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2020年9月在江西省赣州市章贡区新发现一种严重发生的粉蚧,经制作玻片标本,形态鉴定为木瓜粉蚧(Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink),后得到28S序列比较鉴定确认。该虫为国内新入侵物种在江西的首次发现,在赣州主要危害园林绿化植物和杂草,其中以木芙蓉、黄花槐、白花鬼针草危害最甚,介绍了木瓜粉蚧的鉴别特征、寄主、分布和为害情况。  相似文献   
3.
Juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect-specific hormone that regulates molting and metamorphosis. Hence, JH signaling inhibitors (JHSIs) and activators (JHSAs) can be used as effective insect growth regulators (IGRs) for pest management. In our previous study, we established a high-throughput screening (HTS) system for exploration of novel JHSIs and JHSAs using a Bombyx mori cell line (BmN_JF&AR cells) and succeeded in identifying novel JHSIs from a chemical library. Here, we searched for novel JHSAs using this system. The four-step HTS yielded 10 compounds as candidate JHSAs; some of these compounds showed novel basic structures, whereas the others were composed of a 4-phenoxyphenoxymethyl skeleton, the basic structure of several existing JH analogs (pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb). Topical application of seven compounds to B. mori larvae significantly prolonged the larval period, suggesting that the identified JHSAs may be promising IGRs targeting the JH signaling pathway.  相似文献   
4.
黄瓜在我国蔬菜产业中占有重要地位,然而连片种植、重茬栽培等条件下容易滋生病菌,尤其是随着我国保护地蔬菜生产规模的扩大,棚室内的温湿度条件更利于病害的发生与流行,黄瓜生产上面临着严重的病虫害威胁,包括生理性病害、感染性病害及虫害等。本文从抗病品种选育的角度分析了黄瓜病害抗病品种选育技术,并简要介绍了其他防治方法,展望了相关研究的发展方向,为黄瓜病虫害的防治提供参考。  相似文献   
5.
基于轻量型残差网络的自然场景水稻害虫识别   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
准确识别水稻害虫对水稻及时采取防护和治理措施具有重要意义,该研究以自然场景中水稻害虫图像为研究对象,针对水稻害虫图像的颜色纹理与背景相近以及同类害虫形态差异较大等特点,设计了一个由特征提取、全局优化以及局部优化模块构成的轻量型残差网络(Light Weight Residual Network,LW-ResNet)用于水稻害虫识别。在特征提取模块通过增加卷积层数以及分支数对残差块进行改进,有效提取自然场景中水稻害虫图像的深层全局特征并使用全局优化模块进行优化;局部优化模块通过设计轻量型注意力子模块关注害虫的局部判别性特征。LW-ResNet网络在特征提取模块减少了残差块的数量,在注意力子模块中采用深度可分离卷积减少了浮点运算量,从而实现了模型的轻量化。试验结果表明,所设计的LW-ResNet网络在13类水稻害虫图像的测试数据集上达到了92.5%的识别准确率,高于VGG16、ResNet、AlexNet等经典卷积神经网络模型,并且LW-ResNet网络的参数量仅为1.62×106个,浮点运算量仅为0.34×109次,低于MobileNetV3轻量级卷积神经网络模型。该研究成果可用于移动端水稻害虫的自动识别。  相似文献   
6.
便携式柑橘虫害实时检测系统的研制与试验   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
为实现柑橘虫害的快速、准确识别,帮助果农及时掌握果园内虫害的危害程度和分布情况,该研究结合嵌入式图像处理技术设计了一套基于深度卷积神经网络的柑橘虫害实时检测系统。优选MoblieNet作为虫害图像特征提取网络,区域候选网络生成害虫的初步位置候选框,快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks,Faster R-CNN)实现候选框的分类和定位。检测系统根据目标图像中虫害数量计算危害程度,按照正常、轻度、中度、重度4个等级判定柑橘虫害的严重程度,形成虫害识别与级别定量化测评软件。最后引入北斗模块获取采样点位置信息,进一步处理成可视化的虫害热力图。结果表明,该方法可实现对柑橘红蜘蛛和蚜虫的快速准确检测,识别准确率分别达到91.0%和89.0%,单帧图像平均处理速度低至286ms。该系统实现了柑橘虫害的精准识别与定位,可为农药喷洒作业提供精准信息服务。  相似文献   
7.
Trees and woody plants can be attacked by many pests and pathogens either individually or as polymicrobial infections. In particular, infections caused by tree-specific bacterial pathogens have become more common during the last decade, causing serious concern for important tree and woody plant species in horticulture, urban environments, and forests. For example, Xylella and Pseudomonas bacteria are causing significant economic and ecological devastation throughout Europe in olive, cherry, and other stone fruits, mainly because of lack of efficient control methods and the emergence of bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobial compounds such as copper and antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to tackle bacterial plant diseases. One way to achieve this could be through the application of biological control, which offers a more environmentally friendly and targeted approach for pathogen management. This review will explore recent advances in use of pathogen-specific viruses, bacteriophages (or phages), for the biocontrol of bacterial tree diseases. Phages are an important component of plant microbiomes and are increasingly studied in plant pathogen control due to their highly specific host ranges and ability to selectively kill only the target pathogenic bacteria. However, their use still poses several challenges and limitations, especially in terms of managing the bacterial diseases of long-lived trees. A particular insight will be given into phage research focusing on controlling Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas species, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Recent milestones, current challenges, and future avenues for phage therapy in the management of tree diseases are discussed.  相似文献   
8.
针叶树是芬兰、瑞典、挪威、美国、加拿大等欧美国家主要的商品林树种。容器苗是针叶树重要的育苗类型。与裸根苗比较,容器苗具有育苗周期更短、造林季节可延长、苗木适应性更广、苗木质量更一致的优点。因此,容器育苗成为精准林业发展的必然趋势。为了借鉴欧美容器育苗的技术方法,提高我国容器苗的质量,为我国针叶树容器苗发展提供参考,文中主要从4个方面综述了欧美国家检测与提高苗木质量的方法,即列举了针叶树常用的苗木质量检测指标,总结了育苗容器与育苗基质的改良进展,介绍了养分、水分、光照与温度等培养条件的优化手段,简要概述了容器苗病虫害防控的进展,提出了我国相关树种容器苗生产的启示与借鉴。  相似文献   
9.
Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae are the causal agents of important needle diseases on Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases, making the development of control strategies challenging. To investigate the seasonality and climatic drivers of sporulation, inoculum traps, consisting of pine fascicles floating on water in plastic containers, were exchanged fortnightly at five sites in P. radiata plantations between February 2012 and December 2014. Sections of needle baits were plated onto selective media and growth of Phytophthora pluvialis and P. kernoviae recorded. To explore the generalizability of these data, they were compared to detection data for both pathogens from the New Zealand Forest Health Database (NZFHDB). Further, equivalent analyses on infection of Rhododendron ponticum by P. kernoviae in Cornwall, UK allowed the comparison of the epidemiology of P. kernoviae across different host systems and environments. In New Zealand, inoculum of P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was detected between January–December and March–November, respectively. Inoculum of both species peaked in abundance in late winter. The probability of detecting P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was greater at lower temperatures, while the probability of detecting P. pluvialis also increased during periods of wet weather. Similar patterns were observed in NZFHDB data. However, the seasonal pattern of infection by P. kernoviae in the UK was the opposite of that seen for sporulation in New Zealand. Phytophthora kernoviae was likely limited by warmer and drier summers in New Zealand, but by colder winter weather in the UK. These results emphasize the importance of considering both environmental drivers and thresholds in improving our understanding of pathogen epidemiology.  相似文献   
10.
土壤消毒主要用于土壤病虫草害防控。过去几十年,土壤主要采用化学药品熏蒸消毒,不合理使用容易造成环境污染。土壤蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒和热水浇灌等需要专门的仪器设备,且存在能耗较高、灭生性强、容易破坏土壤结构等缺点。目前,土壤日晒技术受到意大利、美国、以色列等70多个国家农业科学家的广泛关注,但在中国依然处于初级阶段。本文总结了国内外学者关于土壤日晒对农业病虫草害、土壤肥力、农作物产量等方面的影响与应用,分析了土壤日晒存在的局限性,并对土壤日晒在未来农业绿色防控上的应用前景进行了展望,以期为农产品无公害生产提供理论依据和实践参考。  相似文献   
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