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1.
When European Union regulations restricted the use of estrogenic compounds in food‐producing animals, refined hormonal protocols were no longer applicable for anovulatory cows. However, Ovsynch and its adaptations are routinely and uniformly applied to all cows regardless of ovarian function. To evaluate their efficacy on anovulatory cows, 143, 147 and 144 anovulatory cows received Ovsynch, Presynch and G6G protocols, respectively. In comparison, 150 cyclic cows were bred without using a synchronized protocol. Results showed that cows in the Presynch group had luteolysis responding to the last prostaglandin F (PGF2α) injection greater than the Ovsynch group. The serous progesterone levels at the first gonadotropin‐releasing hormone of Ovsych and the last PGF2α injection was greater in the G6G group than the other two hormonal treatment groups. Concentrations of Ca2+ and total protein in cervical mucus in all three hormone‐treated groups before artificial insemination (AI) were significantly different from the controls. The G6G group obtained a greater pregnancy rate compared with Ovsynch and Presynch, but significantly less than the controls. For open cows in the Ovsynch group, estrus rate within 24 days after the first AI was significantly less than the controls. In conclusion, the G6G treatment resulted to better reproductive performance in anovulatory cows.  相似文献   
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Although stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for determining diet, migration patterns and the structure of food webs in aquatic systems, the slow response of isotopic ratios in the widely used muscle tissue often hampers this approach, particularly in slow‐growing or adult fishes. We conducted a diet‐switch experiment to compare the changes in the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C values) in the epidermal mucus and muscle tissue of five‐year‐old catfish (Silurus asotus). The isotope ratios in noninvasively sampled mucus changed more rapidly than those in the muscle tissue. As isotopic change in mucus was relatively rapid, this technique can be used over a finer timescale than traditional isotopic analyses using the muscle tissue. The isotopic change half‐life in our experimental condition was 200 days, which would not be short enough for some research purposes. Examining mucus along with the muscle would enable food habits of slow‐growing fishes to be determined over different timescales. However, the rate of isotopic change in the mucus was negatively affected by the size of fish and was slower than the previously reported rates in juvenile steelhead. These findings suggest that mucus turnover rates need to be determined prior to the field data interpretation.  相似文献   
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通过使用羊排卵测定仪准确掌握不同繁殖期小尾寒羊的排卵期,旨在有效提高母羊的受孕率。选择1.5~3.5周岁和4~6周岁小尾寒羊空怀期繁殖母羊各30只,利用羊排卵测定仪测定发情期内母羊生殖道黏液电阻值,研究其变化规律,发现1.5~3.5周岁母羊组发情持续时间较短,电阻值下降和上升均较快;而4~6周岁母羊组发情持续时间较长,电阻值下降较快但其上升曲线较为曲折。比较处于不同阴道黏液电阻值范围的母羊人工授精后的受孕率发现,4~6周岁的羊群组比1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组可受孕范围宽,但1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组在可受孕电阻值范围内受孕率明显高于4~6周岁的羊群组。该研究结果提示,不同年龄小尾寒羊母羊阴道黏液电阻值变化幅度不同,发情周期内电阻值下降到最低点后再上升时期为小尾寒羊的排卵期,适宜配种,该时期为母羊配种受孕率高。  相似文献   
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为研究疫苗滴鼻免疫对鸡气管功能的影响,本研究对SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫疫苗后气管纤毛摆动速率、气管形态结构和黏液分泌进行了研究。80只7日龄SPF鸡随机分为对照组和试验组,每组40只,试验组SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗,对照组滴鼻生理盐水;于免疫后的第0、2、4和6天,每组每次随机剖杀10只鸡,应用红细胞示踪法测定气管纤毛摆动速率,采集气管制备石蜡组织切片进行HE和奥新蓝pH 2.5和pH 1.0染色。结果发现,疫苗免疫后的第0和2天试验组SPF鸡纤毛摆动速率较对照组升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);滴鼻免疫后SPF鸡气管结构完整,无明显损伤;滴鼻免疫后试验组SPF鸡气管酸性黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而后明显降低,于免疫后的第6天又有所升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);硫酸化黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著升高(P<0.05),而后降低并与对照组相一致。结果表明,新城疫疫苗滴鼻免疫后前两天SPF鸡气管黏液分泌增多,而后恢复到正常水平,疫苗的免疫对气管形态结构和纤毛的摆动速率无明显影响。  相似文献   
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In the present study, a potential Lactobacilli probiotics were isolated from Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) and characterized and evaluated for their possible use in eel farming. Sixteen Lactobacilli were isolated from intestines of Japanese eels, using selective media. The lactobacilli strains (represented as PL1 to PL16) were screened by their ability to produce digestive enzyme. Among these, three strains (PL11, PL13 and PL16) producing four digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease and phytase) simultaneously were characterized further using API ZYM kit. From these, PL11 (Lactobacillu (L.) pentosus) was identified as potential probiotics candidate producing 15 enzymes among 20 tested. Further examination of biological activities of PL11 revealed tolerance against pH, artificial bile juice and antibacterial activity against several fish pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro competitive exclusion assay also revealed 88.4% reduction in adhesion of fish pathogen (Edwardsiella tarda) by PL11 to host intestinal mucus. In vitro incubation of Japanese eel foregut with Baclight‐labelled PL11 showed colonization of the enterocyte surface by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. In summary, PL11 isolated from eels could serve as a potential probiotics with acid and bile tolerance, production of digestive enzymes, antibacterial activity and inhibition of fish pathogen adhesion to intestinal mucus.  相似文献   
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黄鳝基因组DNA一直采用抽血或剪取肌肉来提取,但是采血或剪取肌肉后黄鳝成活率很低。为了保留亲本,尝试从黄鳝体表粘液中提取DNA,并采用紫外分光光度计对提取到的DNA的纯度和浓度进行了检测。结果表明,用蛋白酶K消化,酚仿抽提后从粘液中得到的DNA的纯度与从肌肉中提取到的相差不大,但是提取到的量较少。为了验证提取的DNA是不是黄鳝基因组DNA,用黄鳝actin引物和18S r RNA基因引物扩增之后检测到了粘液中的较亮的DNA片段。为了进一步确认检测到的是黄鳝的DNA,我们又对得到的DNA进行了扩增,并得到的产物进行了克隆和测序。结果表明,粘液中提取到的DNA是黄鳝的基因组DNA。随后又选择了60尾黄鳝,提取其粘液之后对其成活率进行统计,养殖1个月后黄鳝的成活率都在95%以上。此黄鳝体表粘液提取DNA方法能提取高质量的DNA,可用于用于PCR鉴定。  相似文献   
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[目的]从遵义小钝吻鮠(Leioxassis microcrassirostris Zunyiensis Xiao sp.nov.)体表黏液中获取高质量的抗菌肽,为提高其先天免疫能力及病害防治效果奠定基础.[方法]采用物理方法收集遵义小钝吻鮠的体表黏液,以5%乙酸进行浸提,采用SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析技术对抗菌粗提物进行分离纯化,结合Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳法进行分离鉴定,并运用牛津杯法和挖孔法进行抑菌试验.[结果]遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液经乙酸法浸提处理并冷冻干燥,其粗提物呈白色粉末,稀释液蛋白质含量为1755 μg/mL;经SephadexG-50凝胶层析分离,其纯化产物抑菌活性峰主要在峰Ⅱ和峰Ⅲ,抑菌圈直径11.66 mm;再经SephadexG-25凝胶层析分离纯化后出现单一活性峰,其产物为分子量小于4.1kD的抗菌肽,抑菌圈直径12.85mm.[结论]遵义小钝吻鮠无需诱导刺激,可直接采用物理方法收集其体表黏液,以5%乙酸浸提后经SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析便可分离出纯度较高的抗菌肽.  相似文献   
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Reason for performing study: Accumulations of tracheal mucus assessed by endoscopic examination are associated with poor performance in racehorses. The air quality in horses' stalls may contribute to this visible tracheal mucus. Objectives: To determine whether the concentration and number of airborne particulates in stalls are associated with visible accumulations of tracheal mucus and with the number of inflammatory cells in tracheal aspirates. Methods: We studied 107 racehorses from 3 stables, in 3 different months, and measured airborne particulate matter 3 times daily in each of the stalls. On each monthly visit, horse airways were examined endoscopically and assigned a mucus score, and tracheal lavage was performed. Bivariate procedures, general estimating equations and linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between PM and the presence of accumulations of mucus and number of inflammatory cells. Results: Stable, stall, month and PM were all significantly associated with the presence of accumulations of tracheal mucus, which had an overall prevalence of 67%. The odds of horses having visible accumulation of mucus were increased when horses occupied enclosed stables or stalls with higher particulate concentrations, and when concentrations of larger particles (≤10 µm in diameter) were elevated. Sixty‐eight percent of tracheal wash samples contained more than 20% neutrophils. Increased numbers of neutrophils were associated with the concentration of smaller particles (≤2.5 µm in diameter). Potential relevance: Careful consideration of stable construction and management practices focused on maintaining the lowest possible dust concentrations throughout the day should reduce the prevalence of visible accumulations of tracheal mucus, potentially improving racing performance.  相似文献   
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