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)结合干燥曲线,对中红外联合电加热(MICEH)、中红外(MI)、低温真空(LTV)3种干燥方式进行对比研究。结果表明,相同加热功率下泾源黄牛肉湿基含水率由72%降至20%以下所需时间分别为330、420和450 min,平均干燥速率分别为0.417 9、0.330 8和0.309 9 g·g-1·h-1;牛肉湿基含水率达到35%左右时,结合水峰积分面积A21明显降低,湿基含水率达到25%时,结合水的信号消失,不易流动水的波峰明显左移;不同干燥方式下,牛肉湿基含水率与核磁共振峰积分面积总和均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.05),其中MICEH干燥的线性回归方程为y=16 913x-1 102.3(R2=0.985 2);MICEH干燥前期水分下降较快,而后期水分扩散速率低于MI及LTV干燥(P<0.05),但在相近含水状态下MICEH干燥的氢质子密度分布相对均匀,牛肉干燥品质较高。本研究结果为MICEH在牛肉干燥生产上的应用提供了试验依据,也为MICEH干燥技术的改进提供了理论参考。  相似文献   
4.
  1. Freshwater environments host roughly half of the world’s fish diversity, much of which is concentrated in large, tropical river systems such as the Amazon. Fishes are critical to ecosystem functioning in the Amazon River basin but face increasing human threats. The basic biology of these species, and particularly migratory behaviour, remains poorly studied, in part owing to the difficulty associated with conducting tagging studies in remote tropical regions.
  2. Otolith microchemistry can circumvent logistical issues and is an increasingly important tool for studying fish life histories. However, this approach is still new in the Amazon, and its potential and limitations to inform fish conservation strategies remain unclear.
  3. Here, otolith microchemistry studies in the Amazon are reviewed, highlighting current possibilities, and several key factors that limit its use as a conservation tool in the Amazon are discussed. These include the dearth of spatiotemporal elemental data, poor understanding of environment–fish–otolith pathways, and insufficient funding, facilities, and equipment.
  4. A research initiative is proposed to harness the potential of this technique to support conservation in the Amazon. Key aspects of the proposal include recommendations for internal and external funding, which are critical to acquiring and maintaining technical staff, cutting-edge equipment, and facilities, as well as fostering regular scientific meetings and working groups. Meetings can facilitate a systematic approach to investigating environment–otolith pathways, broadening the chemical baseline for most Amazonian tributaries, and exploring potential valuable elements.
  5. These outcomes are urgently needed to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the Amazon, especially given threats such as widespread hydroelectric damming. The initiative proposed here could make otolith microchemistry an important, cost-effective tool to inform and foster conservation in the Amazon, and act as a template for other imperilled tropical river basins, such as the Mekong and the Congo.
  相似文献   
5.
【目的】对比分析覆膜与无膜滴灌棉田土壤水分在时间维度上以及空间维度上的运移规律,为棉花精准灌溉、无膜棉栽培技术提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】以膜下滴灌和无膜滴灌作为试验处理,采用5TE土壤水分温度传感器实时采集棉花全生育期土壤水分数据,采用Voxler和Surfer等软件对土壤水分网格数据进行时空插值、3D可视化以及切片。【结果】膜下滴灌土壤水分含量整体高于无膜滴灌处理;垂直方向上,膜下滴灌各不同深度土层间的运移加快,土壤水分含量随着深度增加而增加,在底层土壤(80~100 cm)水分含量最多,而无膜滴灌各土层间的土壤水分交流不活跃,水分主要集中表层土壤(0~20 cm);水平方向上,2种处理的近根系和远根系土层的土壤水分含量无显著差异;时间维度上,随着棉花生育进程的推进,膜下滴灌处理的土壤水分含量总体呈现上升的趋势,土壤水分消退速率在滴灌前(6月20日)为3×10-4 m3/(m3·d),6月20日至8月11日(滴灌后)维持在30×10-4 m3/(m3·d),8月11日至8月26日增至30×10-4 m3/(m3·d),8月26日(最后1次滴灌)后降低至30×10-4 m3/(m3·d),而无膜滴灌处理的土壤水分变化较为平稳,滴灌前水分消退速率在0.7×10-4 m3/(m3·d),滴灌后为10×10-4 m3/(m3·d)。【结论】覆膜处理能使土壤水分从表层向下运移,底层(80~100 cm)水分最多;而水平方向上,2种处理的近根系和远根系土壤水分无明显差异;时间维度上,覆膜处理提高了滴灌棉田的土壤水分的变化波动,使其水分消退速率增加,无膜处理的水分消退速率却保持稳定。  相似文献   
6.
滴灌下生物质改良材料对盐渍土水盐氮运移的调控效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探究生物质改良材料对滴灌盐渍土水、盐、肥运移过程的调控效应,采用土箱模拟试验,研究了水肥一体化滴灌条件下,生物炭和腐殖酸两种改良材料对盐渍土水、盐、氮运移和再分布过程及其时空分布特征的影响规律。结果表明:在滴灌条件下,盐渍土壤水盐的时空动态变化表现出明显的水分入渗驱动的盐分运移过程和蒸发扩散驱动的水盐再分布过程;铵态氮含量在时间上表现出先增大、后减小的变化趋势,在空间上的运移再分布特征较弱;硝态氮含量初始时空分布表现出与水盐相似的运移特征,受铵态氮硝化作用的多重影响,后期空间分布与铵态氮空间分布相似;生物炭通过提高土壤饱和导水率,增大了入渗阶段土壤水、盐、氮的运移速率和分布范围;腐殖酸通过提高土壤田间持水率增大了再分布过程土壤水、盐、氮的分布范围和强度,同时其对尿素的水解和硝化过程表现出更强的抑制效果。应用生物质改良材料在改变土壤物理性状进而调控滴灌土壤水盐运移的同时,还影响土壤氮素转化运移过程及其分布,这为水肥一体化滴灌盐渍农田的节水、控盐、减肥治理提供了理论基础。  相似文献   
7.
European nase (Chondrostoma nasus) is a specialist riverine fish, characterised by a complex life cycle making it vulnerable to habitat degradation. Recent findings indicate that, analogously to salmonids, the interstitial zone quality may pose a serious bottleneck for successful recruitment of this species. In this study, nase eggs were exposed to different substrate qualities. First, standardised substrate mixtures with differing fine sediment additions were used. Second, we tested different homogenous gravel fractions for their influence on egg development and emergence success. In both setups, substrate composition significantly affected emergence success, timing of emergence and larvae size at emergence. In the substrate mixtures, emergence was most successful in substratum with no fine sediment addition (98%) and decreased to 55% in substratum with 20% fine sediment addition. Emergence was most successful in the coarsest fraction (93%) and decreased to 47% in the finest fraction. Over all treatments, the time between hatching and emergence from substrate differed by up to 156 degree days, thereby indicating that free embryos of nase use the shelter of the interstitial zone for early ontogeny. These results suggest that a loose and porous stream bed can positively contribute to the development success of eggs and larvae and thereby potentially improve the recruitment of nase populations. It is thus important to consider the substrate and interstitial conditions in the conservation and restoration management of this rheophilic cyprinid.  相似文献   
8.
为探索黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)繁殖时期对人工鱼巢的偏好性, 2018年6—7月开展了不同水温条件下黄颡鱼对不同鱼巢颜色和材质产卵偏好性的对比实验。实验用产卵鱼巢为半球形棕榈空鱼巢(直径25 cm,深12 cm);同规格内部放置4~6枚碎石块的棕榈鱼巢和塑料鱼巢;折叠6层尼龙渔网(30cm×40cm)和棕榈片(30cm×40cm)鱼巢,于水泥池(290 cm×120 cm×100 cm)内开展两种温度区间条件下产卵偏好性实验。实验用黄颡鱼亲本雌雄比例为1:1,雌鱼体长(167.8±19.0)mm,体重(99.9±21.7)g;雄鱼体长(235.1±18.8)mm,体重(188.5±38.1)g。结果表明,在24~26℃水环境下,半球形棕色棕榈(无石子)鱼巢内个体平均附卵量为628.49粒/m2,个体单位面积平均附卵率为2.77%;28~32℃水环境下,半球形棕榈(无石子)个体平均附卵量为225.48粒/m2,个体单位面积平均附卵率为1.40%。结果分析发现, 24~26℃是黄颡鱼产卵的最适水温区间;黄颡鱼对棕色鱼巢产卵偏好显著(P0.05),而对灰色、粉色、黄色和绿色无明显偏好;黄颡鱼对半球形棕榈(无石子)鱼巢产卵偏好显著(P0.05),而对其他材质鱼巢的偏好性依次为:半球形棕榈(有石子)平铺棕榈片悬挂棕榈片半球形塑料水泥池。可见,黄颡鱼产卵的最佳偏好为24~26℃水环境下棕色半球形棕榈鱼巢。本研究结果对黄颡鱼的人工繁殖、产沉黏性卵鱼类产卵场的修复和资源增殖有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   
9.
旨在研究microRNA-146a(miR-146a)对羊驼黑色素细胞增殖和迁移的调控及其分子机制。本研究使用双荧光素酶试验验证MAPK4和Myosin Va是miR-146a的靶基因;利用荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹试验检测在羊驼黑色素细胞中过表达miR-146a对相关下游基因表达的影响;利用CCK8和Transwell检测miR-146a过表达对羊驼黑色素细胞增殖和迁移的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,将miR-146a和MAPK4或Myosin Va共转染293T细胞,双荧光素酶活性分别极显著下降36%和30%(P<0.001);MAPK4和Myosin Va基因转录水平分别极显著下调67%和47%(P<0.001,P<0.01);蛋白质水平的表达量分别显著或极显著下调38%和69%(P<0.05,P<0.01);增殖和迁移相关的基因CREB、MITF、MLPH和Rab27a在转录水平和蛋白水平的表达均极显著下调(P<0.01,P<0.001);CCK8和Transwell结果显示,过表达miR-146a使羊驼黑色素细胞的增殖和迁移能力极显著下调(P<0.01)。综上所述,miR-146a通过靶向调控MAPK4和Myosin Va,使增殖和迁移相关的基因MEK1、CREB、MITF、MLPH和Rab27a的表达下调,从而对羊驼黑色素细胞的增殖和迁移起抑制作用。  相似文献   
10.
The fall armyworm(FAW, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith), invaded China in mid-December 2018; since then, it has become a great threat to Chinese agricultural production. Qinling Mountains–Huaihe River region(QM–HRR) is the transitional zone between northern and southern China, an important region for both corn and wheat production. Based on the actual occurrence of QM–HRR invaded by FAW in 2019, daily mean surface air temperature and nocturnal wind conditions at 925 hPa were examined, and migratory routes of FAW moths originated in QM–HRR were modeled by a forward-trajectory-analysis approach. The results indicated that migratory activities of FAW adults emerged in QM–HRR were initiated from late June. The moths from western QM–HRR, where has complex topographic terrain, mainly flied to Ningxia and Inner Mongolia before mid September. However, FAW moths from the eastern QM–HRR primarily engaged in high-altitude northward transport assisted by the prevailing southerly winds before mid August, and the North China Plain was identified as the main destination of FAW. Meanwhile, the migration trajectories of FAW moths had a possibility to reach the Northeast China Plain. From mid August, FAW moths in eastern QM–HRR largely migrated southward and returned to the Yangtze River Valley. This study provides detailed information on the occurrence and migration routes of FAW moths from QM–HRR and will be helpful for early warning and development of integrated pest management strategies for the control of this exotic insect pest.  相似文献   
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