2016年8月23-24日青海省河南县强降水天气诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、Micaps、卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料等,从环流背景、物理量、卫星云图、雷达回波等方面,对2016年8月23—24日青海省河南县出现的一次短时强降水天气进行分析,探讨造成此次强降水的主要成因。结果表明,在588 dagpm线副高控制范围内高湿高温状态下,冷暖空气的汇合以及切变辐合造成了此次对流不稳定;在具备充分水汽供应的条件下,垂直方向上低空辐合、高空辐散的配置为此次降水提供了动力条件。对流旺盛、雷达强回波带过境的地方会造成强降水。     

基于混合差分AIC算法的植物茎体超声回波位置检测

在植物茎体超声回波检测中,超声一次回波位置的确定是超声检测的基础。因茎体为非均匀、强衰减的介质,超声在其传播过程中形成了复杂的传播路径,这导致超声一次回波位置不易判定。提出了混合差分的最小信息准则(Akaike of information criterion,AIC)算法,可自动有效地获取茎体超声一次回波位置信息。首先,分析该算法的实现过程并通过仿真实验验证了该检测方法的准确性;其次,以茎体木块为检测对象,分析了超声一次回波位置变化与茎体水分变化的关系,发现超声一次回波位置可有效跟踪茎体水分变化。最后,以不同土壤湿度环境下种植的向日葵为检测对象,在09:00—19:00期间完成向日葵茎体超声一次回波位置的动态检测。实验结果表明,向日葵茎体超声一次回波位置的变化与土壤湿度变化呈正相关。不同土壤湿度的向日葵茎体超声检测差异明显:当土壤短时缺水,茎体超声一次回波位置与土壤水分变化波动明显,符合因短时缺水导致的植物抗旱调节活动与正常的水分吸收与蒸腾活动不断转换的生理活动特点;当土壤水分充盈时,茎体超声一次回波位置和土壤水分变化缓和,同时,在11:00—12:00期间,出现土壤水分最小值与超声一次回波位置最大值,符合因蒸腾作用导致茎体水分下降的生理特点。混合差分AIC算法可自动、有效地获取植物茎体的超声一次回波位置,该信息可作为动态跟踪植物茎体生长状态的检测特征。     

SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS ON T2*‐WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE CANINE AND FELINE SPINE

The T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence is a sensitive means to detect blood degradation products. While not a routine sequence in magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in small animals, it can provide additional valuable information in select cases. The goal of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe findings when acquiring this sequence during magnetic resonance imaging examination of the spine in small animals. The University of Tennessee's veterinary radiology database was searched for dogs and cats that underwent magnetic resonance imaging for suspect spinal disease in which a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence was acquired and susceptibility artifact was identified. The following information was recorded: signalment, clinical signs, location and appearance of susceptibility artifact, and final diagnosis. Thirty‐nine cases were included in the study. Extradural susceptibility artifacts were observed in cases of intervertebral disc herniation with or without associated hemorrhage (n = 28), extradural hemorrhage associated with spinal trauma (n = 2), hemophilia (n = 1), and in a cystic extradural mass (n = 1). Remaining lesions displaying susceptibility artifact were intramedullary and included presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (n = 2), hematoma (n = 1), hemangiosarcoma metastasis (n = 1), intramedullary disc extrusion (n = 1), presumptive meningomyelitis (n = 1), and a mass of undetermined etiology (n = 1). Inclusion of a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence may be helpful in spinal magnetic resonance imaging when standard imaging sequences are ambiguous or intramedullary lesions are observed.     

塔额盆地一次强雹云天气的雷达回波分析

2010年7月19日午后塔额盆地出现了一场较强雹云天气过程。根据塔城雷达站监测回波资料,分析此次强单体雹云的结构、演变、移动和降雹特征,对此次冰雹云的类型、结构、特征及其演变趋势进行分析,并提出相应的雹云判识方法。     

Seasonal and diel changes in fish distribution in a tropical hydropower plant tailrace: evidence from hydroacoustic and gillnet sampling

Hydropower plant operation can lead to direct impacts on fish near the dam, causing injuries and death. In Brazil, it is more common to observe these impacts in the tailrace. To understand temporal and spatial variations in fish abundance in the tailrace, to assist plant operation management, surveys were performed in Três Marias Hydropower Plant using hydroacoustics and multimesh gillnets. Data were collected in the tailrace backwater over 1 year, during 18 field trips, each covering a 24‐h cycle with six sampling intervals. A greater abundance of fish was found in the tailrace during the wet season, mainly explained by total discharge. More fish were detected by hydroacoustics and gill nets during night sampling. Siluriformes, which are known to exhibit nocturnal habits, were the predominant species in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, damaging operational procedures for fish should be planned in the dry season, low‐abundance period.     

基于水声技术的黄海近海鱼类活动定点监测研究

为了研究黄海近海鱼类活动规律,采用自主研制的科研型鱼探仪于2015年11月22日至12月5日对调查海域的鱼类活动进行了首次声学调查,统计分析鱼类活动规律。在调查海域布放4套鱼探仪设备对鱼类进行定点长时间监测,并将采集到的鱼类回波数据利用水声技术进行分析和处理,得到调查海域单体鱼类目标强度在垂直方向上的分布、鱼类目标强度大小的分布以及鱼类在不同水层和不同时间段的活动情况。结果显示,调查海域冬季鱼类主要活动在4~10 m的中上水层,鱼类分布随着水层深度的逐步增加而急剧减少;从9∶00至13∶00鱼类活动频度呈增大趋势,并在13∶00至14∶00频度达到顶峰(约为38%),随后频度减弱;统计得到该海域鱼类目标强度主要以-49~-40 d B占比最高,目标强度大于-40 d B的鱼类均匀分布在整个水层,目标强度小于-40 d B的鱼类主要分布在4~10 m浅水层。研究表明,采用水声技术能够实现对鱼类活动的监测;调查海域的鱼类目标强度分布比较集中,鱼类在深度上的分布主要集中于中上水层,鱼类在不同时间段的活动情况随水温变化而变化,温度升高鱼类活动频度增加,反之则降低。由此可知,该海域鱼类的种类以暖水物种为主。     

雷达观测在防雹工作中的应用

阐述了雷达观测冰雹天气的基本要求,总结出雷达上常见的几种雹云回波的识别方法,以及雷达上雹云回波特征在人工防雹工作中的实际应用,为人工防雹工作提供科学的依据。     

两次对流天气的天气形势和多普勒雷达回波的对比分析

利用河北新乐多普勒雷达的探测资料和气象常规资料，通过对河北省中南部的两次灾害性天气（2005年7月12日和7月31日）对比分析，得出了对流天气（冰雹、大风）发生时有利的多普勒雷达产品的演变特征，“快速减少的垂直积分液态水可以引起风灾”、“逆风区”是造成灾害性天气的最明显和直接的表现。     

招远特大暴雨分析

2008年7月19～20日受弱冷空气和7号热带风暴“海鸥”外围暖湿气流共同影响，招远市区出现了1次特大暴雨天气过程，日降水总量接近历史极值。笔者利用常规气象资料对此次暴雨过程进行总结分析，结果表明，热带低压和中纬度系统相互作用是造成此次过程的重要原因。     

积层混合云人工增雨作业条件分析

利用沈阳棋盘山新一代天气雷达探测资料和常规气象资料,分析了2004～2006年在辽宁中西部地区进行的人工增雨作业及降水的雷达回波特征,并总结出对积层混合云实施人工增雨作业的条件、部位、时机和方法等新一代天气雷达判别指标。