油菜素内酯及配施外源钙对日光温室越冬茬番茄生长、坐果及产量的影响

为检验油菜素内酯(BR)的应用效果,采用大田试验的方法,研究不同浓度BR及其配施外源钙对日光温室越冬茬番茄生长、生理特性变化、坐果及产量的影响。结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,高浓度BR处理对番茄前期株高生长起到一定的抑制作用;适宜浓度的BR处理使株高增加。高浓度BR处理使番茄叶片MDA含量显著增高,且降低可溶性糖含量;适宜浓度的BR处理可降低番茄叶片MDA含量和相对电导率,增加番茄叶片的脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量,提高番茄的叶绿素含量。高浓度的BR处理会抑制番茄坐果,降低番茄第1花序的产量;适宜浓度的BR处理可提高番茄各层花序的坐果率,提高番茄产量。BR配施外源钙处理对番茄前期生长、生理指标优化、提高番茄坐果率和产量的加成效应不明显。综上,BR配施外源钙处理的效果不显著,适宜浓度的BR可以单独在日光温室越冬茬番茄生产上应用,以提高番茄的抗逆性和产量。     

圈养华南虎血液生化指标正常参考值初步研究

以国内部分圈养的健康华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis作为研究对象,通过收集华南虎血液生化报告和采集华南虎血液样本检测建立样本数据,血样检测采用自动血液生化分析仪干式试剂片生化技术测定,测定血液生化指标包括血糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酐(CREA)等。得到华南虎血液生化共38项指标的正常参考值范围(95%概率),其中几项主要指标正常值范围如下:GLU(2.82-11.55)mmol/L、TP(56.58-85.93)g/L、CHOL(3.32-8.66)μmol/L、TBIL(0-5.30)μmol/L、CREA(52-349)μmol/L等。统计结果显示,雌雄华南虎间血液生化指标的部分项目有差异(P <0.05),幼龄组和成年组间各项生化指标差异不显著(P >0.05),与其他虎亚种相关血液生化报道的生化指标部分有差别。华南虎血液生化指标正常参考值范围不同于其他虎亚种,建立华南虎血液生化指标正常值对华南虎的饲养管理、疾病诊治预防和保育繁殖研究工作有重要作用。     

油莎豆主要营养成分及生理功能研究进展

油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus L.），又称虎坚果，沙草科莎草属多年生草本植物。油莎豆具有适应性广、生长期短、生物量大、含油量高等优势特性。油莎豆茎叶可做青贮饲料，块茎可生吃或熟吃，此外，油莎豆还可用来榨油，榨油后的油饼可用来做饲料。因此油莎豆作为一种集粮、油、牧、饲于一体的新兴农作物，具有较高的经济价值和开发潜力。为了深入了解油莎豆，促进油莎豆资源的高值化利用和研究，本文综述了油莎豆中油脂、蛋白和多糖等主要营养成分的研究进展，详细阐述了油莎豆降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化和保肝等生理功能，并就其市场规模和科学研究前景进行了展望。     

NaHS引发提高裸燕麦种子活力的生理机制

硫化氢（H₂S）信号在作物种子萌发中发挥着重要作用。为探讨外源H₂S供体NaHS引发提高作物种子活力的作用及其生理机制，以裸燕麦种子为材料，分别用不同浓度NaHS （0、50、100、200、400、800、1600 μmol·L^-1）引发18 h和800 μmol·L^-1 NaHS引发不同时间（6、9、12、15、18、21 h），分析其发芽势（GP）、发芽率（GR）、发芽指数（GI）、活力指数（VI）和幼苗干重（DW）的变化，以确定适宜的NaHS引发浓度和引发时间。以未引发种子为对照（CK），同时设置H₂O引发，研究800 μmol·L^-1 NaHS引发18 h对种子H₂S产生、贮藏物质含量和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明，800 μmol·L^-1 NaHS引发18 h可显著提高裸燕麦种子的GP、GR、GI和VI，但对DW的影响不大。NaHS引发对种子淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、还原型抗坏血酸（ASA）、脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）含量及ASA/DHA和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性无显著影响，但显著提高H₂S和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量及细胞色素氧化酶（COX）、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性，分别比CK提高了113.5%、14.4%、103.3%、6.1%、112.0%和120.5%；降低α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性及超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、丙二醛、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、GSH/GSSG和质膜相对透性，分别下降了39.8%、53.6%、34.7%、36.1%、37.6%、29.2%、38.1%和11.9%。由此表明，NaHS引发可能通过提高种子H₂S含量，从而调控抗氧化系统和激活COX活性，降低活性氧对质膜的损伤，增强细胞有氧呼吸代谢，提高裸燕麦种子活力。     

Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ Melons

【Objective】The aim of this study was to identify the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons to provide reference and basis for melon quality evaluation and breeding. 【Method】Eighteen indices, including economic trait and flesh quality of fruits from 6 cultivars and 26 high-generation inbred lines of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons were determined. Based on factor analysis, stepwise regression, correlation analysis and two-dimension ordination map, the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials were identified. 【Result】 Among the 18 indices, single fruit mass, hardness, vitamin C (V_C) content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid acid ratio showed greater variability, and the variation coefficients were more than 20%. However, the variability of fruit transverse diameter, flesh thickness rate and pH were relatively lower and the variation coefficients were less than 10%. Three common factors were extracted from economic trait indices with 87.71% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit shape index, fruit cavity longitudinal diameter, fruit cavity transverse diameter and flesh thickness rate. From quality indices, 4 common factors were extracted with 90.03% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were V_C content, hardness, total soluble solids content, total sugar content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these selected 6 economic trait indices and 7 flesh quality indices, 5 common factors were extracted with 87.35% cumulative variance contribution rate. According to the correlation among the indices and the principle of simplicity and ease of use and avoidance of overlapping information, 5 indices, including fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content, could be used as typical indices to evaluate the fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. The comprehensive quality score of all materials were ranked depended on scores and variance contribution rate of the above 5 common factor and two-dimension ordination map. Finally, 10 materials were selected as high quality materials. 【Conclusion】 Fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content could be used as typical indices to evaluate fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. Inbred lines 25, 24, 22, 21, 8, 1, 17, 18, 20 and 23 were high quality materials.     

不同行距配比对玉米光合生理指标及茎秆特性的影响

以‘大丰30’为试验材料,在同一密度下（75000株/hm²）设置5种不同行距配比,研究不同行距配比对玉米光合生理指标及茎秆力学特性的影响。结果表明：行距配比为40 cm×80 cm时,棒三叶的叶绿素含量(SPAD)在灌浆期达到峰值;行距配比为30 cm×90 cm时,棒三叶净光合速率在灌浆期最高。大口期开始,行距配比为40 cm×80 cm时,叶面积指数(LAI)最高。单株干物质积累量以40 cm×80 cm最高。各行距配比的茎秆硬皮穿刺强度与茎秆弯曲性能随着节位的下降均呈逐渐增强的趋势,从大到小为 40 cm×80 cm>50 cm×70 cm>30 cm×90 cm>60 cm×60 cm>20 cm×100 cm。穗长、穗粗、千粒重和穗粒数各处理间均有不同变化,行距配比为40 cm×80 cm时产量最高,比等行距60 cm×60 cm增产7.96%。由此可见,行距配比为40 cm×80 cm,有利于大穗型品种‘大丰30’的光合性能和茎秆强度的提高,从而达到抗倒伏增产的目的。     

Growth and biomass partitioning of nine provenances of Quillaja saponaria seedlings to water stress

Information on the morphological and physiological responses of seedlings to stressors, such as water stress, is required for successful early establishment of seedlings. We examined provenance variation in morphological and physiological traits of Quillaja saponaria Molina seeds from nine provenances representing a latitudinal transect across the species range in Chile. The seedlings were subjected to two water regimes (well-watered vs water restriction) in a nursery experiment, and growth, biomass, survival, and gas exchange traits were measured. As expected, well-watered seedlings exhibited a superior performance in all traits analysed. Provenance effects were significant for most of the morphological and physiological traits. In the growth and biomass analysis, the northernmost provenance showed the lowest survival, growth and dry biomass, whereas in the gas exchange analysis, the southern interior provenance showed the highest net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. The interaction between water regimes and provenance was only significant for diameter and net photosynthesis. These results indicate that different provenances of Q. saponaria show a stable performance across different controlled drought conditions. This information is of relevance for sourcing seeds for the restoration of the species.     

甘蓝型矮秆油菜与高秆油菜的产量与氮效率比较

为明确甘蓝型矮秆油菜的农艺性状、产量与氮素利用特征,在四川盆地稻油轮作条件下开展了大田试验研究。试验采用二因素裂区设计,以不同株高的油菜品种(矮秆油菜MJ01、高秆油菜川油36)为主因素,不同施氮量(纯氮0、135、225 kg·hm^-2,分别以N₀、N₁、N₂表示)为副因素,在油菜成熟期测定植株的主要农艺性状、产量与氮素积累量,并分析计算相关氮素效率指标。结果表明,矮秆油菜的株高、分枝部位高度、主花序长度、单株角果数均显著低于高秆油菜。相同施氮量(N₁、N₂)条件下,矮秆油菜的籽粒产量(2 289.0、2 857.5 kg·hm^-2)与高秆油菜的籽粒产量(2 258.3、3 006.6 kg·hm^-2)均无显著差异。与高秆油菜相比,矮秆油菜的籽粒N含量相对较低,而N收获指数相对较高,但均无显著差异。矮秆油菜的氮利用效率、氮生理效率均大于高秆油菜,其中氮生理效率的差异显著。矮秆油菜和高秆油菜的氮吸收效率则相近。随施氮量增加,矮秆油菜和高秆油菜的氮吸收效率都呈降低趋势,而氮生理效率呈升高趋势。矮秆油菜具有较大的收获指数、较高的氮利用效率和氮生理效率,且在合理施氮量条件下可以获得与高秆油菜相近的产量。     

一氧化碳(CO)在植物体内的生理生化作用研究进展

为了促进一氧化碳(CO)在植物生理生化方面的研究,本文归纳了CO在植物体中的生物合成途径,CO作为信号分子对植物各种生理功能的调控,以及CO与其他信号分子之间的相互作用。经过分析得出,CO在植物生物胁迫过程中的作用及其作用机制方面的研究还很少,因此,CO在这方面的研究将会成为今后的研究重点。     

青蒿素及其衍生物在动物生产中的应用研究

青蒿素是一种倍半萜内酯类化合物,其特殊的过氧基团结构使其具有抗疟疾、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗寄生虫、免疫调节、缓解热应激、促进生长等作用。青蒿素及其衍生物应用于动物生产中可以替代抗生素,具有广阔的应用前景。文章对青蒿素及其衍生物的生理功能、主要提取方式及在动物生产中的应用进行论述。